苯并(口恶)嗪亚胺玻璃布层压板的研制

研究苯并噁嗪亚胺树脂的合成工艺,并利用其制备玻璃布层压板,经对该产品的性能进行全面测试。结果表明,采用苯并噁嗪亚胺树脂制备的玻璃布层压板其制造成本、工艺及性能均优于苯酚改性二苯醚树脂层压板和环氧改性聚胺酰亚胺树脂层压板。     

新型苯并(噁)嗪树脂基覆铜板基板的研制

以4,4′-二胺基二苯甲烷、甲醛及双酚F为原料,苯酚为封端剂合成苯并噁嗪树脂,用其浸渍KH560处理的平纹玻璃布,制备了苯并噁嗪玻璃布层压板。测试结果表明,该苯并噁嗪树脂体系5%的热失重温度为410.4℃,800℃残炭为63.60%,用DMA方法测得其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为238.5℃,制得玻璃布层压板具有优良的热稳定性和耐热性。常态下,该层压板的弯曲强度纵向为835.3MPa;横向为552.3MPa。表面电阻率体积电阻率分别为8.7×1014Ω和1.5×1013Ω.m。同时该层压板的耐锡焊性能在288℃锡浴中起泡时间大于60s,阻燃性能达到UL94-VI级。     

主链型苯并噁嗪树脂玻璃布层压板的研制

以甲醛、二氨基二苯甲烷及双酚F为原料合成了一种新型主链型苯并噁嗪树脂,采用红外光谱、差示扫描量热及热失重分析对产物进行了表征。采用该新型主链型苯并噁嗪树脂制备层压板,并与其他苯并噁嗪树脂层压板进行性能对比。结果表明:该树脂固化物的玻璃化转变温度为215℃,5%热失重温度为380.2℃,氮气气氛下,800℃下的残留率为42.15%;压制的玻璃布层压板弯曲强度为643 MPa,热态弯曲强度保持率为72.9%,冲击强度为126 kJ/m2,介电常数和介质损耗因数分别低至3.97和0.49%。该新型主链型苯并噁嗪层压板的柔韧性和介电性能均优于常规苯并噁嗪层压板。     

新型耐高温环氧玻璃布层压板的研究

以酚醛环氧树脂和自制环氧树脂为基体树脂,4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)为固化剂,氢氧化铝为填料制备环氧玻璃布层压板,并对层压板的耐热性、电气绝缘性能和力学性能进行测试分析。结果表明:环氧玻璃布层压板的性能十分优异,玻璃化转变温度达到187℃,相比电痕化指数(CTI)大于600 V,常态(23℃)和热态(180℃)的弯曲强度(纵向)分别达到528 MPa和456 MPa,热态保留率达86%;其性能与H级聚二苯醚玻璃布层压板和H级改性双马来酰亚胺层压板的性能相当,适合作为在150~180℃下使用的耐高温结构材料和电气绝缘材料。     

改性酚醛树脂及其玻璃布层压板的研究

本文以THEIC、苯酚、甲醛等为原料,合成一种新型的改性酚醛树脂,并以这种树脂为基础制得了玻璃布层压板。文中用IR、HPLC表征改性酚醛树脂的结构,用DSC和TBA研究了树脂固化反应过程。对玻璃布层压板制备过程中的工艺参数进行了讨论,研究了玻璃布层,医板在酸、碱、及其它化学介质中的腐蚀行为。性能测试表明,改性酚醛树脂玻璃布层压板的热态机械性能优异,综合性能较好,成本较低,是一种具有开发价值的新型F级绝缘材料和结构材料。     

发电机定子端部支架用高强度耐热型层压板的研制

本研究用自制树脂中间体、环氧树脂、胺类促进剂合成一种耐热树脂,并用该耐热树脂制备玻璃纤维层压板。通过对玻璃纤维层压板的机械性能和电气性能进行测试,结果表明,J0995高强度耐热型层压玻璃布板完全满足发电机端部支架的技术要求。     

THEIC／三聚氰胺／酚甲醛共缩聚树脂合成及在层压制品中的应用

THEIC、三聚氰胺、酚甲醛共缩聚反应得到新型的热固性树脂(MPT树脂),其耐热温度指数大于200℃。以MPT树脂为基础的玻璃布层压板成型工艺易于实施,层压板具有优良的电绝缘性能和综合性能,可作为一种通用型的F级绝缘材料和耐高温结构材料使用。     

