Determination of available transfer capability using multi-objective contingency constrained optimal power flow with post-contingency corrective rescheduling

In a new competitive electricity market, accurate information should be shared to provide nondiscriminatory access to all participants. Key information to determine how much power can be shipped through the network is dubbed available transfer capability (ATC). This paper presents a methodology for the calculation of ATC, which is performed through a fuzzy logic approach to parallelizing contingency constrained optimal power flow (CCOPF). This algorithm may be used by utilities to optimize economy interchange for severe contingencies analyzed without disclosing details of their operating cost to competitors. In fact, the main objective of fuzzy multi-objective CCOPF is to determine the minimization of both the base-case (pre-contingency) operating cost and the post-contingency correction times as conflicting but fuzzy goals. Also, Benders decomposition is adopted to partition the fuzzy formulation with contingency constraints, which allows for post-contingency corrective rescheduling, motivated by the improvement of the computational efficiency using parallel processing. The IEEE-30 bus system is employed to test the proposed algorithm and the results are comprehensively demonstrated by a distinct comparison between the conventional optimal power flow and the CCOPF with respect to the same array of transactions, base-case, and generation/line outages.     

Consideration of multiple uncertainties for evaluation of available transfer capability using fuzzy continuation power flow

In today’s electric power industry, accurate and flexible information is needed to provide nondiscriminatory access to all market participants. This paper primarily purports to determine available transfer capability (ATC) based on the fuzzy set theory for continuation power flow (CPF), thereby capturing uncertainty. Assuming that uncertainties involved in the ATC calculation are estimated or measured, a fuzzy model is formulated in which major uncertainty parameters affecting the ATC are regarded as fuzzy variables subject to their possibility distributions. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate main features of the fuzzy continuation power flow (FCPF) algorithm that can handle uncertainties in load parameters and bus injections as well. As such, the robust solution will assist in providing additional information on the actual ability of the network to a system operator. In other respects, it poses a significant influence on the potential curtailment of power trades from which the reinforcement strategy can be set by the system operator. The viability of the proposed method would be verified through a stark contrast with the ones obtained from the conventional CPF and the fuzzy power flow (FPF) in the IEEE-24 RTS bus system and in the IEEE-118 bus system.     

基于线性化最优潮流的电网可用输电能力计算

可用输电能力(ATC)是评价互联电网运行安全稳定裕度的重要测度指标。针对交流最优潮流(OPF)模型计算ATC时在收敛性方面的不足,提出一种计及电压和网损的线性潮流方程,在此基础上构造用于ATC计算的OPF计算模型,并通过先估计网损、再求解优化问题的2步求解策略得到ATC的计算结果。IEEE 39节点系统的算例分析验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

考虑暂态稳定约束的可用输电能力的计算

基于传统的最优潮流模型及多机电力系统的经典数学模型,利用隐式梯形积分法,将电力系统中所有发电机转子摇摆方程差分化为等式约束、发电机转子相对摇摆角稳定极限作为不等式约束,将其作为暂态稳定条件加入最优潮流的等式约束和不等式约束方程中,提出了一种考虑暂态稳定约束的可用输电能力计算的计算方法,用原始-对偶内点法求解该模型,并通过引入一个非线性互补函数改进原对偶内点法中的互补松弛变量在每次迭代中都必须保持正向的缺点,使优化问题的求解效率得到提高。14节点系统计算为例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Multi-area generation scheduling algorithm with regionally distributed optimal power flow using alternating direction method

This paper calls attention to the core issue as to the multi-area generation scheduling algorithm in interconnected electric power systems. This algorithm consists in deciding upon on/off states of generating units and their power outputs to meet the demands of customers under the consideration of operational technical constraints and transmission networks while keeping the generation cost to a minimum. In treating the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, the generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) is applied to simply decouple a primal problem into a unit commitment (UC) master problem and inter-temporal optimal power flow (OPF) sub-problems. Most prominent in this work is that the alternating direction method (ADM) is introduced to accomplish the regional decomposition that allows efficient distributed solutions of OPF. Especially, the proposed distributed scheme whose effectiveness is clearly illustrated on a numerical example can find the most economic dispatch schedule incorporated with power transactions on a short-term basis where utilities are less inclined to pool knowledge about their systems or to telemeter measured system and cost data to the common system operator and nevertheless the gains from trade such as economy interchange are vital as well.     

