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Mingwei Zhu Yilin Wang Shuze Zhu Lisha Xu Chao Jia Jiaqi Dai Jianwei Song Yonggang Yao Yanbin Wang Yongfeng Li Doug Henderson Wei Luo Heng Li Marilyn L. Minus Teng Li Liangbing Hu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(21)
Transparent films or substrates are ubiquitously used in photonics and optoelectronics, with glass and plastics as traditional choice of materials. Transparent films made of cellulose nanofibers are reported recently. However, all these films are isotropic in nature. This work, for the first time, reports a remarkably facile and effective approach to fabricating anisotropic transparent films directly from wood. The resulting films exhibit an array of exceptional optical and mechanical properties. The well‐aligned cellulose nanofibers in natural wood are maintained during delignification, leading to an anisotropic film with high transparency (≈90% transmittance) and huge intensity ratio of transmitted light up to 350%. The anisotropic film with well‐aligned cellulose nanofibers has a mechanical tensile strength of up to 350 MPa, nearly three times of that of a film with randomly distributed cellulose nanofibers. Atomistic mechanics modeling further reveals the dependence of the film mechanical properties on the alignment of cellulose nanofibers through the film thickness direction. This study also demonstrates guided liquid transport in a mesoporous, anisotropic wood film and its possible application in enabling new nanoelectronic devices. These unique and highly desirable properties of the anisotropic transparent film can potentially open up a range of green electronics and nanofluidics. 相似文献
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《Journal of Modern Optics》2012,59(18):1777-1783
ABSTRACTLight scattering from small anisotropic particles has important interests in the applications of meteorology, oceanography, communication, and nanotechnology. In this paper, the light scattering from uniaxial and biaxial small particles is investigated using the anisotropy formulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, although this method has been used to analyse the isotropic particles. The obtained light scattering solutions from the isotropic small particle using the FDTD method are compared with the exact solutions obtained by Mie theory. The effects of the anisotropy and the rotation of optical axes on the light scattering are also investigated. Numerical results show that the distribution of scattered light is strongly affected by the anisotropy of the particles. Therefore, the anisotropy of the scattering particles is an important factor in several applications such as free-space optical communications. 相似文献
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本文用激光散射及偏光显微镜等技术剖析了几种氟油的聚集态结构。结果表明,全氟油为典型棒状晶聚集态结构,并有明显的温度依赖性,氟氯油也含少量棒状晶,也有温度依娘性;氟溴表现出无定型,具无规取向相关各向异性的特征。 相似文献
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Bo Jiang Yonggang Yao Zhiqiang Liang Jinlong Gao Gegu Chen Qinqin Xia Ruiyu Mi Miaolun Jiao Xizheng Wang Liangbing Hu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(31)
3D printing of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has attracted increasing attention by using this abundant, sustainable, and ecofriendly material. While cellulose can be easily tailored into a highly viscous ink for 3D printing, after solvent evaporation, the final printed structures become highly porous, fragile, and easily fall apart in water due to its hydrophilic nature. Lignin, another crucial component of natural lignocellulose, has not yet been reported for ink printing due to its unfavorable rheological behavior. Herein, a low‐cost direct ink printing strategy is developed to fabricate lignin‐based 3D structures with lignin no further refined and a more compact microstructure as well as different functionalities compared with printed cellulose. By using a soft triblock copolymer as the crosslinking agent, the rheology of lignin‐based inks can be adjusted from soft to rigid, and even enables vertical printing which requires stiff and self‐supporting features. The lignin‐based inks contain less water (≈40 wt%) and exhibit a much denser, stiffer structure, resulting in a wet tensile strength of ≈30 MPa, compared to only ≈0.6 MPa for printed cellulose. In addition, the unique macromolecular structure of lignin also demonstrates significantly improved stability in water and under heat, as well as UV‐blocking performance. 相似文献
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随着社会不断发展,迫切需要一种环保、成本低、韧性好、强度高、附加值高的绿色复合材料−荧光透明功能木质复合材料,以替代传统玻璃门窗、建筑及家居材料。荧光透明功能木质复合材料具有绿色、高透光率、强度高、韧性好、荧光效果优异、紫外屏蔽性好 、抗菌和良好力学性能等优点,应用领域广阔。本文综述了荧光材料的发光原理及影响因素、木质基材的各种制备方法及荧光透明功能木质复合材料的应用,并介绍了荧光透明功能木质复合材料在LED灯、传感器、加密防伪及紫外转换和甲醛检测等方面的应用,最后展望未来的应用场景并提出了目前亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
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Weizhong Zhang;Xuelian Li;Minghao Zhang;Zhengjie Duan;Qing Zu;Fei Rao;Haixia Yu; 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2024,26(3):2301113
