Indium Tin Oxide@Carbon Core-Shell Nanowire and Jagged Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire

This paper reports two new indium tin oxide (ITO)-based nanostructures, namely ITO@carbon core–shell nanowire and jagged ITO nanowire. The ITO@carbon core–shell nanowires (~50 nm in diameter, 1–5 μm in length,) were prepared by a chemical vapor deposition process from commercial ITO nanoparticles. A carbon overlayer (~5–10 in thickness) was observed around ITO nanowire core, which was in situ formed by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene gas. This carbon overlayer could be easily removed after calcination in air at an elevated temperature of 700°C, thus forming jagged ITO nanowires (~40–45 nm in diameter). The growth mechanisms of ITO@carbon core–shell nanowire and jagged ITO nanowire were also suggested.     

有机金属先驱体分解制备铟和氧化铟纳米颗粒

介绍了有机金属先驱体In(η5-C5H5)分解制备铟(In)和氧化铟(In2O3)纳米颗粒的实验方法,并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察制备的In和In2O3纳米颗粒的微观结构.     

Synthesis and Electrical Characterization of the Polymorphic Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystalline Powders

Nanocrystalline powders of two indium tin oxide (ITO) polymorphs—rhombohedral and cubic—were prepared by a co-precipitation process. The temperature and aging time of precipitates after co-precipitation were controlled to obtain selectively the two different crystal structures. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the powders. The electrical conductivity of the two ITO powders was determined by the powder solution composite method. The conductivities obtained were 0.26±0.04 and 0.65±0.17 S/cm for the rhombohedral and cubic ITO samples, respectively, the first such report for the rhombohedral phase.     

F掺杂SnO2纳米粉体的燃烧合成

以金属锡和HF为原料采用燃烧合成法合成得到了F掺杂SnO2纳米颗粒。燃烧反应中甘氨酸为燃料,硝酸为氧化剂。采用XRD,BET,TEM和EDS等分析手段对合成得到的FTO进行了表征。结果显示,F的掺杂促进了SnO2基体晶粒的长大,所得到的粉体团聚较少,呈单分散状态。     

应用超临界流体干燥技术制备纳米锑掺杂氧化锡的研究

以无机盐SnCl4·5H2O,SbCl3为起始原料,以乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)粒子.在洗涤除去醇凝胶中的NH+和Cl-后,尝试将超临界流体干燥(Supercritical Fluid Drying,SCFD)技术应用于醇凝胶的干燥.醇凝胶干粉经过高温烧结后,制得了疏松结构的纳米ATO粉体.采用XRD、TG/DSC、FESEM、TEM等分析方法对制得的前驱体干粉、纳米ATO粒子进行表征.XRD结果表明,采用溶胶.凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制得了疏松的、四方型金红石结构的纳米ATO粉体,纳米ATO晶化程度高,并随着烧结温度的升高而升高.TG/DSC分析显示,600℃时前驱体分解完全,得到约78.2%的ATO粒子.从FESEM及TEM照片可以看出,疏松的纳米ATO粒子轻微地贴在一起,粒子的粒径在25 nm左右.经过对超临界CO2干燥技术(SCFD)消除前驱体粒子团聚的机理进行分析,揭示了采用超临界CO2流体干燥醇凝胶能够使前驱体粒子保持松敝的结构.因此采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体技术制得疏松的前驱体干粉,对最终获得粒径小、低团聚、分散性好的纳米ATO粉体的至关重要.     

铟锡氧化物陶瓷靶的现状

详细论述了铟锡氧化物陶瓷靶(ITO陶瓷靶)的生产工艺性能要求 ,重点介绍了利用ITO陶瓷靶生产的电子溅射产品———ITO透明导电膜玻璃的应用前景。     

Rapid and Continuous Hydrothermal Crystallization of Metal Oxide Particles in Supercritical Water

Hydrolysis of 10 metal salt aqueous solutions of 6 metal oxides was conducted in supercritical water. Continuous and rapid production of metal oxide fine particles was achieved by mixing a metal salt aqueous solution with preheated water fed from another line. The reaction time required was less than 2 min. Particle size, morphology, and crystal structure of the obtained metal (hydrous) oxides were examined. Particle size (20 to 600 nm) was different among the systems but the size range was relatively narrow in all the cases.     

