建筑结构钢表面锌系复合磷化膜的制备及耐蚀性研究

将纳米SiO2颗粒添加到磷化液中,在建筑结构钢表面制备出锌系复合磷化膜,并与纯锌系磷化膜进行了比对.结果表明:两种磷化膜都完全覆盖了基体,且都呈断层状形貌,锌系复合磷化膜的晶粒空隙被纳米SiO2颗粒填补,其含量约为7.54％.两种磷化膜的耐蚀性都好于建筑结构钢,且锌系复合磷化膜的耐蚀性最好.纳米SiO2颗粒在一定程度上填补了晶粒空隙,有效阻碍了腐蚀介质通过晶粒空隙渗透和扩散,从而保证锌系复合磷化膜具有较好的耐蚀性,使建筑钢构件能更好的满足防腐蚀要求.     

镁-锂合金的锌系及锰系磷化膜的比较

观察了镁-锂合金锌系磷化膜和锰系磷化膜的宏观形貌及微观形貌,分析了2种膜层的化学组成,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗对比了基体、锌系磷化膜、锰系磷化膜的电化学性能,并比较了2种膜层的综合性能.结果表明:锌系磷化膜与锰系磷化膜对镁-锂合金基体具有较大的防护作用,尤其是锌系磷化膜膜厚,膜电阻大,自腐蚀电流密度小,耐蚀性更优.     

框架结构用螺纹钢磷化处理及耐蚀性研究

选取框架结构使用的螺纹钢作为试样,采用传统高温锰系磷化工艺和改进的中温锌系磷化工艺分别进行锰系磷化处理、锌系磷化处理,并比较了不同工艺磷化处理后螺纹钢的形貌、成分和耐蚀性.结果表明:锰系磷化处理和锌系磷化处理后螺纹钢的外观不同,但锰系磷化膜和锌系磷化膜都较致密.锰系磷化膜的成分Mn、P、O、Fe和C元素,锌系磷化膜的成...     

离线双银Low-E镀膜玻璃膜系开发浅谈

阐述了采用真空磁控溅射原理生产双银Low-E镀膜玻璃膜系的一种新的开发思路,通过对双银Low-E膜系的实际开发过程分析,提出了双银Low-E镀膜玻璃膜系的开发过程中应注意的问题,并对实际生产提供了指导性建议。     

铝合金磷化膜性能的研究

采用中温锌系磷化工艺对LY12硬铝合金进行磷化处理获得磷化膜.通过硫酸铜点滴试验,电化学测试等考查了磷化膜的耐蚀性;利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等对磷化膜的表面形貌、化学成分进行分析.结果表明,该磷化膜外观颜色呈浅灰色,均匀光亮,耐蚀性好,硫酸铜试验耐蚀t为63 s,线性极化电阻为4.174 kΩ;表面形貌为片状晶体层层...     

聚四氟乙烯薄膜系列产品的加工应用技术

讨论了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)定向膜多孔膜，膨体膜的制造工艺以及三种薄膜的性能及用途。     

循环冷却水的磷系预膜钼系运转处理

本文阐述了工业循环冷却水处理的必要性及其处理方案选择的依据,介绍了钼系复合配方水处理剂的阻垢缓蚀效果和磷系预膜、钼系运转的社会、经济、环境效益。     

新型高耐久染料系聚乙烯醇偏光膜的性能研究

将新型染料系偏光膜与碘系偏光膜进行系统性对比分析,采用分光光度计测试其透过率、偏光度、色相等光学指标,并进行高温高湿、高温、氙灯紫外老化等试验,分析测试前后的色相变化.结果表明,新型高耐久染料系偏光膜在透过率为39％时,偏光度为99.7％,较传统的染料系偏光膜有明显的提升;将偏光片放置于仪表盘内进行氙灯紫外老化测试,新...     

