涂覆热分解与电化学聚合法制备聚苯胺/RuO2复合电极材料

通过涂覆热分解法并结合电化学聚合法制备得到聚苯胺(PANI)/RuO₂电极材料。使用涂覆热分解法于260℃热处理3 h制备RuO₂薄膜, 通过电化学聚合法将PANI粒子沉积在RuO₂薄膜上, 并在80℃加热12 h。采用XRD分析PANI/RuO₂复合物晶相, 采用SEM观察PANI/RuO₂复合电极材料的形貌变化。利用循环伏安及恒流充放电测试了该复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明, PANI沉积时间为25 min, 该PANI/RuO₂复合电极的最大电容量为9.72 F, 比电容为452 F·g^-1, 充放电曲线体现了较低的电压降、等效串联电阻及良好的充放电性能。经1000次循环伏安后, 其比电容损失约为11%。     

PANI载的孔状g-C3N4的界面聚合法制备与光催化性能研究

在孔状石墨型氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)存在下, 通过苯胺单体的界面聚合成功制备了孔状g-C₃N₄/聚苯胺(PANI)复合催化剂。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TGA、UV-Vis和电化学阻抗谱等对样品的结构、形貌、性能以及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝的催化活性进行表征。结果表明: PANI组装在孔状g-C₃N₄片上, 此种复合结构不仅利于孔状g-C₃N₄对PANI链段运动的限制, 提高孔状g-C₃N₄/PANI复合催化剂的稳定性; 而且增强材料的可见光利用率、氧化能力和电子输运性能, 利于可见光催化性能的改善。     

VO2(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒结构的室温NH3敏感性能研究

以VO₂(B)纳米棒为内核, 利用液相生长法制备了VO₂(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒, 研究了ZnO生长溶液浓度对复合结构微观形貌和气敏性能的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对复合结构样品的微观形貌和结晶取向进行表征, 并测试了复合结构对NH₃的敏感性能。实验结果表明, 随着ZnO种子液浓度的增大, ZnO逐渐由纳米颗粒生长为纳米棒结构, 当ZnO种子液浓度为0.01 mol/L时, ZnO呈棒状沿径向发散生长在VO₂(B)纳米棒表面, 形成树枝状VO₂(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒结构, 这一结构在室温下表现出对NH₃的高灵敏度和突出的选择性, 其灵敏度最大可达5.6, 对NH₃的响应时间最短仅为2 s。在室温下表现出的优良NH₃敏感性能, 主要与高密度的VO₂(B)/ZnO异质结和树枝状结构有关。研究结果为低功耗高灵敏度NH₃气敏传感器的研制提供了重要依据。     

新型导电聚苯胺衍生物制备方法研究进展

简单概述了聚苯胺的结构和掺杂机制,详细叙述了可溶性聚苯胺、纳米级聚苯胺和聚苯胺复合物等新型聚苯胺衍生物的制备方法.采用单体结构修饰法、胶体微粒法、功能质子酸掺杂法、复合物法等可以提高聚苯胺的可溶性;采用"迅速混合"法、超声波法、静态界面聚合法、正相微乳液聚合法、纳米反应器法、模板聚合法等可以制备出纳米级聚苯胺;通常采用聚苯胺前驱体法、插层聚合法、模板法、无机相前驱体法、聚苯胺和无机相直接复合法来制备聚苯胺/无机物纳米复合材料,而制备聚苯胺/聚合物复合材料采用的方法包括原位乳液聚合法、吸附聚合法、共聚法、共混法等.最后阐述了目前存在的问题和差距,并展望了未来的发展前景.     

纤维表面盐酸掺杂聚苯胺热稳定性能的研究

采用改进的原位化学聚合法制备了聚苯胺/涤纶导电复合织物。以盐酸作为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,探讨了焙烘温度对纤维表面聚苯胺导电性能的影响,同时还利用FT-IR和XRD对不同焙烘条件下的聚苯胺的红外光谱和结构进行了表征和分析。     

纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子的制备及其在交变磁场下的发热性能

用水解沉淀法合成了纳米Fe₃O₄粒子,并在其悬浮液中原位包覆聚苯胺,制备出纳米Fe₃O₄/聚苯胺复合粒子。研究了两种纳米粒子在交变磁场下的发热性能,对它们在定向集热治疗肿瘤中的应用前景进行了评价。纳米Fe₃O₄粒子的粒径为10~30nm,表面包覆聚苯胺后,复合粒子的粒径为30~50nm。纳米Fe₃O₄粒子的比饱和磁化强度为50.05Am2/kg,矫顽力为10.9kA/m;纳米Fe₃O₄/聚苯胺复合粒子的比饱和磁化强度为26.34Am2/kg,矫顽力为0。在10mg/mL的生理盐水悬浮液中,在外加交变磁场作用30min后,纳米Fe₃O₄粒子悬浮液的温度为63.6℃,纳米Fe₃O₄/聚苯胺悬浮液的温度为52.4℃,二者均达到了医学上定向集热治疗肿瘤用热籽的发热要求,是很有应用前景的医用纳米材料。      