基于连续潮流的输电网可用输电能力计算

提出一种基于连续潮流的线性迭代法计算输电网可用输电能力ATC(AvailableTransferCa鄄pability),详细推导了该算法的数学模型,并给出计算方法及流程,将算法应用到IEEE-30节点系统,结果表明该方法具有一定的实用性、可靠性和有效性。同时,将基于连续潮流法与直流灵敏度法的计算精度进行比较,结果表明该方法精度高;此外讨论了负荷参数λ取固定增长步长与变增长步长两种情况下的计算精度与计算速度,结果表明两者计算精度差不多,但后者计算速度快一些。     

输电系统可用传输能力的研究

针对电力工业市场化改革的需求，综述了在电力市场环境下，输电网可用输电能力ATC（Available Transfer Capability)计算问题的研究现状及发展方向，介绍了ATC的定义，分析限影响ATC准确计算的各种不确定因素，针对ATC在线计算和离线计算的特点，提出了ATC计算的确定性模型和概率性模型，分析比较了目前ATC计算的几种算法的优,缺点，最后，展望了输电网可用输电能力计算中有价值的研究方向。     

Multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch using multi-objective differential evolution

This paper presents multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) to solve multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch (MORPD) problem by minimizing active power transmission loss and voltage deviation and maximizing voltage stability while varying control variables such as generator terminal voltages, transformer taps and reactive power output of shunt VAR compensators. MODE has been tested on IEEE 30-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus systems. Numerical results for these three test systems have been compared with those acquired from strength pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA 2).     

应用粒子群优化算法求解可用输电能力

在电力市场环境下,诸多问题(例如实时电价、网络阻塞等)都需要最优潮流作为理想的工具.本文以最优潮流为基础,应用一种简单有效、且收敛性很好的演化计算算法--粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行可用输电能力(ATC)问题的求解.根据约束条件的越限量大小,动态地调整罚函数,在保证全局搜索能力的基础上改进了收敛速度.应用此算法对IEEE-30节点系统进行了可用输电能力计算,并与传统的最优潮流算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法的有效性,具有实用意义.     

交直流系统可利用传输能力的评估

提出了一种基于内点法的适用于交直流系统求解可利用传输能力的新方法。由交直流网络间的耦合关系和换流器转换方程, 推导出直角坐标系交直流系统的Jacobi、Hessian 矩阵, 进而用原始-对偶内点法求解计及电压幅值和热稳定约束的交直流系统ATC。针对静态电压稳定约束下交直流系统直流控制方式会发生调整的情况, 提出分段求解交直流系统ATC的方法, 该方法能方便考虑直流变量约束及运行方式的调整。经算例验证该算法在交直流系统ATC计算中对初始值选择要求不高, 收敛迅速。     

含有风电发电机组可用输电能力新算法的研究

阐述了含有风电发电机组的潮流计算模型,提出将改进蚁群算法、变邻域搜索算法和差分进化算法相结合应用到可用输电能力研究中,该算法克服了陷入局部最优解的缺点,并提高了寻优的效率、全局的寻优能力和结果 的稳定性.以IEEE30节点标准系统作为算例对输电网可用输电能力进行仿真计算,计算结果表明本文提出的算法具有合理性和可靠性.     

串联补偿器选址以提高输电能力的新方法

为了更好地利用串联补偿器对线路参数进行补偿,提高系统的输电能力,在计及不等式约束和电压稳定性约束条件下,基于连续潮流模型,提出了一种新的串联补偿器的安装策略:在有约束务件达到极限的临界运行点分析输电能力对支路电抗的灵敏度,根据此灵敏度排序结果确定最有利于提高输电能力的串联补偿器安装支路;并对这一灵敏度选址指标的使用条件...     

基于直流灵敏度法的可用传输容量输电费用评估

在竞争性的电力市场环境下,输电网的可用传输容量(Available Transfer Capability,ATC)输电费用是一个亟待解决的问题。提出了ATC传输费用的概念,阐述了直流潮流灵敏度法的ATC的传输费用算法,该方法利用直流潮流灵敏度的变化来分析电力市场环境下可用传输容量的问题,并利用潮流跟踪法将可用传输容量输电费用公平分摊到各个交易的参与者,最后使用所提算法以及常规最优潮流法对WSCC-9节点输电系统某时段的电力交易进行了仿真计算。结果表明,此方法计算速度快、迭代次数少,能有效地跟踪电力市场的变化,能够满足电力市场实时交易的要求,具有一定的经济实用价值。     