Transparent bamboo (TB) is a new type of biomass and light transmitting material with potential to serve as substitute for transparent wood. However, the potential of the bamboo structure in preparing transparent composites is underexplored. Inspired by the functional gradient structure of bamboo, a simple and efficient two-step strategy to prepare TB with different transmittance levels, fiber textures, and colors is used. The performance of single- and multilayer TB with various fiber volume contents prepared using different lamination methods is evaluated. It is found that the optical and mechanical properties of TB differ with the fiber volume content and the lamination method used. TB composed of veneers with low fiber volume shows the highest light transmittance (44.6%), whereas TB composed of veneers with high fiber volume has the highest tensile strength (45.7 MPa). In terms of water resistance, cross lamination inhibits expansion in width (water absorption rate, 16.37–21.26%) and thickness (thickness swelling rate, 10.22–21.74%). The lamination structure and fiber volume content in the preparation of TB should be selected according to the specific application scenarios. The graded utilization of bamboo veneer with a fiber gradient can effectively realize the rational allocation of bamboo resources and promote sustainable development. 相似文献
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Injectable Hydrogels: An Injectable Hybrid Hydrogel with Oriented Short Fibers Induces Unidirectional Growth of Functional Nerve Cells (Small 36/2017)
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Abdolrahman Omidinia‐Anarkoli Sarah Boesveld Urandelger Tuvshindorj Jonas C. Rose Tamás Haraszti Laura De Laporte 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(36)
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Abdolrahman Omidinia‐Anarkoli Sarah Boesveld Urandelger Tuvshindorj Jonas C. Rose Tamás Haraszti Laura De Laporte 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(36)
To regenerate soft aligned tissues in living organisms, low invasive biomaterials are required to create 3D microenvironments with a structural complexity to mimic the tissue's native architecture. Here, a tunable injectable hydrogel is reported, which allows precise engineering of the construct's anisotropy in situ. This material is defined as an Anisogel, representing a new type of tissue regenerative therapy. The Anisogel comprises a soft hydrogel, surrounding magneto‐responsive, cell adhesive, short fibers, which orient in situ in the direction of a low external magnetic field, before complete gelation of the matrix. The magnetic field can be removed after gelation of the biocompatible gel precursor, which fixes the aligned fibers and preserves the anisotropic structure of the Anisogel. Fibroblasts and nerve cells grow and extend unidirectionally within the Anisogels, in comparison to hydrogels without fibers or with randomly oriented fibers. The neurons inside the Anisogel show spontaneous electrical activity with calcium signals propagating along the anisotropy axis of the material. The reported system is simple and elegant and the short magneto‐responsive fibers can be produced with an effective high‐throughput method, ideal for a minimal invasive route for aligned tissue therapy. 相似文献
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电子产品的广泛应用带来了严重的电磁效应,产生的累积热效应及振动效应会对人体造成严重影响,并且,在非介质条件下自由传播的电磁波易引起信息泄露及干扰其他电子设备正常运行。电磁屏蔽材料可以减轻或消除电磁效应带来的不良影响,但传统的电磁屏蔽材料存在生产过程繁琐、二次污染严重、屏蔽机理单一等弊端。宏观上,木材是重要的生态环境材料,天然可再生,能够固定碳元素,易加工成型,在使用过程中具有隔热保温、吸音隔声之功能。同时,木材还具有可降解、可循环利用、环境协调性良好、强重比较高等独特的应用优势。微观上,木材具有微米-纳米级多尺度孔隙结构,其天然的骨架形态可作为其他材料的基质模板,多孔通道表面富含大量的活性位点(碳自由基、游离性羟基、羰基、羧基等基团),可进行一系列的物理、化学改性。但是作为材料,木材是一种易于干缩、湿胀、变形、腐朽的各向异性绝缘材料,这些性质致使其有效利用率大大降低、应用领域局限性强。众多学者将木材作为一种模板基质以各种形式与导电材料结合,赋予其电磁屏蔽能力并弱化其缺陷,获得功能性的复合型结构材料——木基导电复合材料。木基导电复合材料的制备方法有涂层法、填充法、炭化结晶法及纳米材料复合法。涂层法是采用化学气相沉积、离子溅射等手段将不同金属及非金属元素与木材表面紧密结合的处理方法,制得的复合材料具有表面电阻率高、结合机理较为简单、操作容易的优点,但进行涂层前需预先对木材表面进行敏化、除油、活化等工艺处理,且复合材料的镀层易脱落,表面反射易引起二次污染。填充法是将金属网、金属纤维、导电胶、金属络合物、导电聚合物与木质单元叠层、混合的方法,存在导电成分分布不均、电导率较低、屏带窄等缺点。炭化结晶法是在无氧(氮气保护)的状态下将木材烧制成多孔性材料,并灌注金属类导电材料的方法,此种方法的生产成本较高、工艺复杂且复合材料的屏蔽效能也较低。纳米材料复合法是将木质单元中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素纳米化后与导电材料通过原位聚合、掺杂等方法进行复合,存在导电成分易凝聚、涉及频带窄且屏蔽效能值较低等问题。木基导电复合材料下一步的研究方向为高吸收、屏带宽、附有其他活性功能基团的绿色可再生新型复合材料。基于以上内容,本文以木质材料天然的三维立体、多孔通道,富含活性官能团羟基、羧基的特性为基础,结合不同导电成分的导电性能,分析了复合材料导电性的形成机制、现有制备方法、电磁屏蔽机理及导电性的性能评价与表征技术,并阐述了复合材料在防静电、电磁屏蔽、光电及医学等领域的功能化应用。 相似文献
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Shuaiming He Chaoji Chen Tian Li Jianwei Song Xinpeng Zhao Yudi Kuang Yang Liu Yong Pei Emily Hitz Weiqing Kong Wentao Gan Bao Yang Ronggui Yang Liangbing Hu 《Small Methods》2020,4(1)
