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纳米粒子及其在复合材料改性中的应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
介绍了纳米粒子的一些优异特性和表面改性的方法,并详细阐述了纳米粒子充聚合物聚合材料的主要制备方法,研究进展及其良好性能。 相似文献
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纳米材料在聚合物摩擦学中的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
通过比较纳米粒子与微米颗粒在改性聚合物摩擦学方面的差异,对纳米材料在改性聚合物摩擦学方面的研究进行综述,并对这类材料的研究方向提出建议。 相似文献
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纳米SiO2颗粒粒径小、比表面积大,广泛用做填料、涂料、催化剂等。由于纳米SiO2颗粒表面能高、亲水性强、易团聚、在聚合物基体中的分散性差,需要对其表面修饰改性。多巴胺(DA)分子具有类似贻贝分泌的黏附蛋白的结构单元儿茶酚和活性基团氨基,在碱性条件下,通过氧化自聚可在多种材料表面沉积,形成富含活性基团的聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆层,可进行二次修饰,是近期发展的一种新型表面修饰方法。本文针对纳米SiO2颗粒表面的PDA功能化修饰,分析了该修饰方法的工艺特点及优势,阐述了SiO2@PDA纳米颗粒及SiO2/PDA共聚复合颗粒的制备路线及应用,总结了SiO2@PDA颗粒表面二次功能化修饰的研究进展。分析表明,SiO2@PDA表面易于接枝功能化聚合物分子,并可负载功能纳米颗粒,有利于拓展SiO2纳米颗粒的多功能应用。关于多巴胺与SiO2纳米颗粒的表面反应机制、沉积动力学、聚合机理等仍需进一步研究。 相似文献
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采用自由基接枝聚合法,将不同极性的单体修饰在黑色无机颜料颗粒表面,以紫外透光率法为主要表征手段,考察了聚合物包覆层的组成结构对颗粒在电泳体系中分散稳定性的影响. 结果表明,聚合物修饰后颗粒稳定时间至少提高5倍,且随所用包覆单体侧链长度增大而增大. 当单体支链的碳原子数大于4时,颗粒能很好地长时间分散在非水体系中. 所制黑白电泳显示器在5 V电压下,响应时间小于1 s,对比度达(4~5):1. 本结果为提高缺乏理论研究的电泳显示体系的分散稳定性和电泳显示效果及使用寿命提供了研究基础. 相似文献
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聚合物乳液法表面修饰改性Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨了一种聚合物乳液在机械搅拌下,改性修饰Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,制备Fe3O4-聚合物复合粒子的方法。含羧基基团的柔软的聚合物乳胶粒子在机械搅拌作用下,与Fe3O4纳米粒子碰撞,变形,并通过物理粘附及羧基活性基团的化学吸附作用来包覆Fe3O4纳米粒子。在透射电子显微镜下可看到Fe3O4粒径约为5~20 nm,被聚合物包覆,虽存在团聚,但团聚体尺寸也仅100 nm左右,且团聚体中的Fe3O4纳米粒子也为聚合物隔开,纳米粒子得到了良好的分散。通过红外、热失重、接触角等的测试分析,进一步证实乳液聚合物对Fe3O4纳米粒子实现了表面修饰。实验结果表明,改性用聚合物的Tg以及复合温度是影响聚合物对Fe3O4纳米粒子包覆的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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Jing Zhang Hongwei Han Sheng Xu Sujuan Wu Conghua Zhou Ying Yang Xingzhong Zhao 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(2):1369-1375
A quasi-solid-state electrolyte for the dye-sensitized solar cells was prepared following the phase inversion process. The microporous polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) hybrid with different amount of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared. The surface morphologies, the differential scanning calorimetry, and the ionic conductivity of the microporous polymer electrolyte were tested and analyzed. The results indicated that the microporous polymer electrolyte with TiO2 nanoparticles modification exhibited better ionic conductivity compared with the original P(VDF-HFP) polymer electrolyte. The optimal ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm−1 is obtained with the 30 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles modification. When assembled with the 30 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles modified quasi-solid-state electrolyte, the dye-sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline solar cell exhibited the light to electricity conversion efficiency of 2.465% at light intensity of 42.6 mW cm−2, much better than the performance of original P(VDF-HFP) microporous polymer electrolyte DSSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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León D. Pérez Juan F. López Víctor H. Orozco Thein Kyu Betty L. López 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2009,111(5):2229-2237
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM‐41) with an average diameter of ~ 20 nm were synthesized by a sol‐gel method using binary surfactant system. Polystyrene (PS) composites containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles were prepared by in situ polymerization of styrene monomers. Similar in situ polymerized PS composites were prepared based on the modified silica functionalized with methyl and vinyl groups. The effects of silylation on thermal and rheological properties of the PS/silica composites are investigated. Of particular importance is that the in situ polymerization of monomers within the mesoporous silica may trap some polymer chains, if not all, thereby affording a greater physical interaction between polymer and the porous fillers, whereas the chemical modification of silica surface promotes the polymer–filler interaction, which in turn enhances the thermal stability of composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
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减摩耐磨用无机颗粒/高分子复合材料研究的进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
综述了减摩抗磨用无机颗粒/高分子复合材料的最新研究进展,重点阐述了不同类型无机颗粒的作用机理及其对复合材料最终性能的影响,指出这类材料的发展趋势在于应用纳米填料,通过发展适当的分散技术,同时加强粒子与基体的结合,有可能克服现有微米颗粒复合材料中存在的缺点,全面提高复合材料的综合性能。 相似文献
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We report on an efficient and environmentally friendly means to modify surface properties of polymer films supported for nanoparticles. Ultrathin polystyrene (PS) films (<300 Å), in which inorganic nanoparticles were embedded, were exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The swollen structure was then preserved by quickly evaporating CO2. X-ray reflectivity (XR) results showed that this procedure produced polymeric nanocomposite films with a low-density region of about 150Å at the polymer/air interface. The formation of the low-density layer was independent of the nature of the particles, indicating that the surface modification through exposure to scCO2 may be a universal phenomenon regardless of a choice of nanoparticles. 相似文献