Decomposition-coordination strategy to improve power transfer capability of interconnected systems

The maximum power transfer across critical corridors or interfaces is limited by various system constraints such as thermal, voltage, and stability limits. In an open transmission access environment, these constraints would be deeply influenced by the interactions among the path flows in different control areas. In particular, small signal stability, commonly in the form of low frequency oscillations, is considered a crucial factor since it limits the power transfer capability of transmission paths in interconnected multi-area systems. Based on such considerations, the focal point of this paper will be a new approach to coordinating the path transfers across multiple control areas, giving exclusive attention to the small signal stability. The differential eigenvalue method is used to derive the damping ratio constraints for satisfying the small signal stability criteria which are linear inequality constraints expressed in terms of the control parameter. Using Bender’s decomposition, the proposed methodology is formulated as a master problem and a set of sub-problems, each associated with one area motivated by the improvement of the overall computational efficiency via parallel processing. The performance of the decomposition-coordination method is illustrated with a 68-bus system from which it might be deduced that inter-area transfer margin could be improved by reasonable rescheduling of the neighboring tie-line flows.     

用随机规划法计算可用传输容量

该文提出了一种新颖的方法,来计算互联系统中通过预定界面的ATC(AvailableTransferCapability)值。它把电力系统中的不确定因素:发电机开断、线路开断和负荷预测误差,处理为随机变量,用基于随机规划法的混合方法,二阶段求索随机规划法和机会约束规划法求解。经过算例检验,此方法是有效的。     

Determination of transfer capability region using boundary tracing method

In electricity markets, transfer capability is a parameter showing the potential of a considered source–sink pair to transfer power. This paper enhances transfer capability monitoring by proposing a method to determine this parameter with respect to a region referred to as the ‘transfer capability region’ (TCR). The boundary of a TCR is traced by using the modified predictor–corrector process on a plane of real and reactive powers. The TCR shows a set of feasible loading points at the sink area. Moreover, the shape of TCR always changes according to the system parameters. This paper also defines the outermost boundary of the TCR when the considered parameters are set to be free. We apply the proposed method to test systems, and then compare to the maximum loading points obtained by the conventional transfer capability calculation. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

含统一潮流控制器的拟线性化动态最优潮流

统一潮流控制器(UPFC)具有强大的潮流控制能力,但是目前工程中的控制策略仅停留在控制站层面;含UPFC的动态最优潮流计算可以有效提高电网的安全性和经济性,但是其计算效率低、收敛性差,难以满足电网实时性要求。基于此,通过解耦、代换、热启动和迭代更新4个步骤,提出对初值不敏感的线性化动态最优潮流模型,并研究拟线性化的UPFC模型,最终建立含UPFC的拟线性化动态最优潮流模型。基于等值原理,从地区电网数据中提取南京西环网117节点等值系统,采用简化原对偶内点法对其进行求解测试,算例结果表明所建模型具有较高的计算效率和计算精度。     

地区电网备自投在线投退控制策略(二)考虑备用电源侧可用供电能力的备自投控制策略

由于投入备自投装置时,没有充分考虑备用电源侧元件热稳定极限的影响或其他相关母线的电压越限情况,导致连锁故障发生,会使故障进一步扩大.在考虑备用电源所在电网的网架结构、运行方式以及负荷水平的条件下,建立了备用电源侧可用输电能力实时在线评估数学模型,并应用重复潮流法,对该模型进行了求解,将所得结果作为备自投装置动作与否的决...     

基于二阶锥优化的交直流系统多目标最优潮流研究

为解决广域大范围内新能源的并网和消纳问题,柔性直流电网技术得到了快速的发展,已经发展成为了直流环网的形式.直流环网具有多条冗余线路,能更好更灵活地调度各发电单元和线路之间传输的功率.针对柔性直流电网的特点,提出一种基于二阶锥优化和超效率数据包络分析法的交直流互联系统最优潮流计算方法.基于含VSC-HVDC的交直流系统稳...     

优化潮流的数值计算

通过对电力系统运行状态的分析，就潮流计算的数学模型进行了合理的简化并针对其解的稳定性提出了延拓法确定初值。利用此优化潮流的计算方法，可以迅速且有效地对系统潮流进行适当的调整和控制，以满足安全可靠或经济性的要求。