Active power filter for three-phase four-wire electric systems using neural networks

This paper presents the design of neural networks compared with the conventional technique, a hysteresis controller for active power filter for three-phase four-wire electric system. A particular three-layer neural network structure is studied in some detail. Simulation and experimental results of the active power filter with both controllers are also presented to verify the feasibility of such controller. The simulation and experimental result show that both controller techniques can reduce harmonics in three-phase four-wire electric systems drawn by nonlinear loads and can reduce neutral current. The advantage of the neural network controller technique over hysteresis controller technique are less voltage ripple of d.c. bus, and less switching loss. Furthermore, the neural networks controller has better fault tolerance than the hysteresis controller.     

New control approach for a PV-diesel autonomous power system

A new control scheme for the hybrid photovoltaic-diesel single-phase autonomous power system is proposed. The main advantage of this scheme is that the voltage control is accomplished by the interface inverter without need to the automatic voltage regulator of the diesel-driven generator. Unlike three-phase systems, frequency and voltage control in single-phase autonomous power systems imposes additional complexity. This is due to the pulsating nature of the single-phase loads instantaneous power at twice the rated frequency that may degrade the control efficacy. This obstacle is addressed in this paper and a new scheme is presented. The approach includes three control loops for maximum power tracking, voltage control and frequency control. The generator field current is held constant at its nominal value avoiding the saturation in the field circuit. A robust fuzzy logic controller is adopted for the speed control loop of the diesel engine. The dynamic performance of the system is investigated under different operating conditions.     

Digital Simulation of a High-Performance AC Drive System?Part II

This is the second part of a paper describing the digital simulation of an ac drive system consisting of a three-phase induction motor supplied by a cycloconverter. In Part I, it is assumed that the cycloconverter is connected to a three-phase sinusoidal power source having negligible impedance. In this part, the complete system is simulated, including a three-phase synchronous generator, which in a practical system is driven by a prime mover at constant speed. To simplify the simulation process, it is assumed that the commutation of the generator phase currents takes place instantaneously. The results of the simulation are compared with test results. Both the calculated rms values and waveshapes of voltage and current show good agreement with test data.     

低压微网中基于单相电压独立控制的下垂控制

三相四线制低压微网中,由于接入大量单相负荷,常引起三相不平衡情况。而传统控制方法在三相不平衡情况下不能有效控制低压微网在孤岛运行时的电压和频率稳定。针对三相四线制低压微网特点,设计了单相电压独立控制的下垂控制方法。论文首先在考虑低压微网的阻抗特性主要呈阻性的情况下,采用了改进的下垂控制方法,并设计了单相电压独立控制,使控制系统能够运行在三相不平衡负荷下;然后设计两级控制对低压微网孤岛运行时的频率和电压进行控制,并对误差量进行修正;最后根据设计的控制策略进行系统仿真分析验证方法有效性。在PSCAD平台上通过对搭建的小型低压微网算例仿真,验证了基于改进下垂控制的单相独立控制方法的有效性以及能够实现低压微网孤岛运行时电压频率稳定的要求,所设计的方法能够达到在三相不平衡情况下的控制目标。     

基于相模变换的三相四线制系统故障计算方法

三相四线制在低压及国外中压配电网中应用广泛,其接地故障,尤其是中性线接地故障,缺少类似于"对称分量变换"那样的简化计算方法.文章提出一种四阶相模变换方法,将三相与中性线电气量变换为独立的1模、2模及仍存在耦合的0模与r模,利用受控电压源表达0模与r模间的耦合关系;根据单相接地和中性线接地的故障边界条件,构建接地故障模网...     

SEIG-Based Renewable Generation for MVDC Ship Power System with Improved Power Quality

The global energy consumption is increasing day by day. This increased energy demand can only be fulfilled through large-scale renewable energy integration. This article presents the mathematical modeling, control, and integration of a bio-fuel prime mover fed self-excited induction generator (SEIG) for medium voltage direct current (MVDC) ship power system. A three-phase current controlled voltage source inverter (VSI) working as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) injects compensating currents at the point of common coupling (PCC) for harmonic elimination and regulation of the generated voltage under varying load. The VSI is connected at the PCC through a three-phase zig-zag/star transformer which reduces the voltage stress at the DC link. An indirect current technique based controller is used to generate gating pulses for the STATCOM. The MVDC load zone is modeled as an integral sliding mode controlled DC-DC converter feeding ship service loads in shipboard system. Hardware realization of the proposed system has been implemented with 3.7kW induction generator.     

