A simple hardware realization of switching table based direct torque control of induction motor

A simple hardware realization of direct torque control (DTC) scheme for fast control of induction motor torque has been presented. The proposed hardware scheme mimics the conventional switching table based DTC scheme and does not require use of any online fast computing device like microprocessor, PC or DSP. The controller uses only commonly used discrete hardware components. The experimental results of the proposed hardware implementation have been presented and supported with simulation results. Another alternate hardware scheme without using the switching table has also been proposed and the experimental results of both the schemes have been compared and found to be in agreement with each other.     

Development of torque and flux ripple minimization algorithm for direct torque control of induction motor drive

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state, notable torque and flux ripple occur. They are reflected in speed estimation, speed response and also in increased noise. This paper proposes a new control algorithm, which provides decoupled control of the torque, and flux with constant inverter switching frequency and a minimum torque and flux ripple. Compared to the other DTC methods, this algorithm is much simpler and has less mathematical operations, and can be implemented on most existing digital drive controllers. Algorithm is based on imposing the flux vector spatial orientation and rotation speed, which defines the unique solution for reference stator voltage. This paper contributes (a) Calculation of stator flux vector, torque and flux increments (b) The position of new stator flux vector determination (c) Calculation of the stator reference voltage (d) comparison of errors of different control strategies. In this paper, computer simulations and experimental results have been discussed for the proposed algorithm.     

Induction motor drive based on the stator flux vector control

This paper presents a new torque control algorithm for induction motors, based on the stator flux vector control. For each sampling period, the value of the stator voltage is calculated to keep the stator flux equal to the reference vector, while the stator flux reference vector is calculated to keep the rotor flux amplitude constant at all operating conditions. An improved stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm is proposed, enabling robust and stable operation of the drive, even at low speeds. The induction motor torque is manipulated by variations of the flux angular velocity, enabling drive operation with fixed switching frequency and ripple-free torque in the steady state. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested through various experimental runs, proving good behavior of the drive in both transient and steady-state operating conditions.     

感应电机直接转矩控制系统

为了确定影响感应电机直接转矩控制系统稳态性能的主要因素,使用自己开发的仿真软件包进行了仿真实验分析,指出了定子电阻、磁链滞环容差和转矩滞环容差是影响感应电机直接转矩控制系统性能的三个主要因素.定子电阻主要对磁链轨迹影响较大,磁链滞环容差和转矩滞环容差主要影响定子电流谐波和电机转矩,并提出了一些补偿措施.这些结论为进一步改进系统性能提供了一些依据.     

基于SVPWM五相感应电机直接转矩控制研究

针对感应电机直接转矩控制(DTC)采用开关表的滞环方法时,存在电流和转矩脉动等问题,提出在DTC中应用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的方法。根据五相感应电机模型和DTC基本原理,推导出参考电压矢量。分析了五相逆变器的空间电压矢量,并从中选取出22个有效电压矢量,根据最近四矢量SVPWM算法,计算出第k扇区中工作电压矢量的作用时间。建立了基于双DSP控制的实验系统,实验结果表明,该方法减小了电流和转矩脉动,具有良好的稳态和动态性能。     

Variable-structure torque control of induction motors using space vector modulation

Compared with field orient control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) is known to provide fast and robust response for induction motors. However, while offering high dynamic performance, classical DTC produces notable torque, flux, and current ripples, and operates with a variable inverter switching frequency. In this paper, a novel torque control scheme for induction motors is proposed. The stator flux and the electrical torque are directly controlled by variable-structure controllers, and stator voltage vectors calculated by the variable-structure controllers are applied to the motor by means of space vector modulation. The proposed scheme therefore provides smooth, fast and robust regulations of the electrical torque and the stator flux. Moreover, the implementation of the scheme is simple. Theoretical analysis shows the asymptotical convergence of electrical torque and stator flux tracking. Simulation and experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Quasi-resonant inverter-fed direct torque controlled induction motor drive

A quasi-resonant inverter-fed induction motor operated under direct torque control (DTC) scheme is modeled and analyzed with SABER simulator. The dc link voltage is clamped to source voltage. All the devices in the resonant link and inverter except auxiliary switch in the resonant link are operated soft under zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The auxiliary switch is turned on under zero-current switching (ZCS), but turned off hard. This scheme has been implemented on a laboratory-sized experimental setup. A comparison of simulation and experimental results under identical operating conditions were presented.     

