基于小波变换和光照补偿的人脸识别方法

针对光照对人脸识别影响的问题,提出一种结合小波变换和光照补偿的人脸识别方法。该方法首先利用离散小波变换将人脸图像的低频子带和高频子带分离,在小波变换的低频子带上分别进行直方图均衡化和对数变换,将处理后的低频子带进行融合构成新的低频子带。接着对高频子带进行阈值去噪后乘以一个标量,构成新的高频子带。最后利用小波逆变换重构出新的人脸图像并利用PCA算法进行识别。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地削弱光照的影响,提高人脸识别率。     

复杂光照条件下的人脸识别方法

在人脸识别增加真实性的研究中,为了提高在光照条件变化时人脸图像的识别率,并加快运行速度,提出了一种基于小波变换域的光照处理与识别方法.由于光照对低频信息的影响较小,且低频信息在人脸识别中起到最主要作用,通过对人脸的低频逼近图像进行光照处理,采用局部二元模式来表征光照处理后的低频图像,将得到的局部二元模式特征作为人脸的鉴别特征用于分类与识别.根据YaleB、Extended YaleB人脸库的实验结果表明,在复杂的光照条件下识别率高达96%,与传统方法相比,取得了更好的识别结果.     

基于小波和余弦变换的神经网络人脸识别法

提出了利用小波变换和余弦变换与 BP 神经网络相结合的人脸识别方法。将人脸图像归一化后进行小波变换,再用余弦变换对低频信号提取特征向量,达到降维和去除干扰的目的,并把特征向量送进 BP 神经网络训练。识别时,对人脸图像进行相同的变换后,送入神经网络进行辨别。实验结果表明,该算法优于传统的人脸识别法。     

基于光照归一化分块完备LBP特征的人脸识别

针对复杂光照条件下的人脸识别,提出了一种基于光照归一化分块完备局部二值模式（B-CLBP）特征的人脸识别算法。该方法对人脸图像进行光照归一化预处理,对处理后的人脸图像进行B-CLBP特征提取,融合成B-CLBP直方图,根据最近邻准则进行分类识别。在Extended Yale B人脸库上的实验结果表明,所提算法可以有效提高复杂光照条件下的人脸识别率。     

基于FABEMD的变化光照下人脸识别方法

在光照变化的环境下,人脸识别因受到光照强度和方向的非线性干扰而变得困难重重。在人脸局部区域,光照的变化比较缓慢,而皮肤对光照的反射率特征变化比较快,可以认为光照变化是低频信号,而人脸本质特征是高频信号。FABEMD是一种快速自适应的BEMD（Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition,二维经验模式分解）方法,它能够将图像分解为不同尺度的高频图像和低频图像,高频图像代表了人脸皮肤细节纹理特征,而低频图像则代表了轮廓特征。但是并不能定量判别什么样的高频信号以及多少高频信号能够用来消除光照影响,所以提出了两种衡量高频细节信息量的方法,将这些信息量的相对值来推算融合不同尺度的高频信号权重系数。基于Yale B人脸数据库的实验数据证明了所提方法能够取得很好的识别效果。     

基于深度学习与二维离散小波分解特征相融合的adaboost人脸识别模型

为了提高人脸识别的效率,本文提出了一种将小波分析、深度学习和adaboost分类器相结合的人脸识别方法。传统的基于小波变换的人脸识别算法仅仅提取了小波分解的低频分量用于分类图像的特征,为了更有效地提取人脸图像特征,提出了一种将传统特征和深度特征相融合的人脸识别算法。首先,通过二维离散小波变换函数对人脸图像进行二维离散小波变换,提取出人脸图像的低频部分作为特征值,接着通过深度残差网络提取人脸深度特征,最后将融合后的特征应用adaboost分类器进行分类识别。通过在ORL人脸库实验证明,融合后的方法能有效地提高分类识别率。     

小波变换和特征加权融合的人脸识别

在人脸识别领域,提取人脸特征和降低维数是人脸识别的关键。传统的基于小波变换的人脸识别算法仅在小波分解的低频分量上提取用于分类的图像特征,造成了高频分量中部分对识别有利信息的丢失。为了更有效地提取人脸图像特征,提出一种基于小波变换和特征加权融合的人脸识别算法。首先通过小波变换对人脸图像进行降维处理,然后对4个小波子图分别运用主成分分析法(PCA)提取特征,并把这4部分特征加权融合,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)进行分类识别。在ORL人脸库上进行实验验证,识别准确率可达到97.5%,实验结果表明该算法能够有效提高人脸识别能力,与传统识别算法相比具有较高的识别准确率和识别速度。     