新型双马型聚酰亚胺共聚树脂及其玻璃布层压板

本文以二烯丙基双酚 A 增韧双马来酰亚胺树脂,制得了一种新型双马型聚酰亚胺共聚树脂,并以这种树脂为基础制备了玻璃布层压板。用 DSC、DTA 等方法及凝胶时间考察了树脂的固化行为,用 TGA 考察了树脂的快速热老化行为,并测试了玻璃布层压板的性能。结果表明,该树脂固化过程中粘度变化缓慢,压制工艺范围宽,易于操作,用凝胶时间算得其固化过程表观活化能为40.91kJ/mol。固化后的树脂在空气中起始失重温度在290℃以上,耐热温度指数为225℃,具有较好的热氧稳定性。以这种树脂为基础制得的玻璃布层压板具有优良的机械性能和电性能,尤其在200℃时能保留较高的机械强度,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度均可保持常态强度的78％以上。同时,在高温下层压板仍然保持良好的电气性能,可望作为 C 级电绝缘材料得到应用。     

环境友好型无卤阻燃苯并(噁)嗪树脂玻璃布层压板的研制

以自制的磷腈阻燃剂与氢氧化铝复配协效阻燃苯并(噁)嗪树脂,制备出了一种不含锑、铅、汞、镉、六价铬和卤素的环境友好型无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板,研究了阻燃剂对板材性能的影响,确定了复配阻燃剂的最佳配比.结果表明:当磷腈阻燃剂的质量分数为5%、氢氧化铝的质量分数为10%时,层压板阻燃性可达到UL-94V-0级,平行层向击穿电压可...     

无卤阻燃环氧玻璃布层压板的研制

以酚醛环氧树脂与改性环氧树脂为基体树脂,4,4'-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)为固化剂,制备了无卤阻燃环氧玻璃布层压板,并对其力学性能、电气绝缘性能、燃烧性能、耐热性能及卤素含量进行测试与分析。结果表明:制备的无卤阻燃环氧玻璃布层压板产品力学性能优异,玻璃化转变温度达到172℃,相比电痕化指数达到CTI600,耐电弧时间达到180 s,阻燃性能达到UL94 V-0级且不含卤素,适合作为无卤阻燃型结构材料和电气绝缘材料。     

Discharge energy and dc tracking resistance of organic insulatingmaterials

As an evaluation test method for surface insulation degradation of organic insulating materials, the tracking test method is described in IEC Publ.112 as a safe and reliable evaluation. This publication has now been applied to the material selection. Due to the fact that the experimental values of the comparative tracking index (CTI), have wide variations, problems in reliability testing are abundant. In this paper, the correlation is investigated between discharge energy and tracking resistance of organic insulating materials. The test method resembles the IEC Publ.112 method, but with the application of dc voltages. The number of drops to tracking failure was measured with samples of paper based phenolic laminate, polybutylene terephthalate and epoxy resin. Discharge currents were detected when discharge occurred on the sample surface. A Gaussian wavelet analysis was applied to show energy levels of discharge currents. It was found that the tendency of discharge energy on organic insulating materials corresponded to the CTI of dc tracking resistance, and the results were an improvement on the IEC Publ.112 method for grading materials. The tracking resistance of organic insulating materials could be deduced from the discharge energy     

Effects of atmospheric pressure on DC resistance to tracking of polymer insulating materials

Polymer insulating materials are required for use in high altitude regions. For the use of polymer insulating materials in such regions, it must be confirmed whether the resistance to tracking at high altitudes is different from that at altitudes near the sea level. In this paper, an artificial atmospheric chamber was set up to investigate the resistance to tracking on a polymer insulating surface at DC voltage application under a reduced pressure. The tests were carried out in accordance with IEC 60112. The test results showed that the dependences of the resistance to tracking for polymer insulating materials upon the decrease in ambient pressure could be classified into three types. One type is for paper-based phenolic laminate and polycarbonate, where the resistance increases with the decreasing ambient pressure; the second is for polybutylene terephthalate where the resistance decreases with the decreasing ambient pressure; the last type is for epoxy resin where the resistance is almost independent of the decrease in the pressure. A Gaussian wavelet analysis was applied to discharge currents to discuss correlations among the resistance to tracking, the discharge energy level and the ambient pressure. It was found that the data of resistance to tracking with some of the materials obtained at altitudes near sea level are inadequate for use in a high-altitude environment. Problems may occur with respect to the safety and reliability of polymer insulating materials when the DC resistance to tracking decreases under low-pressure conditions.     

Electrical Insulation Performance of Paper–Ice Composite Insulation System at Cryogenic Temperature

In recent years, research on the development of high-temperature superconducting cables has advanced. The application of a composite insulating system made of insulating paper-liquid nitrogen has been studied as an electrical insulating system for high-temperature superconducting cables. In paper-liquid nitrogen composite insulating systems developed on the basis of conventional techniques, microscopic bubbles easily remain inside the paper, and the partial discharge are supposed to occur easily. In order to overcome this drawback, we formulated a paper-ice composite insulating system as a substitute for the paper-LN₂ of the cryogenic electrical insulating system in high-temperature superconducting cables. In this study, the breakdown strength, partial discharge, V-t characteristics, effect of pressure on breakdown characteristics, and the self-healing breakdown characteristics of a paper-ice composite insulating system were investigated in order to understand the basic properties of new insulating materials for applications to high-temperature superconducting cables. As a result, it was clarified that the AC breakdown strength of paper-ice composite insulating system was higher than that of paper-liquid nitrogen insulating system, and that of paper-ice composite insulating system exhibited a self-healing type. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