全钛系膜级PET母料的工业化试产

总结了使用钛系催化剂TY-2在5 000 t/a半连续装置上生产全钛系膜级聚酯母料的试验情况,考察了缩聚过程中的工艺条件和切片性能指标,并介绍了所生产母料在7 000 t/a装置上进行拉膜试验的应用结果。     

热态清洗予膜配方的筛选及应用

本文介绍了为解决冷却水处理工艺中重要步骤化学冷态清洗予膜占用检修时间、增加检修难度及开车前换热系统试漏影响清洗予膜的效果等问题,利用正交设计法和数据处理手段,通过可行性试验、旋转挂片试验、动态模拟试验及工业应用试验的全过程,成功地推出了热态清洗予膜的最佳配方。讨论了六偏磷酸钠水解及影响因素,清洗予膜剂的作用及工业应用试验中应注意解决的问题。     

自洁净玻璃纳米TiO2薄膜制备的研究进展

自洁净玻璃是采用特有的镀膜工艺在玻璃表面上制备纳米TiO2薄膜的新型环保智能产品,具有广泛的用途,其中纳米TiO2薄膜的制备是关键。综述了自洁净玻璃表面纳米TiO2薄膜的制备方法,包括基片的清洗方法、溶胶的制备方法及薄膜的涂覆方法。     

Structural relaxation and dynamic fragility of freely standing polymer films

In addition to a tremendous reduction in the glass transition temperature, dielectric spectra of freely standing films reveal two other intriguing features: a temperature dependent asymmetric broadening of the structural relaxation peak towards lower temperatures and a reduction of the dynamic fragility down to the monomer limit. We verified that this experimental evidence is a manifestation of a gradient of glass transition temperatures across the film thickness induced by an enhanced molecular mobility at the two free surfaces of the membrane. As a direct implication of the peculiar features just described, the properties of freely suspended membranes neither correspond to those in bulk nor to a simplified scenario where the structural relaxation peak is merely shifted towards lower temperatures.     

Effect of Glass Composition on the Electrical Properties of Thick-Film Resistors

Ruthenium-based thick-film resistors (TFRs) with lead borosilicate glasses of various compositions have been examined for their electrical properties. A striking increase in resistivity has been observed with lead-depleted glasses, and analysis of this increase reveals that it is derived from the critical loss of Ru ions/clusters in the glass. With high-lead-content glasses, the resistivity decreases by two orders of magnitude, in conjunction with the structural inclination of glass toward PbO·SiO₂, 2PbO·SiO₂, and 4PbO·B₂O₃, which are believed to accommodate more Ru ions/clusters. These behaviors substantiate the role of Ru ions/clusters in glass as an indispensable entity for electrical conduction in TFRs.     

Processing and Characterization of Bulk Chalcogenide Glasses Used for Waveguide Applications

Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are of interest due to their optical and electronic properties for use in waveguide applications. To assess expected uniformity in films deposited from bulk glass starting materials, the extent of parent bulk glass property variation was evaluated. Resulting structural and optical properties of melt-derived ChG's were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of melt size, purification, and other melting conditions on sample homogeneity were quantified and within-melt property variation of bulk glass samples was found to be less than 5% for all parameters examined.     

Measurements of the viscoelastic moduli of an acrylate polymer in bulk and film form using a contact method

This paper describes a new method for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of polymers using a contact mechanics approach. The latter is based on the determination of the tangential response of a macroscopic contact between a polymer specimen and a rigid sphere under small amplitude cyclic micro-motions. Using an acrylate polymer, it was found possible to achieve contact conditions where the tangential behaviour of the contact is strictly linear. Under such conditions, the measurement of the contact stiffness allowed to determine the viscoelastic moduli of the bulk polymer through the glass transition zone. In addition, it was also found to be possible to measure the damping properties of thin films (30 μm) using the same method. The results indicated a shift of the glass transition temperature of the films as compared to bulk specimens. This result was interpreted as an indication of the sensitivity of the glass transition of amorphous polymers to the hydrostatic pressure.     

Textured dense zinc oxide layers for active noise canceling windows

Dense ZnO films with a strong c-axis texture have been deposited on transparent conductive oxide glass, glass, and Si wafers, respectively, with a two-step pressureless wet chemical method using zinc acetate dihydrate as Zn-precursor. The crystallographic structure of the films has been studied with XRD and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements reveal a high transparency of the ZnO films with a thickness of up to 10 μm. This new cost-effective route for ZnO film deposition does not require expensive sophisticated equipment and is easily upscaled.     

