溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统及其若干重要问题

从系统流程的构建、系统性能的研究、系统关键部位的优化等方面介绍了溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的研究情况,探讨了进一步研究中的关键问题.     

Achievable working range for solid all-desiccant air-conditioning systems under specific space comfort requirements

Solid desiccant air-conditioning systems present a promising solution, in terms of performance level and environmental protection, pointing out their potential to be coupled with thermal solar or waste heat energy source. Nevertheless, these systems are characterized by constraints to the load they can satisfy, through the trade-off between the dehumidification cooling capacity and the latent load of the conditioned space. On that level, one has to note that, for steady environmental conditions, the conditioned space does not present unique value of load, but range of load, corresponding to an array of acceptable temperature and (usually relative) humidity values. In this work a methodology is proposed for the definition of the system's achievable working range under specific set of space (comfort) requirements. Through this approach, the systems present greater potential for covering the space requirements, thus presenting more possibilities on a design basis, and more flexible control strategies, as well. The proposed methodology is presented and discussed through the case study of a solar desiccant air-conditioning system coupled to a typical residential building.     

一种余热驱动溶液调湿新风机组冬季运行研究

测试分析了一种余热驱动溶液调湿新风机组的冬季运行情况,得出了这种机组在冬季工况下的运行性能。在测试数据的基础上,分析了机组的送风参数随热水温度、热水流量和溶液浓度的变化情况。基于这些变化关系,得出了冬季工况下机组送风参数控制的基本原理和方法。     

溶液调湿新风机组表冷盘管的设置与节能

以天津中心生态城某工程为例,通过实例计算,分析了外置表冷盘管与溶液调湿机组的位置关系对新风处理能耗以及新风处理系统COP的影响。得出了在表冷盘管采用高温高效冷源的前提下,表冷盘管前置比后置具有明显节能效果的结论。     

Advancement of solar desiccant cooling system for building use in subtropical Hong Kong

The solar desiccant cooling system (SDCS) had a saving potential of the year-round primary energy consumption as compared to the conventional air-conditioning system for full fresh air application in the subtropical Hong Kong. In order to further enhance its energy efficiency, advancement of the basic SDCS was carried out through a strategy of hybrid design. Six hybrid system alternatives of SDCS were therefore proposed, three for full fresh air design while another three for return air design for the building zone. Year-round performance evaluation of each solar hybrid desiccant cooling system was conducted for typical office application under different climatic and loading conditions. All the six hybrid system alternatives were found technically feasible, with up to 35.2% saving of year-round primary energy consumption against the conventional air-conditioning systems. Among the hybrid alternatives, recommendations were made on the SDCS hybridized with vapour compression refrigeration for full fresh air design; and the SDCS hybridized with vapour absorption refrigeration for return air design, since they had the saving potentials of both primary energy and initial cost. These two hybrid system alternatives used evacuated tubes, a more economical type of solar collectors compared to the PV or PVT panels.     

新风系统经济运行控制策略的分析与研究

分析了在定风量系统中实现经济运行的温度控制原则,提出了考虑室内温度控制的新风系统经济运行控制策略,利用模拟程序对不同控制策略下的空调系统能耗进行了比较和分析。     

金属填料型直接蒸发冷却装置在空气处理机组中的应用研究

将金属填料型直接蒸发冷却装置作为组合式空气处理机组的一个新增功能段,可以扩大蒸发冷却的应用范围.该装置在对空气进行传热传质处理的同时,还具有过滤、消毒杀菌、改善室内空气质量的作用,另外还可用于处理化纤车间空气中的油雾污染.     