介孔氧化硅材料组装纳米氧化锡的研究

采用水热晶化法一步合成了掺杂不同锡含量(以n(Si)/n(Sn)表示)的介孔结构氧化硅(MPS)复合材料.通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM、UV-Vis等分析测试技术对样品的结构进行表征.结果表明,当n(Si)/n (Sn)=100时,大多数锡以四配位状态存在于MPS骨架中;随锡的含量增加到n(Si)/n (Sn)=50时,MPS孔道内出现晶态SnO2纳米颗粒,并保持了良好的介观有序度和孔结构;进一步添加锡到n(Si)/n (Sn)=10时,更多的纳米SnO2颗粒分布在MPS孔道中,但其有序度遭到一定程度的破坏.     

纳米氧化铟锡制备方法研究

介绍了近年来纳米氧化铟锡(ITO)粉末几种常用的制备方法,着重讨论了共沉淀法,溶胶-凝胶法,水热法等工艺,并比较了几种制备方法的优缺点。共沉淀法具有流程简单,操作容易控制,环境污染少,产品性能稳定等特点,是较有前途的方法。     

Effect of AC-Powered Water Electrolysis on the Structural and Optical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films

The changes in the structure and optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films that were subjected to water electrolysis using an alternating current power source were investigated. X-ray diffraction indicated that the film was reduced to metallic indium after the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the film became porous after the treatment. These structural changes had led to a dramatic degradation in the optical properties of ITO. The electrochemical mechanism responsible for the changes was discussed.     

Rapid and Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of Boehmite Particles in Subcritical and Supercritical Water

Hydrothermal synthesis of AlOOH particles from an Al(NO₃)₃ aqueous solution was examined in subcritical and supercritical water. Continuous and rapid production of AlOOH fine particles was achieved by mixing a metal salt aqueous solution with preheated water fed from another line. The effects of temperature, pressure, and initial concentration of solution on the particle size, morphology, and crystal structure of the metal (hydrous) oxides were examined. These properties are strongly affected by slight changes in pressure and temperature. This strong effect is attributed to the large changes in the properties of water near its critical point resulting from the slight changes in pressure and temperature. The results suggest the simultaneous control of size, crystal structure, and morphology of the particles by hydrothermal synthesis in supercritical water.     

共沉淀法制备纳米ITO粉末

本文采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米ITO粉末并对其进行表征 :用X射线衍射 (XRD)分析其晶型、透射电镜 (TEM)观察ITO粉末的大小和形貌、自动吸附仪测量ITO粉体的比表面积。讨论了反应介质、pH值的选择、分散剂的添加、煅烧温度等因素对产品性能的影响。研究发现 :以Na2 SiO3 为分散剂 ,共沉淀前驱体在 70 0℃下煅烧 2h ,可以得到粒度小 (约 2 0nm)、比表面积大 (130～ 15 0m2 ·g-1)、颗粒分布均匀、结晶性好的ITO超细粉末。     

Fabrication of Low-Porosity Indium Tin Oxide Ceramics in Air from Hydrothermally Prepared Powder

Compositionally homogeneous indium tin oxide (ITO) ceramics with low porosity were obtained successfully by sintering hydrothermally prepared powders. The fabrication technique began with the preparation of microcrystalline, homogeneously tin-doped (5 wt%) indium oxyhydroxide powder, under hydrothermal conditions. Low-temperature (∼500°C) calcination of the hydrothermally derived powder led to the formation of a substitutional-vacancy-type solid solution of In₂Sn_{1− x} O_{5− y} , and further heating of this phase at temperatures of >1000°C resulted in the formation of the tin-doped indium oxide phase, which had the C -type rare-earth-oxide structure. The sintering of uniformly packed, calcined powder compacts at 1450°C for 3 h in air resulted in low-porosity (∼0.7%) ITO ceramics.     