The development of high‐performance structural materials for high‐rise building applications is critical in achieving the energy conservation goal mandated by the Department of Energy (DOE). However, there is usually a trade‐off between the mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties for these materials. Here, the optimization is demonstrated of natural wood to simultaneously improve the mechanical properties and thermal insulation for energy efficient high‐rise wood buildings. The improved wood material (strong white wood) features a complete delignification followed by a partial densification process (pore structure control), which enables substantially enhanced mechanical properties (≈3.4× in tensile strength, ≈3.2× in toughness) and reduced thermal conductivity (≈44% decrease in the transverse direction). The complete delignification process removes all lignin and partial hemicellulose from the cell walls of the wood structure, leading to an all‐cellulose microstructure with numerous aligned cellulose nanofibers. The partial densification optimizes the porosity of the delignified cellulose scaffold while enhancing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding among aligned cellulose nanofibers. The simultaneously improved mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the wood material render it highly desirable for a wide range of modern engineering applications, especially as an energy‐efficient, strong, lightweight, environmentally‐benign, scalable, and low‐cost building material. 相似文献
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Luxi Peng Jinxiu Wen Huanjun Chen Zebo Zheng Ningsheng Xu Jun Chen Shaozhi Deng Fei Liu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(16)
Boron is a narrow‐bandgap (1.56 eV) semiconductor with high melting‐point, low‐density, large Young's modulus and very high refractive index (3.03) close to silicon. Therefore, boron nanostructures is expected to possess strong visible‐light scattering properties. However, photonic and optoelectronic properties of the boron nanostructures are seldom studied until now. In this paper, we have successfully prepared single‐crystalline boron nanowire (BNW) arrays with high‐density on Si substrate. All the BNWs are found to possess strong light‐scattering behaviors in the visible regime. Most of all, the scattered light is found to polarize along the longitudinal direction of the nanowire. They also have excellent second‐harmonic generation (SHG) properties under ultrafast laser irradiation. Further optoelectronic measurements show that an individual BNW device exhibits notable photocurrent responses in the visible‐light range at ambient conditions, which can be attributed to the strong coupling effect between individual BNW and the visible light. The maximum photoresponsivity of an individual BNW can reach up to 12.12 A W–1 at a voltage of 10 V, and the response time is only 18 ms. Therefore, it unveils that the BNWs have a promising future in visible‐light communications and detections. 相似文献
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通过光与微纳结构相互作用产生颜色的结构生色材料一直是显示、防伪和刺激响应材料领域研究的热点.与光子晶体生色的镜面反射特性相比,基于散射的结构生色具有更宽的可视角,因此受到越来越多的关注.无序结构产生的宽散射光谱往往导致其结构色纯度和亮度降低,而有序结构在可见光区一般具有强的反射和衍射作用,因此很少有研究者关注有序结构的... 相似文献
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Jung-Hoon Park Jongchan Park KyeoReh Lee YongKeun Park 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(35):1903457
Advances in diverse areas such as inspection, imaging, manufacturing, telecommunications, and information processing have been stimulated by novel optical devices. Conventional material ingredients for these devices are typically made of homogeneous refractive or diffractive materials and require sophisticated design and fabrication, which results in practical limitations related to their form and functional figures of merit. To overcome such limitations, recent developments in the application of disordered materials as novel optical elements have indicated great potential in enabling functionalities that go beyond their conventional counterparts, while the materials exhibit potential advantages with respect to reduced form factors. Combined with wavefront shaping, disordered materials enable dynamic transitions between multiple functionalities in a single active optical device. Recent progress in this field is summarized to gain insight into the physical principles behind disordered optics with regard to their advantages in various applications as well as their limitations compared to conventional optics. 相似文献
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Self-assembled colloidal crystals display structural colors due to light diffracted from their microscale, ordered structure. This color arises due to Bragg reflection (BR) or grating diffraction (GD); the latter mechanism is much less explored than the former. Here the design space for generating GD structural color is identified and its relative advantages are demonstrated. Electrophoretic deposition is used to self-assemble crystals with fine crystal grains from colloids of diameter 1.0 µm. The structural color in transmission is tunable across the full visible spectrum. The optimum optical response—represented by both color intensity and saturation—is observed at low layer number (≤5 layers). The spectral response is well predicted by Mie scattering of the crystals. Taken together, the experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that vivid grating colors with high color saturation can be produced from thin layers of micron-sized colloids. These colloidal crystals extend the potential of artificial structural color materials. 相似文献