Design of a solar absorption cooling system in a Greek hospital

Air conditioning of buildings is responsible for a large percentage of the greenhouse and ozone depletion effect, as refrigerant harmful gases are released into the atmosphere from conventional cooling systems. The need to implement advanced new concepts in building air conditioning systems is more crucial than ever today.Solar cooling systems (SCS) have the advantage of using absolutely harmless working fluids such as water, or solutions of certain salts. They are energy efficient and environmentally safe. They can be used, either as stand-alone systems or with conventional AC, to improve the indoor air quality of all types of buildings. The main goal is to utilize “zero emissions” technologies to reduce energy consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions.Amongst cooling technologies, absorption cooling seems to have a promising market potential.In this paper, the performance and economic evaluation of a solar heating and cooling system of a hospital in Crete, is studied using the transient simulation program (TRNSYS). The meteorological year file exploited the hourly weather data where produced by 30-year statistical process. The required data were obtained by Hellenic National Meteorological Service.The objective of this study is to simulate a complete system comprised of a solar collector, a storage tank, a backup heat source, a water cooling tower and a LiBr-H₂O absorption chiller. The exploitation of the results of the simulation provided the optimum sizing of the system.     

Application of desiccant systems for improving the performance of an evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system in hot and humid climates

The purpose of this study was to enhance the energy-saving potential of an indirect and direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (IDECOAS) by integrating it with either a solid or liquid desiccant system. The desiccant system can be installed either at the scavenger air side of the indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) to enhance its effectiveness or at the primary air side of the IEC to reduce the latent load of outdoor air. The operating energy consumption affected by the location and type of the desiccant unit integrated with IDECOAS was simulated under three different hot and humid climates using TRNSYS 17 integrated with commercial equation solver programme. And then, the most energy-conservative configuration was selected for each climate zone as the proposed system. The simulation results showed that configurations with the desiccant dehumidification unit located upstream of the IDECOAS consume 76–85% less cooling coil energy than those with the desiccant unit located downstream of the IDECOAS. It was also found that the liquid desiccant system saves 21–50% more primary energy than the solid one, when it is integrated with IDECOAS.     

间接蒸发冷却用于空调新风预冷的实验研究

从温差换热驱动势和吸湿驱动势出发,分析了间接蒸发冷却换热效率的影响因素,实验研究了新风进口温度、排风进口温度和相对湿度对新风进出口温差和换热效率的影响。     

开式蓄能除湿空调系统工作特性研究

以采用变质量能量转换及储存技术和氯化锂溶液的开式蓄能除湿空调系统为研究对象,介绍了系统的工作循环和流程,建立了系统充、释能过程动态模型。以我国南方高湿地区具有独立新风系统的办公建筑除湿空调工况为例,对该蓄能系统按全量蓄能策略运行时的工作过程进行了数值模拟,得到了系统运行参数和工作特性及各设备工作特性参数随运行时间和外部条件的变化关系。     

Overall cooling efficiency of a solar desiccant plant powered by direct-flow vacuum-tube collectors: simulation and experimental results

Using solar thermal energy is an interesting option for heat-driven air conditioning, e.g. desiccant cooling. In this article, the autonomous operations of a solar desiccant cooling plant powered by direct-flow vacuum-tube collectors are investigated. A model of the solar installation and the desiccant air handling unit is presented and implemented in the SPARK simulation environment and then it is validated experimentally. The overall cooling efficiency of the system is evaluated using simulation for humid and moderately humid climates and the effect of increasing the regeneration temperature on the cooling capacity, the overall cooling efficiency is studied and finally the overall efficiency of the collectors is calculated for the studied cases.     

空调冷却水系统最优节能控制策略

提出了一种空调冷却水系统最优节能控制策略。这种控制策略要求在系统调试过程中确定各种外界条件下最小能耗工况的水泵和风机的频率,在系统运行过程中,直接根据外界条件将水泵和风机的频率调到这个频率。介绍了在系统调试过程或运行过程中确定最小能耗工况下水泵和风机频率的方法。     

Exergetic performance assessment of solar photovoltaic cell (PV) assisted earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) system for solar greenhouse cooling

An experimental system was developed and tested in order to investigate the exergetic performance of a solar photovoltaic system (PV) assisted earth-to-air heat exchanger (under ground air tunnel) that is used for greenhouse cooling at the Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. This system was under operational conditions successfully during the 2010 summer cooling season. This paper provides the experimental results obtained between 18th of August and 26th of August of in 2010. Exergy destruction in the system was calculated and presented in this paper using a reference temperature of 15 °C. Results are discussed and interpreted in the paper for various performance metrics, such as the effect of climatic conditions and operating conditions on the system performance. Results show that the system may be satisfactorily used for greenhouse cooling in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey.     

