同时蒸馏萃取芹菜籽油的工艺

用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)提取芹菜籽中的芹菜籽油,通过正交试验,确定同时蒸馏萃取芹菜籽油的最佳工艺组合,即破碎60目、液料比9倍、浸泡8 h后,同时蒸馏萃取8h,各因素对提取结果影响的程度依次为:蒸馏时间>破碎程度>液料比>浸泡时间.     

同时蒸馏萃取树莓叶片中挥发油的工艺研究

通过单因素实验得出影响同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)技术对树莓叶片中挥发油提取效果的相关因素包括物料粒径、原料是否浸泡、原料是否加盐、同时蒸馏萃取时间、料液比等。通过正交实验,确定了同时蒸馏萃取树莓叶片中挥发油的适宜工艺组合:即破碎60目(0.3mm)、液料比8∶1、浸泡10h后同时蒸馏萃取8h,各因素对提取结果影响的程度依次为:蒸馏时间>破碎程度>液料比>浸泡时间。     

大蒜挥发油提取工艺的优化研究

采用L9(34)正交试验法,研究大蒜挥发油最优提取工艺。以挥发油得率为指标,以发酵温度、料液比、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间为研究因素,在单因素试验的基础上,进行正交试验。结果：影响大蒜挥发油提取的最主要因素为蒸馏时间,其次为加水量、发酵温度、浸泡时间。最佳提取工艺条件为：发酵温度35℃,料液比1:3.5(m/V),浸泡4h,提取2h。此提取工艺简便易行,在此最佳提取工艺条件下提取率为0.35%。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角精油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料,选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验,比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率,测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量,计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,不同的蒸馏时间极显著（P < 0.01）影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）,不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响（P > 0.05）。以提取率和提取量为参数,水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为: 八角粉碎粒度40目,浸泡32 h,料液比1:10,蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料,选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验,比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率,测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量,计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为:蒸馏时间粉碎粒度料液比浸泡时间,且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著(P 0.05)。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为:蒸馏时间粉碎粒度料液比浸泡时间,不同的蒸馏时间极显著(P 0. 01)影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著(P0.05),不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响(P0. 05)。以提取率和提取量为参数,水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为:八角粉碎粒度40目,浸泡32 h,料液比1:10,蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。     

肉桂挥发油提取工艺研究

本文对肉桂挥发油的提取工艺进行了优化研究,以肉桂粉为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法,在单因素试验结果与分析的基础上,以挥发油体积为指标,以水料比(A)、浸泡时间(B)、蒸馏时间(C)为因素进行正交试验,研究确定了提取肉桂挥发油的最佳工艺。试验结果表明,各因素影响挥发油提取的程度由大到小依次为水料比、蒸馏时间、浸泡时间;提取的最佳工艺参数为水料比12倍、浸泡时间2h、蒸馏时间3h。通过验证试验表明,所选的最佳提取工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

正交试验法优选沙枣花精油提取条件

以挥发油得率为指标,优选沙枣花精油的提取工艺。采用水蒸气蒸馏,正交试验和单因素试验相结合。最佳提取条件为沙枣花阴干捏碎后,料液比1∶10,浸泡4h,提取6h,蒸馏速度150mL/h,氯化钠浓度2%。蒸馏速度和提取时间为最主要影响因素,其次是料液比、氯化钠浓度,最后是浸提时间。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取澳洲坚果叶精油工艺

研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法对澳洲坚果叶精油进行提取,以精油提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,最终得出水蒸气蒸馏法提取澳洲坚果叶精油的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1︰5 (g/mL)、NaCl质量浓度2.5 g/100 mL、蒸馏时间3 h。且各因素对精油提取率的影响程度大小排序为:料液比蒸馏时间NaCl质量浓度。     

小茴香挥发油提取工艺优化及抗氧化研究

以小茴香为试验对象,以水蒸气蒸馏法提取小茴香精油。采用正交试验法对工艺进行优化,以挥发油提取率为指标,对料液比、粉碎粒度、浸泡时间和蒸馏时间4个因素进行考察,并初步评价小茴香挥发油的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺参数为料液比1∶25,粉碎粒度100目,浸泡时间1h,蒸馏时间6h,在此蒸馏条件下小茴香的出油率为3.64%。体外抗氧化活性试验结果表明:小茴香挥发油的总还原能力、羟自由基清除率和DDPH·清除率与浓度呈正相关,抗氧化活性效果良好。     

柏树叶精油提取及抑菌活性研究

采用超声辅助-盐析-水蒸气蒸馏法对柏树叶精油进行提取,通过单因素及正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。考察料液比、NaCl溶液质量分数、浸泡时间、超声时间等因素对精油提取率的影响。结果表明:柏树叶精油超声辅助-盐析-水蒸气蒸馏法的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶20(g/mL)、NaCl质量分数4%、超声时间50 min、浸泡时间4 h。抑菌试验证实:柏树叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、沙门氏菌均有抑菌作用。其中,对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最佳,最小抑菌浓度为80μL/mL;金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度为100μL/mL。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press