三相抛物线PWM电流控制解耦方法(方法I)

抛物线脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)电流控制方法具有与传统滞环控制相媲美的高精度、快速电流跟踪控制性能,并能保持开关频率基本恒定,可广泛用于各种电压型功率变换器。但是现有文献仅给出了单相抛物线PWM电流控制方案,并未涉及如何用于三相三线变换器。该文利用叠加原理,将三相三线系统等效为虚构的三相四线系统与虚构的零序系统之和,提出一种三相抛物线PWM电流控制解耦方法,该方法通过3个独立的单相抛物线PWM电流控制器对虚构的三相电流进行控制,间接实现三相三线变换器实际电流的高精度快速跟踪控制。仿真和实验结果验证了该解耦控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

Fuel-efficient Induction Generator Based Diesel Generator Set for Stand-alone Supply Systems

This article proposes a fuel-efficient, diesel engine driven, self-excited induction generator based diesel generator set for stand-alone supply systems. The system uses a static compensator along with a battery energy storage system. The static compensator with a battery energy storage system provides the voltage control, load compensation, harmonics elimination, load balancing, and reactive power compensation. The fuel efficiency of the generator is improved by loading the generator continuously between 80% and 100% of its rated capacity. The battery energy storage system takes the power from the generator during light load periods and supplies the power to the load during overloads. In addition, a continuous loading of the generator eliminates the problem of frequency variation of the induction generator under varying loads. The proposed system is designed to feed both three-phase as well as single-phase loads. A zigzag transformer is used for neutral current compensation. A power balance theory based control algorithm has been used to estimate the reference source currents.     

参数辨识方法的三相不对称负载电能计量研究

以三相四线制星形连接供电系统为例,分析了三相负载的不对称性对负载电能计量的影响。提出了三相负载虚拟中性点电压参数辨识的改进用户电能计量方法：在用户侧负载参数未知的情况下,利用同步采样三相电路公共连接点的实测电压、电流波形,采用参数辨识方法辨识负载虚拟中性点的电压,从而做到准确计量三相负载电能。通过Matlab仿真实例,将传统电能计量值和基于辨识方法的电能计量值分别与三相负载实际消耗的电能作比较,验证了该电能计量方法的准确性及合理性。     

基于自关断器件的新型桥式短路限流器拓扑与控制策略

提出一种基于自关断开关器件的新型桥式短路故障限流器。该种单相(三相)限流器由1个整流桥、1个直流电感和1个(3个)旁路电感组成。直流电感用来限制故障初期的短路电流上升速度,其电感根据控制电路的响应速度和系统电压、电流额定值,以体积、成本最小为目标进行设计。旁路电感用来将短路电流限制到继电保护要求的数值上,其电感量根据系统电压和继电保护要求的短路电流设计。短路限流期间的电源电流仍为正弦量,因而不会对阻抗继电器、传统的电压电流互感器和总的继电保护方案产生不良影响。新型限流器的主电路得到了简化,控制电路和控制方法非常简单,动态性能得以提高。文中详细论述了用于三相系统的限流器的主电路拓扑结构、控制策略、参数设计与优化方法等。仿真和实验结果证明了所提新型限流器的有效性和实用性。     

低压配电网三相不平衡运行的影响及治理措施

我国低压配电系统大都采用三相四线制Y/Yno(Y/Y)接线方式,由于单相负载的不均衡性等原因,造成配电变压器处于三相不平衡运行状态.从电能质量的角度分析不平衡运行所造成的三相电压不平衡及其危害,详细分析和推导三相不平衡所带来的配变损耗和线路损耗,并针对低压配网的三相不平衡问题提出了管理和技术上的治理措施.     

神经网络控制的三相并联有源电力滤波器设计

针对现有各种谐波检测方法的不足,在分析了滤波器的工作原理和传统的神经网络控制算法之后,提出了一种新的神经网络控制算法,设计了一种应用于电力系统中补偿无功和抑制谐波的三相并联有源电力滤波器(APF),该滤波器由一个三相PWM电压源逆变器及其控制电路组成。将负载电流、直流侧电容电压与系统电压输入改进的神经网络,计算出并联有源电力滤波器的参考电流,参考电流输入滞环电流控制器获得逆变器的触发脉冲,从而得到补偿电流。通过Matlab仿真表明,由改进的神经网络控制的滤波器,在负载变化及其电流变化情况下都有良好的性能。同时,通过数字信号处理器实现的系统实验验证了该方案的正确性。     

三相四线制台区电网的状态估计模型

提出一种三相四线制台区电网的状态估计模型。综合考虑电源和负荷端点三相节点的注入电流量测方程、中性点的虚拟量测方程、三相电压幅值量测方程以及T端点三相和中性点的零注入等式约束方程,以端点a、b、c三相及中性点电压的实部和虚部为状态变量,建立台区电网带等式约束的加权最小二乘状态估计模型。该模型采用牛顿法进行求解,并以IEEE13节点修正系统为例进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,所提模型可有效解决台区电网的状态估计问题,且方法收敛可靠,速度快,满足工程要求。     