一种改进的转矩和磁链调节器异步电机直接转矩控制系统的研究

在传统调节器的基础上提出一种新型转矩和磁链调节器，该调节器采用两级容差控制，可以为控制系统提供更多的电机运行状态的信息，从而使电机磁链在全速范围内近似圆形，易于实现对电机的精确控制，在很大程度上改善电机低速时的动态和静态运行特性，同时仍保持直接转矩控制方法在高速运行时所具有的快速响应特性，仿真结果验证了上述结构的可行性。     

一种降低转矩脉动和开关频率的异步电机DTC控制方法的研究

异步电机直接转矩控制(DTC)方法在数字实现时,由于电压矢量个数的有限和采样及数值运算带来的滞后,使稳态输出转矩的波动远大于给定转矩容差。提出一种新的DTC控制方法,可以在不增加功率管开关频率的前提下明显改善转矩和电流波动(尤其在低速时),且不增加硬件电路的复杂性。仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

直接转矩控制在开关磁阻电机中的应用与研究

阐述了开关磁阻电机(SRM)直接转矩控(制DTC)策略的原理,指出直接转矩控制的核心在于电压矢量的选择及开关表的建立,给出了DTC在SRM中应用的具体实现方法。对基于直接转矩控制策略的SRM电机转矩控制进行了仿真及实验研究,仿真结果表明,这种策略能够较好地抑制转矩脉动,系统动静态特性良好,实现方法简单。     

关于异步电机直接力矩控制的研究

直接力矩控制是交流调速中一种新颖、有效的控制方法。首先介绍了异步电机的数学模型 ,在此基础上对直接力矩控制进行了理论分析 ,并介绍其磁通、力矩控制方法 ,给出磁通观测器和力矩观测器 ,同时也对无速度传感器的直接力矩控制作了简要介绍     

一种无差拍直接转矩控制方法

针对现有的感应电动机无差拍直接转矩控制方法计算比较复杂,且计算得到的两个控制电压与控制对象磁链和转矩不是一一对应的问题,提出了一种在定子磁场定向的同步旋转坐标系下进行无差拍直接转矩控制计算方法.由d轴磁链方程推导出磁链无差拍控制电压的计算式;利用和定子磁链相垂直的q轴电流方程,推导出转矩控制电压计算式.计算出的电压矢量由空间电压矢量脉宽调制方法实现.这种方法计算简单,不需要解二次方程,分离的磁链和转矩控制计算有利于控制安排.对采用这种方法的直接转矩控制系统进行仿真表明,系统转矩控制和磁链控制响应快,对参数的变化不敏感.     

Research on a direct torque control for an electrically excited synchronous motor drive with low ripple in flux and torque

The electrically excited synchronous motor (ESM) has typically small synchronous inductance values and quite low transient values because of the damper windings mounted on the rotor. Therefore, the torque and stator flux linkage ripples are high in the direct torque control (DTC) drive of the ESM with a torque and flux linkage hysteresis controller (basic DTC). A DTC scheme with space vector modulation (SVM) for the ESM was investigated in this paper. It is based on the compensation of the stator flux linkage vector error using the space vector modulation in order to decrease the torque and flux linkage ripples and produce fixed switching frequency under the principle that the torque is controlled by the torque angle in the ESM. Compared with the basic DTC, the results of the simulation and experiment show that the torque and flux linkage ripples are reduced, the maximum current value is decreased during the startup, and the current distortion is much smaller in the steady-state under the SVM-DTC. The field-weakening control is incorporated with the SVM-DTC successfully. __________ Translated from Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2006, 26(7): 152–157 [译自: 中国电机工程学报]     

永磁同步电机低脉动直接转矩控制建模与仿真

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)中转矩脉动过大的问题,基于电机的电磁转矩和转矩角之间的函数关系,建立了一种新的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制数学模型.该模型通过控制转矩角实现正圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,有效地减小转矩脉动;通过将转矩角增量直接映射为三相逆变器电子开关的导通时间,避免了磁链工作扇区判别以及电压空间矢量调制(SVM)技术中复杂的数学和逻辑计算.采用Matlab进行软件仿真表明,上述算法可以实现圆形定子磁链矢量轨迹,1N·m输出转矩时的转矩脉动不超过0.5%,在抑制转矩脉动、改善电机转子的动态性能方面具有良好的效果.     