基于稀疏表示与小波特征的人脸识别分层框架

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别研究,非线性特征的选择研究较少。提出分层使用人脸图像的小波特征,进行稀疏表示人脸识别框架。框架首先对样本人脸进行小波变换,构造小波低频和小波高频过完备人脸字典;识别阶段首先使用人脸图像的小波低频特征进行稀疏表示,计算类别模糊稀疏,然后根据模糊系数输出类别标签或进行高频特征的稀疏表示与识别。实验结果表明,基于小波特征和稀疏表示的人脸识别分层框架提高了识别的准确率,且对遮挡很鲁棒。     

基于模糊积分的不完全小波包子空间集成人脸识别

提出一种基于模糊积分的不完全小波包子空间集成人脸识别方法,并与五种相关方法进行实验比较.首先对人脸图像做不完全小波包分解,对双向低频子空间图像直接进行特征提取,对含有一个方向低频成分的高频子空间图像先求平均,再进行提取特征;然后用得到的不同子空间图像训练模糊分类器;最后用模糊积分融合训练的模糊分类器.该方法能够充分利用不同频率小波子空间图像中包含的有用信息,从而提高人脸识别的精度.在ORL、YALE、JAFFE和FERET这4个人脸数据库上进行实验,实验结果表明该方法在识别精度方面均优于五种相关方法.     

融合NSCT和自适应平滑的光照不变量提取算法

为了更好地解决光照变化对人脸识别系统的干扰问题,提出一种融合了NSCT和自适应平滑的算法,以提取带有更多人脸结构信息的光照不变量.首先用NSCT分解对数域人脸图像,并对各高频子带进行NormalShrink阈值滤波;再将滤波后的高频子带和未经处理的低频子带进行逆NSCT处理得到人脸图像的模糊图像;然后对NSCT分解后的低频子带使用自适应平滑提取出低频子带中的人脸细节信息;最后结合该人脸细节信息和模糊图像进行计算,得到人脸图像的光照不变量.该不变量有效地弥补了NSCT方法中缺乏低频子带中的人脸细节信息的不足,提高了人脸信息的利用率.在Yale B和CMU PIE人脸库上的实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地消除光照变化的影响,具有更优的人脸识别性能,提高人脸识别系统的光照鲁棒性.     

Illumination invariant extraction for face recognition using neighboring wavelet coefficients

The features of a face can change drastically as the illumination changes. In contrast to pose position and expression, illumination changes present a much greater challenge to face recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet based approach that considers the correlation of neighboring wavelet coefficients to extract an illumination invariant. This invariant represents the key facial structure needed for face recognition. Our method has better edge preserving ability in low frequency illumination fields and better useful information saving ability in high frequency fields using wavelet based NeighShrink denoise techniques. This method proposes different process approaches for training images and testing images since these images always have different illuminations. More importantly, by having different processes, a simple processing algorithm with low time complexity can be applied to the testing image. This leads to an easy application to real face recognition systems. Experimental results on Yale face database B and CMU PIE Face Database show that excellent recognition rates can be achieved by the proposed method.     

Multiscale facial structure representation for face recognition under varying illumination

Facial structure of face image under lighting lies in multiscale space. In order to detect and eliminate illumination effect, a wavelet-based face recognition method is proposed in this paper. In this work, the effect of illuminations is effectively reduced by wavelet-based denoising techniques, and meanwhile the multiscale facial structure is generated. Among others, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it can be directly applied to single face image, without any prior information of 3D shape or light sources, nor many training samples; (2) due to the multiscale nature of wavelet transform, it has better edge-preserving ability in low frequency illumination fields; and (3) the parameter selection process is computationally feasible and fast. Experiments are carried out upon the Yale B and CMU PIE face databases, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves satisfactory recognition rates under varying illumination conditions.     

结合分块DCT系数及其统计特征的人脸识别

提出了一种基于分块DCT系数及其统计特征的人脸识别算法。对图像进行分块,对每一块进行DCT变换,选择低频部分的系数作为识别的特征,将每一块分解为一幅低通滤波图和一个包含DCT高频系数的反L型块;分别对这两块求其均值、方差和熵这三个统计特征;利用支持向量机(SVM)和最近邻分类器对这些特征进行分类识别。在ORL、Yale人脸数据库上的仿真实验表明,使用基于分块DCT系数及其统计特征可达到较高的识别率。     