上324F级环氧玻纤布层压板的研制

本文介绍了最近开发成功的一种新型F级耐高温层压板，研究了环氧树脂胶粘剂的合成，层压板的制造工艺及其性能，并与国外同类产品进行了对比对比，结果表明，它具有粘接强度、浸水后绝缘电阻及耐电压、电温机械强度高等特性，可用作大型高压电机、输变电设备以及核电工程、低温高真空工程中绝缘结构材料，尤其适用于高电压、高温、高机械强度的工作环境。     

纳米绝缘油交流击穿特性分析

绝缘油填充于各型变压器、电力电容器等充油电力设备中,起绝缘、导热、灭弧等作用,在电力系统中有着广泛地应用。随着输电电压等级的不断提高,对绝缘油提出了更高的要求,因此提高绝缘油性能,对中国特高压发展具有重要意义。由于纳米粒子的尺寸效应,传统的小桥击穿理论可能将不再适用,为改善绝缘油的性能提供了新的途径。笔者研究了纳米绝缘油的制备方法,并对不同质量分数纳米粒子的绝缘油进行了交流击穿电压实验。研究结果表明,适当质量分数的纳米粒子能有效地改善绝缘油的交流击穿特性。应用纳米粒子球形介质极化模型,计算了粒子表面产生的势阱,并指出了纳米粒子改善绝缘油击穿特性和添加纳米粒子过多导致绝缘油的击穿性能降低的原因。     

温度对植物绝缘油纸介电响应特性的影响

本文分析了大豆油基植物绝缘油和棕榈油基植物绝缘油的相对介电常数、介质损耗因数、体积电阻率等参数,在不同温度下测试了两种植物油纸绝缘系统的频域介电谱。结果表明:两种不同油基的植物绝缘油相对介电常数不同;黏度低的植物绝缘油极化损耗更强;植物绝缘油的极性越强,体积电阻率越低,电导率越高;温度对植物油纸绝缘的频域介电谱曲线有较大的影响,温度升高使频域介电谱曲线向高频方向平移。     

The thermal conductivity of electrical-insulating materials and insulation systems

The thermal conductivity of several electrical-insulating materials used in the insulation systems for windings in turbogenerators and hydroelectric generators, as well as of the Monolith-2 insulation system, was studied using the DTC-300 setup. A collector micaceous stratum (KIFE-A), carbon fiber, glass-fiber laminate with a semiconductor filler (STEF-P), epoxy (DER-438), PK-11 compound in a mixture with ED- 20 resin, and prepreg materials, which are also used for fastening windings when laying them down in a groove, have been studied. The temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of the studied materials show a linear behavior in the relatively low range from room temperature to +150°C. The temperature distribution over the thickness of the plate that imitates insulation in a groove of an electric machine has been determined. It has been shown that a drop in the temperature between the heat source and the outer surface is a tenth of a degree. The temperature distribution in the groove with a length of 1.5 m and venting channels placed every 50 mm with two insulating rods with different means of fastening rods and insulation thicknesses has been studied using a model of a hydroelectric generator stator (U_w = 13.8 kV, power of 70 MW, Monolith-2 insulation).     

环保型生物可降解绝缘材料的研究

由石油化工原料生产的绝缘材料很难自然降解,废弃后造成环境的严重污染.为解决此类问题,有人提出将生物可降解材料用作电气绝缘材料的设想,并对其可行性进行了理论和实验上的探索.文章综合论述了生物可降解材料聚乳酸(PLA)的可降解性能、电气性能,探讨了其用作绝缘材料的可行性,并预测了今后绝缘材料的发展方向.     

环保型覆铜板的开发

本文阐述了取代卤素锑系阻燃覆铜板新的阻燃体系,以及环保型酚醛纸基覆铜板（FR－1,FR－2）,环氧玻璃布基覆铜析（FR－4）,复合基覆铜板的开发思路和发达国家对相关标准的制定情况。     

耐高温无卤阻燃绝缘多层复合材料的研制

以云母纸为介电材料,聚酰亚胺薄膜和玻璃布为增强材料,改性有机硅压敏胶为胶粘剂制备了耐高温无卤阻燃绝缘多层复合材料。测试结果表明,多层复合材料具有良好的绝缘性能、阻燃性、拉伸强度和柔软性,且温度对其绝缘性能影响较小,在200℃时仍具有较高的绝缘性能,可广泛应用于绕包绝缘、衬垫绝缘和填充绝缘等绝缘制品领域中,赋予电气设备良好的可靠性和安全性。