具有近室温磁热效应的Fe71Mo9P13C7块体非晶态合金

通过Fluxing提纯处理和J-Quenching快速凝固技术相结合的方法成功制备出临界尺寸为1.3 mm的Fe₇₁Mo₉P₁₃C₇块体非晶态合金棒,并对其热力学性能、磁性能和磁热性能进行了研究。结果显示,Fe₇₁Mo₉P₁₃C₇块体非晶态合金的饱和磁化强度为0.55 T;在5 T外加磁场下的最大等温磁熵变值为2.57 J/（kg·K）,制冷能力为305.57 J kg。重要的是Fe₇₁Mo₉P₁₃C₇块体非晶态合金的居里温度为355 K,接近室温,因此有望成为室温磁制冷工质的候选材料。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米导电纤维的制备及性能表征

以壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和纳米石墨粉(G)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术分别制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混纳米纤维及壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/纳米石墨粉复合纳米纤维,采用原位聚合法在纤维表面聚合导电聚合物聚苯胺,得到具有优良导电性能的聚合CS/PVA和聚合CS/PVA/G复合纳米纤维。通过扫描镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等测试手段对纤维的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,聚苯胺均匀包覆在经原位聚合的复合纳米纤维表面,提高了纤维的导电性能,纳米石墨粉与聚苯胺形成插入化合物进一步提高了纤维的导电性能。     

纳米多孔Fe-Si-B-P的脱合金制备及其电化学性能

在0.05 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中对773～833 K热处理后的Fe₇₆Si₉B₁₀P₅非晶合金进行脱合金处理，采用脱合金法制备出Fe-Si-B-P纳米多孔材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等手段以及电化学工作站表征其表面形貌、微观结构和组成，研究其电化学性能。结果表明，热处理后的Fe₇₆Si₉B₁₀P₅非晶合金晶化为α-Fe、Fe₂B和Fe₃P相，在脱合金过程中α-Fe晶粒优先溶解形成纳米多孔结构，随着热处理温度从773 K提高到833 K材料中纳米多孔的孔径从150 nm增大到260 nm。同时，较大的比表面积提供更多的催化活性位点使纳米多孔Fe-Si-B-P具有比Fe₇₆Si₉B₁₀P₅非晶合金更优异的氧化还...     

复合电极中聚苯胺含量对超级电容器电化学性能的影响

采用原位复合法和界面聚合法分别制备了纤维状的聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑复合材料和聚苯胺,讨论了复合电极中聚苯胺含量对超级电容器电化学性能的影响。研究表明,复合电极材料中聚苯胺的含量不是影响其电化学性能的决定性因素。聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑复合电极(直径约200nm)在5mA/cm2和1mol/L的H2SO4溶液中首次充放电单电极比电容高达432F/g,该值比聚苯胺含量高的复合电极和直径相近纯聚苯胺电极的单极比电容值354和416F/g都高。     

Smooth and conductive DNA-templated Cu₂O nanowires: growth morphology, spectroscopic and electrical characterization

DNA strands have been used as templates for the self-assembly of smooth and conductive cuprous oxide (Cu?O) nanowires of diameter 12-23 nm and whose length is determined by the template (16 μm for λ-DNA). A combination of spectroscopic, diffraction and probe microscopy techniques showed that these nanowires comprise single crystallites of Cu?O bound to the DNA molecules which fused together over time in a process analogous to Ostwald ripening, but driven by the free energy of interaction with the template as well as the surface tension. Electrical characterization of the nanowires by a non-contact method, scanned conductance microscopy and by contact mode conductive AFM showed the wires are electrically conductive. The conductivity estimated from the AFM cross section and the zero-bias conductance in conductive AFM experiments was 2.2-3.3 S cm?1. These Cu?O nanowires are amongst the thinnest reported and show evidence of strong quantum confinement in electronic spectra.     

ZnAl 2O 4涂覆 Al 18B 4O 33( w)增强 6061Al 复合材料界面结构与拉伸性能

使用溶胶2凝胶法在硼酸铝晶须表面制备 ZnAl 2O 4涂层 , 采用挤压铸造法制备了 ZnAl 2O 4涂覆的硼酸铝晶须增强 6061Al 复合材料。研究了 ZnAl 2O 4涂覆对复合材料界面润湿性、 室温拉伸性能以及高温热暴露后界面热稳定性的影响。试验结果表明: 纳米 ZnAl 2O 4涂覆能够明显提高复合材料的界面润湿性 , 从而提高复合材料的室温拉伸性能; 均匀的 ZnAl 2O 4涂覆能有效地阻碍界面反应 , 使复合材料具有良好的热稳定性能。研究了涂覆对复合材料在铸态及高温热暴露后拉伸断裂行为的影响。未涂覆硼酸铝晶须增强的铝基复合材料在拉伸变形过程中晶须以折断为主 , ZnAl 2O 4涂覆硼酸铝晶须增强的铝基复合材料在拉伸变形过程中晶须以拔出为主。     