铜铟硫纳米粒子的溶剂热合成及表征

采用溶剂热法,以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铜和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铟配合物为前体,油胺为配体,合成了铜铟硫纳米粒子。研究了配体与前体的配比、反应时间、反应温度以及添加剂对产物的影响,采用XRD、SEM等测试方法对产物进行了表征。结果表明,在配体和铜的物质的量比为5∶1,180℃反应,反应时间为8 h,能够得到具有较好的粒度和晶度的铜铟硫纳米粒子。     

3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇钠在超(近)临界水中的稳定性

3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇钠(STCP)热稳定性的研究对于认识2,3,5,6.四氯吡啶(TCP")水解制取STCP过程和STCP废水的处理具有重要的实际意义.在管式反应器中考察了温度、压力、停留时间和物料配比对STCP稳定性及其降解产物的影响.结果表明,当温度低于280℃时,STCP具有良好的稳定性;随着反应温度的升高、压力的增大和停留时间的延长,其稳定性降低.降解产物在525 nm处出现的特征峰是STCP的异构体吡啶酮类化合物引起的.此外,在加压条件下研究了反应温度、压力、时间和原料配比对TCP水解的影响,其中反应温度是决定水解反应的关键因素,TCP与NaOH摩尔比为1:4时,140℃下反应3 h,收率达95%以上,纯度为99%.     

掺锑氧化锡纳米晶体的制备及性能研究

以SnCl4.5H2O和SbCl3乙醇溶液为原料,用离子交换除氯水解法制备得到无氯离子的前驱体掺锑氢氧化锡胶体沉淀。采用了乙酸异戊酯有机溶剂作脱水剂以消除掺锑氢氧化锡胶体干燥过程中硬团聚的形成,并和常用的正丁醇共沸溶剂进行了粉体性能的比较。用BET、XRD和TEM等方法对前驱体和掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体进行表征。结果表明,乙酸异戊酯溶剂比正丁醇溶剂更有效防止了粉体干燥过程中硬团聚的形成;将乙酸异戊酯干燥所得掺锑氢氧化锡干粉经热处理后得到了高比表面积的掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体,并对晶粒的生长过程进行了研究。     

纳米掺锑氧化锡粉末的制备及表征

以 SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3乙醇溶液为原料,采用离子交换除氯水解法得到无氯离子的掺锑氢氧化锡胶体沉淀,以正丁醇作脱水剂对胶体进行共沸干燥处理,所得的掺锑氢氧化锡干微粉经热处理后得到了四方形金红石结构的掺锑氧化锡纳米粉末.用TG-DTA、IR、BET、BJH、XRD、TEM等方法对粉体的结构、物相、形貌进行了表征.     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米掺锑氧化锡粉体

以SnCl4.5H2O和SbCl3乙醇溶液为原料制备前驱体掺锑氢氧化锡胶体沉淀,采用乙醇超临界流体干燥法干燥前驱体;用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM、BET等方法对粉体的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,采用乙醇超临界流体干燥法可得到高比表面积的掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体。     

Synthesis and Investigation of Submicrometer Spherical Indium Oxide Particles

Spherical indium (In) oxide in submicrometer size is considered as a practical material in photonic bandgap applications. To obtain narrow size distribution, systematic studies of different conditions such as precursor concentration, reaction temperature, and other parameters have been carried out and are reported here. Tri- or dicarboxylic acid of citric acid (CA), malic acid, and tartaric acid were introduced into the reaction system and In-precipitates of spherical shape were produced. The particle size and internal morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis were performed. The reaction kinetics analysis shows that the reaction rate depends on the reaction temperature, urea, and In concentration rather than on CA.     

Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide Films on Acrylic Substrates by Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited onto acrylic substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. Low substrate temperature (<80°C) and low rf power (<28 W) were maintained during sputtering to prevent acrylic substrate deformation. The influence of sputtering parameters, such as rf power, target-to-substrate distance, and chamber pressure, on the film deposition rate, the electrical properties, as well as the optical properties of the deposited films was investigated. Both the refractive index and the extinction coefficient were derived. The high reflection at wavelengths greater than 3 μ made these sputtered ITO films applicable to infrared mirrors.