CLAHE优化低频DCT系数重变换的鲁棒人脸识别

针对光照、表情、姿态、遮挡等变化显著影响人脸识别系统性能的问题,提出了基于限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化（CLAHE）的低频离散余弦变换（DCT）系数重变换算法。将图像划分成多个互不重叠的局部小块,使用CLAHE对每个局部小块进行局部对比拉伸以实现去噪,通过缩减适当数目的低频DCT系数来消除人脸图像中的光照变化;利用核主成分分析进行特征提取,采用K-最近邻分类器以完成最终的人脸识别。在ORL、扩展YaleB和AR人脸数据库上的实验验证了所提算法的有效性和鲁棒性,实验结果表明,相比其他几种较为先进的人脸识别技术,所提算法取得了更高的识别率,同时大大降低了识别所用时间。     

一种人脸图像光照补偿的新方法

光照的变化容易引起人脸识别率急剧下降,针对这一难题,提出一种新的光照补偿的方法.首先通过构造原人脸图的二值图,确定出原图所属的光源方向.在除正面光源外的每个光源方向上构造出通用的平均亮度差值来进行光照补偿.结合去掉三个特征值最大的PCA特征向量的方法进行识别.实验表明,这种方法能够显著提高光照变化条件下的人脸识别率,特别是对于光照条件大范围变化的情况,也可以得到比较高的正确识别率.     

Face recognition under arbitrary illumination using illuminated exemplars

Recently, the importance of face recognition has been increasingly emphasized since popular CCD cameras are distributed to various applications. However, facial images are dramatically changed by lighting variations, so that facial appearance changes caused serious performance degradation in face recognition. Many researchers have tried to overcome these illumination problems using diverse approaches, which have required a multiple registered images per person or the prior knowledge of lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose a new method for face recognition under arbitrary lighting conditions, given only a single registered image and training data under unknown illuminations. Our proposed method is based on the illuminated exemplars which are synthesized from photometric stereo images of training data. The linear combination of illuminated exemplars can represent the new face and the weighted coefficients of those illuminated exemplars are used as identity signature. We make experiments for verifying our approach and compare it with two traditional approaches. As a result, higher recognition rates are reported in these experiments using the illumination subset of Max-Planck Institute face database and Korean face database.     

A novel illumination-robust face recognition using statistical and non-statistical method

This paper proposes a novel illumination-robust face recognition technique that combines the statistical global illumination transformation and the non-statistical local face representation methods. When a new face image with arbitrary illumination is given, it is transformed into a number of face images exhibiting different illuminations using a statistical bilinear model-based indirect illumination transformation. Each illumination transformed image is then represented by a histogram sequence that concatenates the histograms of the non-statistical multi-resolution uniform local Gabor binary patterns (MULGBP) for all the local regions. This is facilitated by dividing the input image into several regular local regions, converting each local region using several Gabor filters, and converting each Gabor filtered region image into multi-resolution local binary patterns (MULBP). Finally, face recognition is performed by a simple histogram matching process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed face recognition method is highly robust to illumination variation as exhibited in the real environment.     

基于PCA与残差补偿的人脸超分辨率算法

提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)与相似递归残差补偿的人脸超分辨率算法。基于PCA获得高低分辨率人脸图像特征空间的映射系数,通过该系数重建初步的高分辨率人脸图像。利用高低分辨率人脸图像空间同一区域图像块的内容相似性,递归计算残差补偿图像。采用该残差图像对初步重建的全局人脸进行细节补偿。实验结果表明,该算法的重建效果较优。     

基于形态Haar小波变换的多聚焦图像融合

针对多聚焦图像融合问题,提出一种基于形态Haar小波分解和重构的新方法。通过形态Haar小波分解源图像,在低频分量中保留图像边缘和细节,并采用加权平均法进行融合。高频分量先经Gauss滤波去除噪声和边缘效应,再按取大值的原则进行融合。结合形态Haar小波重构融合后的高低频系数获得融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法能最大限度地保留图像边缘和细节信息,与总体平均法和小波变换法相比,融合图像的熵较大,总体交叉熵较小。     

Local histogram specification for face recognition under varying lighting conditions

High frequency illumination and low frequency face features bring difficulties for most of the state-of-the-art face image preprocessors. In this paper, we propose two methods based on Local Histogram Specification (LHS) to preprocess face images under varying lighting conditions. The proposed methods are able to significantly remove both the low and high frequency parts of illumination on face images, as well as enhance face features lying in the low frequency part. Specifically, we first apply a high-pass filter on a face image to filter the low frequency illumination. Then, local histograms and local histogram statistics are learned from normal lighting images. In our first method, LHS is applied on the entire image. By contrast, in the second method, the regions contain high frequency illumination and weak face features on a face image are identified by local histogram statistics, before LHS is applied on these regions to eliminate high frequency illumination and enhance weak face features. Experimental results on the CMU PIE, Extended Yale B and CAS-PEAL-R1 databases demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.