Batch preparation of linear Au and Ag nanoparticle chains via wet chemistry

We present a simple, wet-chemical method for fabricating linear chains of Au and Ag nanoparticles by selectively etching alternating segments from striped metal nanowires. Nanowires composed of sacrificial Ni segments as well as Au and/or Ag segments were prepared by templated electrodeposition in the pores of alumina membranes. After removal from the membrane, wires were coated with SiO2, and selective etching revealed the nanoparticle chains. Extinction spectra are presented as a function of interparticle spacing.     

In situ observation of morphological change in CdTe nano- and submicron wires

We report growth and characterization of CdTe wires 30–400 nm in diameter by the vapor–liquid–solid technique. Individual nanowires were placed on a movable piezotube, which allowed three-dimensional motion toward a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A bias was applied to the STM tip in contact with the nanowire, and the morphological changes due to Joule heating were observed in situ using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in real time. For thick CdTe wires (d > ~150 nm), the process results in the growth of superfine nanowires (SFNWs) of 2–4 nm diameter on the surface of the wire. Smaller diameter nanowires, in contrast, disintegrate under the applied bias before the complete evolution of SFNWs on the surface.     

Sn doped GeO(2) nanowires with waveguiding behavior

Sn doped GeO(2) nanowires and microwires have been grown by an evaporation-deposition method, using a mixture of Ge and SnO(2) powders as precursors. Comparison with undoped GeO(2) nanowires grown by the same method shows that the presence of Sn prevents the formation of sharp bends, which makes the wires more suitable for waveguiding applications. Incorporation of about 0.5?at.% of Sn into the wires influences their morphology and gives rise to wires showing two different cross-sectional dimensions along the growth axis. Sn does not influence the luminescence spectra in the visible range but causes the appearance of emission bands in the near-infrared range. The waveguiding behavior of the Sn doped wires for green and red laser light has been demonstrated.     

聚丙烯/四钛酸钾晶须复合材料研究

以PP-g-GMA为增容剂,利用熔融共混法制备了PP/PP-g-GMA/K_2Ti_4O_9晶须复合材料,借助于SEM、DSC和其他测试手段对复合材料的结构和性能进行了考查.SEM观察发现,K_2Ti_4O_9晶须含量较低时,分散较均匀,与树脂界面结合较好,含量较高时,粒子有团聚现象.力学性能测试结果表明,K_2Ti_4O_9晶须的加入提高了基体树脂的缺口冲击强度,对材料的拉伸强度影响不大.DSC测试结果表明,K_2Ti_4O_9晶须对PP的结晶有异相成核作用,出现双熔融峰和双结晶峰现象,使PP的结晶度提高,同时使PP的结晶温度大幅提高.     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

Selective functionalization of arbitrary nanowires

We report the selective functionalization of uniform and heterostructured nanowires with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The wires were grown electrochemically in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Selective deposition and removal of SAMs during nanowire growth permits the decoration of specific regions of the surface along the length of the nanowires. This technique presents a facile method for the tailored functionalization of nanowires, but does not rely on the intrinsic chemical properties of the nanowires as previous methods have.     

Sample refinement and manipulation of silicon nanowires: A step towards single wire characterization

Refined silicon nanowires have been prepared by a mild etching process and suspended into liquid in order to make them manageable for individual characterization. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study has revealed that the etching starts selectively at defect sites on the wires. This implies that the refined wires have many fewer defects than those made of raw materials. Efforts have been made to mount single nanowires onto the desired electrodes by electrophoresis. Compared with the commonly used microactuation method in the field, this is a far more realistic practical use of the wires that has an industrial value.     

Selective growth of silica nanowires using an Au catalyst for optical recognition of interleukin-10

The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth procedure has been extended for the selective growth of silica nanowires on SiO(2) layer by using Au as a catalyst. The nanowires were grown in an open tube furnace at 1100?°C for 60?min using Ar as a carrier gas. The average diameter of these bottom-up nucleated wires was found to be 200?nm. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates the amorphous nature of these nanoscale wires and suggests an Si-silica heterostructure. The localized silica nanowires have been used as an immunoassay template in the detection of interleukin-10 which is a lung cancer biomarker. Such a nanostructured platform offered a tenfold enhancement in the optical response, aiding the recognition of IL-10 in comparison to a bare silica substrate. The role of nanowires in the immunoassay was verified through the quenching behavior in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Two orders of reduction in PL intensity have been observed after completion of the immunoassay with significant quenching after executing every step of the protocol. The potential of this site-specific growth of silica nanowires on SiO(2) as a multi-modal biosensing platform has been discussed.