外墙外保温系统仿清水墙陶土面砖空鼓预防

胶粉EPS颗粒保温浆料外墙外保温系统仿清水墙陶土面砖空鼓问题较普遍,其主要原因有材料、工艺两方面。针对这些原因,提出了从材料配制使用、基层处理、保温浆料施工、抗裂防水层施工以及饰面砖粘贴等五个方面采取具体的预防措施,可有效防止这类问题的再次发生,并在实际工程应用中取得了成功。     

Thermal convection in double glazed windows with structured gap

Convective heat transfer inside the gap of double glazed windows is studied numerically using a commercial CFD code (Fluent v6.3), for different Rayleigh numbers and aspect ratios. A reference window with empty gap is compared with windows where the gap contains fins arranged in such a way as to reduce heat transfer. The effects of convective air flow inside the cavities were estimated both at the onset of convection and at steady-state in real environmental conditions. The global Nusselt numbers were calculated for different configurations of the fins in the window gap, in order to apply the standard heat loss estimation method to this type of windows.     

Performance evaluation of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal double pass facade for space heating

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (Semi transparent PVT) double pass facade for space heating. The thermal model has been developed by using the energy balance equations of the proposed hybrid photovoltaic thermal double pass facade under quasi-steady state condition. Numerical computations have been carried out for the composite climate of New Delhi, India. An analysis has been carried out to calculate annual energy and exergy gain for the hybrid photovoltaic thermal double pass facade. On the basis of numerical results it has been observed that the annual thermal and electrical energy are 480.81 kWh and 469.87 kWh respectively. The yearly overall thermal energy generated by the system has been calculated as 1729.84 kWh. It is also observed that the room air temperature increases by 5-6 °C than the ambient air temperature for a typical winter day.     

保温材料与基墙的粘结强度对系统耐候性能的影响

本文通过实测两组外保温墙体(粘结层不同)在耐候性试验前后的表面破坏情况,分析了引起这两种不同构造外保温墙体破坏情况的原因,总结出提高外保温墙体耐候性方面的具体要求。     

The impact of indoor thermal conditions,system controls and building types on the building energy demand

It is possible to evaluate the energy demand as well as the parameters related to indoor thermal comfort through building energy simulation tools. Since energy demand for heating and cooling is directly affected by the required level of thermal comfort, the investigation of the mutual relationship between thermal comfort and energy demand (and therefore operating costs) is of the foremost importance both to define the benchmarks for energy service contracts and to calibrate the energy labelling according to European Directive 2002/92/CE. The connection between indoor thermal comfort conditions and energy demand for both heating and cooling has been analyzed in this work with reference to a set of validation tests (office buildings) derived from a European draft standard. Once a range of required acceptable indoor operative temperatures had been fixed in accordance with Fanger's theory (e.g. −0.5 < PMV < −0.5), the effective hourly comfort conditions and the energy consumptions were estimated through dynamic simulations. The same approach was then used to quantify the energy demand when the range of acceptable indoor operative temperatures was fixed in accordance with de Dear's adaptive comfort theory.     

混凝土小型空心砌块双层体系墙设计及应用

介绍了混凝土小型空心砌块双层墙体系的形式、设计与计算原理，列举了设计实例，论述了其在设计和施工时应注意的事项，阐明了混凝土小型空心砌块的推广优势。     

砂浆对石渣粉混凝土空心砌块墙体热工性能的影响

分别研究砌筑和抹面砂浆对墙体热工性能的影响。用热流计法实测墙体热阻,并用计算的方法得到剔除灰缝后的砌块热阻,比较两者差异并分析砌筑砂浆灰缝对石渣粉混凝土空心砌块墙体热工性能的影响。计算分析橡胶粉砂浆抹面对空心砌块墙体的热工性能影响程度。     

石渣粉混凝土空心砌块墙体热工性能研究

采用热流计法测得石渣混凝土空心砌块墙体热工性能.计算空心砌块的理论热阻值,并和实际测量的热阻进行比较,分析了两者产生差异的原因.分析计算了橡胶粉砂浆抹面对砌块墙体热工性能的影响.     

Simulation and mock-up tests of the thermal performance of curtain walls

The curtain wall is being widely adopted in high-rise buildings because of its many advantages. Many researchers have tried to predict the surface temperature of windows or curtain walls precisely. But most of the research has focused on small-scale window rather than large-scale curtain walls. Thus, a study on the correlation between a computer simulation and a mock-up test using a large-scale thermal chamber for the curtain walls is needed. There are three main objectives in this study: first, to understand the reasons for the differences between the results of the thermal mock-up tests and those of the simulations: second, to understand the differences in the simulation methods: and third, to reduce those differences using the method proposed in this study. For 12 curtain walls, the mean temperature difference between computer simulations and the mock-up tests was about 2.6 °C. The simulation method (NFRC) considering convection and radiation showed closer result to the mock-up test than conventional simulation method. This study proposed a method adjusting the simulation result to the test result by changing the convective film coefficients of the frame and glazing to find the optimal convective film coefficients for the chamber. To verify proposed the average convective film coefficients, additional thermal mock-up tests and simulations were performed. The simulation using the average convective film coefficients showed better agreement with the mock-up result.     

节能型混凝土多孔砖孔型设计与热工分析

根据夏热冬冷地区对外围护结构热工性能的要求,对节能型混凝土多孔砖的孔型进行分析、设计,并通过热工计算验证,提出有效的设计方案.     