Development and performance test of a low-cost hybrid solar air heater

A hybrid energy system named as SAH embraces the features of solar and thermal devices to generate electrical and thermal energies simultaneously. Recently, some SAH has developed with higher efficiency but less feasible to the developing countries due to higher installation cost. Here, a cheaper SAH with more capability of utilising the solar energy and enhanced efficiency by incorporating fin with the SAH has developed. SAH performances have been analysed experimentally by varying the air mass flow rate from 0.0132 to 0.02166?kg/s for the both fin and without fin attached condition. During mass flow rate of 0.02166?kg/s, maximum efficiency for the collector, photovoltaic cell and the overall efficiency of the system has been recorded as 34.25%, 6.48%, and 35.26% with fin and 28.07%, 4.10%, and 29.37% without fin, respectively. This study would assist the researcher for further improvement of the SAH and guide the consumer to select the appropriate SAH.     

Heating control strategy for variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system with multi-module outdoor units

The heating control strategy is key technology for stable and reliable heating operation of variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system with multi-module outdoor units. The synoptic control strategy is that the host module coordinates the system operation and adjusts the operation frequency of every module based on equal frequency allocation principle for suction pressure balance among modules. The heating control model including heating frequency adjustment, module switching condition and frequency allocation model has been built. Considering the discharge pressure disturbance, a certain discharge pressure region is taken as the control objective to adjust the frequency. And considering the lag between pressure and frequency, the restriction condition of discharge pressure and a certain judgment time are introduced into the model to avoid frequent module switching. Furthermore, different frequency allocation models have been built for increase and decrease of module number. In the model, when the module number increases and evenly allotted frequency to every module is less 70 Hz, one or two certain frequencies 70 Hz are distributed to the pre-existing thermo-on module(s) and the remaining frequency is distributed to ensuing thermo-on module so as to avoid sharp frequency fluctuation and inferior heating effect. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy.     

Efficiency analysis of a solar photovoltaic array coupled with an electrolyser power unit: a case study

Hydrogen as an energy carrier is one of the most potential candidates for clean energy and can be produced by water electrolysis. The use of 10?kW photovoltaic arrays for supplying a 5?kW electrolyser which consists of 10 series-connected electrolyser stacks and a 28% alkaline (KOH) solution electrolyte has been investigated at the Taleghan renewable energies site in Iran. The hydrogen produced by the electrolyser provides energy for the 1?kW polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, which meets the load when the solar energy is insufficient. Variations of the solar radiation intensity, the hydrogen production rate, the solar hydrogen efficiency and the overall efficiency of the solar hydrogen energy unit were monitored in detail. The overall energy efficiency was found to range from 0.93% to 5.01%. The obtained results demonstrate the great potential of such a power system for producing and storing energy in a solar-belt country like Iran.     

Study on the performance of a solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating

This paper proposed a new solar assisted air source heat pump system with flexible operational modes to improve the performance of the heating system. A mathematical model was established on the solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating with a heating capacity of 10 kW, and an air source heat pump unit was developed to validate the model. The effect of the solar collector area on the performance of the system running in Nanjing was studied. The results showed that the COP of the heat pump unit was enhanced with the increase of the solar radiation density during the typical sunny day in the heating season. In addition, the COP also increased in proportion to the solar collector area. Compared with the case when the solar collector area was 0 m², the COP increase of the heat pump and the energy-saving rate were 11.22% and 24% respectively when the solar collector area was 40 m². Meanwhile, the solar equivalent generation power efficiency could reach 11.8%.