Flaw Generation During Constrained Sintering of Metal-Ceramic and Metal–Glass Multilayer Films

Sintering of symmetrical multilayer films has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Experiments were conducted on ceramic/metal/ceramic and glass/metal/glass films. The sintering rate of free films was compared to the sintering rate of multilayers. The origin of processing flaws was examined. The following results were obtained: (1) Differential sintering rates of the components in the multilayer give rise to in-plane tensile and compressive stresses. The film that is stressed in tension in the early stage of sintering is most susceptible to fracture. Experiments with ceramic/metal/ceramic multilayer are in agreement with this prediction. (2) A theoretical prediction that the glass/metal/glass multilayer will not develop defects because of a high value of the shear relaxation factor in glass is confirmed by experiments. (3) The likelihood of developing a tensile stress in the multilayer depends only on geometry, the green density, and the ratio of the intrinsic sintering pressures. (4) The in-plane shrinkage of the multilayer depends on the difference in the free-sintering rates and the shear relaxation factors, and is reasonably well predicted by the analysis. (5) We have evidence that the metal layer deforms plastically when it is placed in tension by differential sintering.     

Fast Optical-Thermal Responsive Intelligent Glass Realized by Hydrated Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Film

Glass is widely applied in fields of architecture, automobiles, optics and instruments due to its light transmission, wind resistance, sound and heat insulation. However, the light transmittance of traditional glass cannot change after the glass is formed, which limits the practicability of glass. In this study, an intelligent glass that can quickly and freely switch between transparency and opacity based on an optical-thermal responsive hydrated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) film triggered by white light, infrared light, and direct thermal stimuli is developed. The fastest response time is ≈21 s under white light or 5 s by hand touch. A fatigue test of 250 cycles showed no obvious performance degradation. The transmittance of the intelligent glass changed reversibly between 88.5%–93.2% (transparent) and 25.5%–41.6% (opaque). The optical-thermal response of the intelligent glass is attributed to the reversible phase transition of the hydrated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) film. This intelligent glass not only has obvious advantages in energy savings and emission reduction but also may be very useful for privacy protection, for example, in car windows, house windows, and office windows.     

导电玻璃对纳米二氧化钛薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响

在3种导电玻璃基材上烧结制备一层纳米TiO2薄膜,并用它们各自组装成N3染料敏化太阳能电池.用紫外可见光仪、场发射扫描电镜及四探针仪研究了导电玻璃的透光率和导电性能对染料敏化太阳能电池电流、电压输出性能的影响.结果表明:在100mW/cm2模拟太阳光强照射下,导电玻璃的面电阻减小时,光电池的短路电流会迅速增加,开路电压基本不变.导致这种现象的主要原因是导电玻璃上导电层的面电阻减小会使太阳能电池的内阻下降.由于太阳能电池的开路电压与短路电流的对数成正比.当导电玻璃的透光率大于80%时,导电玻璃的透光率对太阳光电池的电流电压输出性能基本没有影响.     

Effects of reactors on the deposition of DLC films using liquid electrochemical technique

Carbon films were deposited on silicon substrates by liquid electrochemical technique at low temperature (60 °C) in ambient atmosphere. Glass reactor, glass reactor with PTFE-coating inside, glass reactor with quartz-coating inside and quartz reactor were used with the same experimental setup to compare the effects of reactors on the deposition of carbon films. The applied potential, the distance between anode and substrate and the deposition time were fixed at 900 V (4.2 kHz, 50%), 6 mm and 5 h, respectively. The morphology and microstructure of the films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX) was used to measure the composition of the films. The SEM observations showed that the films deposited using glass reactor were composed of crystals of several micrometers which contained nearly 10 at.% of Ca. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that DLC films have been deposited, but with an obvious sharp peak at 1085 cm^− 1 which is assigned to calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals. The glass reactor is the possible source of Ca because the electrolyte was composed of analytically pure acetone and deionized water with the proportion of Ca below the determination of AAS (atomic absorption emission spectrophotometer AA-6200). Using glass reactor with PTFE-coating inside could successfully avoid the impurity of Ca from the glass reactor, but new non-metallic impurities coming from the PTFE-coating made the films rough. Continuous and smooth films were deposited by using a glass reactor with quartz-coating inside and quartz reactor, which could avoid both Ca (< 1 at.%) and other impurities. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed typical DLC films without CaCO₃. It can be concluded that the materials of the reactors could play an important role not only in the composition, but also the morphology and microstructure of films deposited by liquid electrochemical technique.