Correlation between thermal conductivity and the thickness of selected insulation materials for building wall

Correlation between thermal conductivity and the thickness of selected insulation materials for building wall has been analyzed. The study has found that a relationship between the thermal conductivity (k) and optimum thickness (x_opt) of insulation material is non-linear which obeys a polynomial function of x_opt = a + bk + ck², where a = 0.0818, b = −2.973, and c = 64.6. This relationship will be very useful for practical use to estimate the optimum thickness of insulation material in reducing the rate of heat flow through building wall by knowing its thermal conductivity only.     

粘贴饰面砖外墙的渗漏原因分析及防治对策

结合工程实例,分析粘贴饰面砖外墙的渗漏原因,在此基础上提出了防治对策,供设计、施工、监理、监督等同行业人员参考。     

The influence of the external walls thermal inertia on the energy performance of well insulated buildings

Energy conscious building design consists in controlling the thermophysical characteristics of the building envelope such as, firstly, thermal transmittance (U-value). However, besides the U-value, the envelope thermal inertia should also be considered. The literature studies report very different estimations regarding the energy saving potential associated with the use of an adequate inertia, ranging from a few percentages to more than 80%. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the parameters enhancing or damping the role of thermal inertia, providing a variety of results. For this purpose several external wall systems with the same U-value but different dynamic properties were investigated to calculate the associated achievable energy savings. A parametric analysis was performed in progressive steps, by running the models of a virtual Test Cell and of a sample building. Both design parameters (heat transfer surface, solar control) and operational ones (ventilation rates, HVAC functional regime) were varied.It was found that the highest energy performance wall system has a proper combination of the dynamic thermal transmittance and thermal admittance values, although not necessarily the best ones. Moreover, it was shown that thermal inertia effects are enhanced if it is coupled with other energy saving measures and an efficient building use.     

节能混凝土多孔砖墙体温度场数值模拟研究

用ANSYS对节能混凝土多孔砖墙体温度场进行了数值模拟,对模拟结果进行了分析,得出了模拟值与实测值拟合良好的结论,指出了该方法在工程设计上有广泛的应用前景,值得推广。     

An integrated computational method for calculating dynamic thermal bridges of building facades in tropical countries

Identifying thermal bridges on building fa?ades has been a great challenge for architects, especially during the conceptual design stage. This is not only due to the complexity of parameters when calculating thermal bridges, but also lack of feature integration between building energy simulation (BES) tools and the actual building conditions. For example, existing BES tools predominantly calculate thermal bridges only in steady state without considering the temperature dynamic behaviour of building outdoors. Consequently, relevant features such as thermal delay, decrement factor, and operative temperature are often neglected, and this can lead to miscalculation of energy consumption. This study then proposes an integrated method to calculate dynamic thermal bridges under transient conditions by incorporating field observations and computational simulations of thermal bridges. More specifically, the proposed method employs several measurement tools such as HOBO data logger to record the actual conditions of indoor and outdoor room temperature and thermal cameras to identify the surface temperature of selected building junctions. The actual datasets are then integrated with the simulation workflow developed in BES tools. This study ultimately enables architects not only to identify potential thermal bridges on existing building fa?ades but also to support material and geometric exploration in early design phase.     

建筑外墙大面积釉面砖的粘贴方法

以某工程为例,着重介绍了高层建筑外墙大面积釉面砖的粘贴工艺,提出釉面砖粘贴施工过程中的质量通病及其防治措施,制定质量控制措施,科学组织施工,保证了工程的施工质量和效益。     

GFRP加固带壁柱砖墙平面外抗剪承载力研究

对玻璃纤维复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称GFRP)加固带壁柱砖墙的平面外受荷性能进行了试验研究.由试验结果知,当GFRP复合材料的加固量较大时,加固试件平面外的抗弯能力得到明显的提高,而抗剪能力提高有限,即试件的平面外极限承载力由其平面外抗剪极限承载力控制,导致加固试件发生剪切破坏,提出了抗剪极限承载力计算公式,可作为今后类似试验研究、试件最终破坏形态的判断依据.     

新型烧结多孔砖在砖混结构房屋中的应用

从技术的角度分析和总结了新型烧结多孔砖在砖混结构中的应用,阐述了新型烧结多孔砖砌体结构的优点,详细介绍了新型烧结多孔砖砌体的设计要点和施工要点,从而推广新型多孔砖的应用。     

在节能65%的设计标准下烧结制品墙材应限制多孔砖生产、发展空心砖及砌块

节能65％设计标准限制了多孔砖在建筑上的应用,同时建筑结构的发展限制了多孔砖的应用。目前烧结制品墙体材料应调整产品结构导向,重点以空心砖及砌块代替多孔砖为主导产品,在城市重点发展以空心砖及砌块为主导产品,限制新建多孔砖生产线,农村重点改造实心砖为多孔砖。即“禁止实心砖、限制多孔砖、发展空心砖”。     

多层砖混住宅顶层墙体温度裂缝的成因及防治

多层砖混住宅项层因温度应力而开裂是该类建筑的通痛，直接影响到建筑物的耐久性和使用安全性。从混凝土－－砖的温差效应入手，对多层砖混结构产生温度裂缝的机理进行了符合实际的分析，并对设计、施工过程中容易忽视的问题进行了总结，从而对此类裂缝的产生有了较为清晰的认识，进而提出了比较适用可行的解决方法。