一种基于改进型ip-iq方法的有源滤波器

在瞬时无功功率理论的基础上,提出一种基于改进型ip-iq谐波电流检测方法的有源滤波器。改进型检测方法用简单的积分、延时加增益环节来代替传统ip-iq方法中的低通滤波器,将检测延时减少到1/6个电源周期。同时这种检测方法还可以推广到单相、三相4线电路和三相不平衡负载的场合中。电流跟踪控制采用滞环比较方式,实际补偿电流能够实时精确跟踪谐波指令电流。采用能量平衡原理实现了逆变器直流侧电压的控制。仿真结果表明,这种有源滤波器能够实时、有效地补偿系统的谐波和无功电流。     

互感器二次压降及二次负荷模拟测试系统研究

互感器二次压降及二次负荷直接关系到电能计量的误差,是电力系统必须定期检定的项目。本文研制了一套用于电力技术人员培训用的模拟测试系统,采用三相电压电流源来模拟互感器的二次侧输出,用电阻、电抗序列模拟互感器的二次负荷及压降,接线方式包括三相三线制和三相四线制两种。以数字信号处理器(TMS320F206)为核心控制器,来控制各个模拟设备的参数,并通过A/D转换和运算放大等电路来采集电压、电流、功率因数等参数,整个系统由上位机软件进行控制,采用RS485串口通讯协议。实践表明该系统具有较好的稳定性和可靠性,模拟测试的各项指标符合现场测试的技术要求。     

交直流混合配电型通用功率变换器(UPC)研究

提出了基于通用功率变换器的交直流混合配电网系统架构概念,在解决传统交流配电网电能质量问题同时,满足直流配电网发展需求。首先提出了一种结合电压平衡控制器(VBC)和四桥臂型三相四线制电压源变换器(VBC)的新型UPC整体系统结构,并给出一种基于交流电流跟踪补偿的并网VSC和基于恒定直流电流脉冲触发模式的VBC整体协调控制策略。最后通过搭建75 kW仿真实验系统验证了UPC在直流配电、分布式电源直流并网和交流配电网电能质量治理等方面性能的有效性。     

Overload prevention

This work presents a series active filter system for three-phase, four-wire distribution systems to alleviate the overloading of the neutral conductor. The active filter system employs a voltage sources inverter connected in series with a neutral conductor to suppress the excessive current harmonics. Theoretical analysis shows that series active filter system are more suitable than shunt active filter systems because most of the nonlinear load at low voltage levels are categorized as harmonic voltage source type. Laboratory test results show that the proposed system achieves desired filtering function.     

三相四线动态电压调节器的单周控制策略与仿真分析

提出了一种三相四线系统动态电压调节器(dynamic voltage regulator,DVR)的单周控制模型。在分析主电路的基础上推导出了DVR的单周控制模型。在电压骤降、骤升以及电源中含有谐波的情况下对新建立的模型进行了仿真研究。结果表明,单周控制用于三相四线DVR既具有较好的动态特性,又控制电路简单。在电压变化范围不大于30%时有较好的补偿效果,并对电源谐波有一定的抑制作用。     

三相四线统一电能质量调节器的控制策略

针对电网输入电压的不平衡、非正弦及负载的不平衡、非线性特性,提出了一种基于三相静止坐标系下的三相四线统一电能质量调节器（UPQC）的协调控制策略。该策略将UPQC的串联变流器控制为基波正弦电流源,而并联变流器控制为基波正弦电压源,从而实现了三相四线UPQC对电能质量的综合控制能力,既改善了电网侧的电能质量问题,实现了电网输入电流的正弦及单位输入功率因数,也改善了负载侧的电能质量问题,实现了负载电压的平衡、额定及正弦。10 kVA系统实验装置的实验结果表明了该控制策略的有效性。     

Terminal voltage regulation characteristics by static var compensator for a three-phase self-excited induction generator

In this paper, the practical impedance approach steady-state analysis in the frequency domain for the three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with squirrel-cage rotor is presented along with its operating performance evaluations. The three-phase SEIG is driven by a variable-speed prime mover(VSPM) in addition to a constant-speed prime mover (CSPM) such as a wind turbine and a micro gas turbine for clean alternative renewable energy in rural areas. The basic steady-state characteristics of the VSPM are considered in the three-phase SEIG approximate equivalent circuit and the operating performance of the three-phase SEIG coupled with a VSPM and/or a CSPM are evaluated and discussed online under the conditions related to the speed changes of the prime mover and the electrical inductive load power variations with simple computation processing procedures. A three-phase SEIG prototype setup with a VSPM is implemented for small-scale clean renewable and alternative energy utilizations. The experimental performance results give good agreement with those obtained from the simulation results. Furthermore, a proportional-integral (PI) closed-loop feedback voltage regulation of the three-phase SEIG driven by the VSPM on the basis of the static var compensator (SVC) composed of the thyristor phase-controlled reactor in parallel with the thyristor switched capacitor and the fixed-excitation capacitor bank is designed and considered for the wind generation as a renewable power conditioner. The simulation analysis and experimental results obtained from the three-phase SEIG with SVC for its voltage regulation prove the practical effectiveness of the additional SVC with the PI-controller-based feedback loop in steady-state operation in terms of high performance with low cost.