基于DSP的异步电机改进型直接转矩控制研究

传统的直接转矩控制采用六边形磁链控制或六区间的圆形磁链控制,特别是当考虑定子电阻压降的影响时,转矩脉动很大。针对传统六区段控制方式电压选择表的缺陷,提出了十二区段控制方法及其电压选择表的实现方法。实验结果表明十二区段控制方法较六区段控制方法具有更好的控制性能。     

一种基于直接转矩控制系统低速时磁链观测补偿的新方法

直接转矩控制是继矢量控制后的一种新型控制方法,此方法的调速性能取决于高效稳定的定子磁链。由于定子电阻压降的存在使得电机运行在低速区时难以控制。因此,提出了一种新型的改善直接转矩控制系统低速性能的磁链观测方法。该方法采用低通滤波器代替纯积分环节,并提出对磁边幅值进行闭环反馈补偿和用模糊控制器补偿引入低通滤波器造成的磁链角的误差。仿真结果表明,采用此控制方法,直接转矩控制系统的低速性能有十分明显的提高,仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Modern improvement techniques ofdirect torque control for inductionmotor drives - a review

Conventional direct torque control (DTC) is one of the excellent control strategies available to control the torque of the induction machine (IM). However, the low switching frequency of the DTC causes high ripples in the flux and torque that leads to an acoustic noise which degrades the control performances, especially at low speeds. Many direct torque control techniques were appeared to remedy these problems by focusing specifically on the torque and flux. In this paper, a state of the art review of various modern techniques for improving the performance of DTC control is presented. The objective is to make a critical analysis of these methods in terms of ripples reduction, tracking speed, switching loss, algorithm complexity and parameter sensitivity. Further, it is envisaged that the information presented in this review paper will be a valuable gathering of information for academic and industrial researchers.     

双级矩阵变换器驱动异步电机直接转矩控制

在深入分析双级矩阵变换器整流级调制算法和逆变级直接转矩控制策略的基础上,提出了采用双级矩阵变换器驱动异步电机直接转矩控制的策略。换流方式采用零电流换流的思想,即整流级换流前后,在逆变级插入零开关状态,可以保证整流级的零电流换流。此控制策略结合了双级矩阵变换器和直接转矩控制的优点,功率因数可调且具有良好的动静态性能。仿真结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性,表明该策略具有与直流调速系统相媲美的调速性能。     

一种感应电机直接转矩控制系统性能改善方案

该文首先从理论上对数字化控制感应电机传动系统的性能进行了推导，对电机转矩的变化量进行了详细的分析。然后结合直接转矩控制的原理，提出了一种新型的控制方案。从仿真结果可以看出：不仅系统的动态响应依然很快，而且可以有效地改善稳态转矩脉动较大的情况：同时由于采用了空间电压矢量调制，稳定了逆变器的开关频率。     

感应电机Super-twisting算法定子磁链观测器设计

为了提高感应电机定子磁链的观测精确度,提出了一种基于Super-twisting算法的磁链观测方法,设计了定子磁链观测器,并应用到感应电机直接转矩控制中。依据滑模变结构控制的鲁棒性特点来抑制多输入多输出定子磁链观测器系统中的扰动。利用Super-twisting算法所需信息少的优点,设计了简单的控制律,从而更适合于实际工程应用。在对观测器稳定性进行分析时,将转速和耦合量看作扰动来处理,并给出了系统一致渐近稳定的充分条件。与常规电压模型法相比,基于Super-twisting算法的定子磁链估算值更加准确,且对电机定子电阻参数变化具有更强的鲁棒性。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。