门电路构成的多谐振荡器的仿真方法

给出了用于仿真的门电路多谐振荡器的实际电路结构，在发现直接应用OrCAD Capture提供的门电路模型，对门电路多谐振荡器进行仿真失败的前提下，提出了创建由子电路模型构成新元件，然后对电路进行仿真的方法。实际的仿真结果表明该方法正确，应用效果良好，这一方法可以解决含门电路多谐振荡器电路的仿真问题，并对其他复杂电路的仿真具有重要参考价值。     

约瑟夫森阵列振荡器的相位锁定分析

系统地研究了超导亚毫米波阵列振荡器的相位锁定问题。为使超导振荡器达到高工作频率、窄线宽和高稳定的性能，约瑟夫森结与结之间的相位必须相互锁定。相位锁定可以通过结与结之间的耦合电路得以实现。通过对振荡器的各种耦合电路的比较表明，蝴蝶领结天线结构是一个比较适合约瑟夫森振荡器相位锁定的耦合电路。本文提出了一种超导亚毫米波阵列振荡器模型并对其进行了模拟计算与分析，仿真得出了振荡器各项参数值，并给出了相位锁定的条件。     

双极性压控振荡器电路设计

双极性压控振荡器是轴角转换器系列产品中的关键电路之一，本文在对双极性压控振荡器工作原理简要分析的基础上，重点介绍了双极性压控振荡器的设计方案和技术要求，以及电路达到的技术指标。     

一种基于CCⅡ＋和接地RC的新型振荡器

提出了由一个同相第二代电流传输器，两个接地电容器和两个接地电阻构成的正弦振荡器，运用负振荡器方法分析了该电路，得出了振荡条件和振荡频率，给出了电路的实验结果。该电路结构简单，且无源元件全部接地，便于集成。     

以混频器作为信号处理单􀀂 元的环振式压力传感器

提出了一种新的环振式数字压力传感器，它采用做在硅梁上的MOS环形振荡器作为敏感元件，两个反方向变化的环形振荡器的输出信号通过集成在片内的混频器实现频率相减，分析了环形振荡器的频率特性，以及环形振荡器的谐振频率和压力的关系，分析并设计了压力传感器的环形振荡器电路、混频器电路、物理结构以及制作工艺，并制作了样品，其灵敏度为1．52kHz／kPa。     

电子线路学习方法(二十) 第十二讲 正弦波振荡器电路分析方法

正弦波振荡器是众多振荡器电路中的一种.所谓振荡器就是不需要外电路输入信号,自身能够产生某种频率信号的电路,正弦波振荡器是能够产生某一频率正弦信号的电路.一、正弦波振荡器准备知识用于各种场合下的振荡器,由于所要求的振荡频率不同,振荡信号不同,具体的振荡器电路形式很多,在这一节中将详细讲解正弦波振荡器的工作条件和电路工作基...     

正余弦功率振荡器的研制

本文介绍了正余弦功率振荡器的原理、设计及性能，电路参数对电性能的影响，并从理论上计算出在满足电性能的情况下电路参数的取值范围。所研制的正余弦功率振荡器的频率漂移〈１％，输出功率为２Ｗ。该功率振荡器已在雷达系统中应用，获得良好的效果。     

一种改进的CMOS差分LC压控振荡器

本文介绍了一种改进LC振荡器设计方法，谐振回路采用非对称电容结构，与常见的振荡器结构相比，经改进的电路结构可以获得更好的相位噪声。本文基于CMOS工艺，设计了一种采用补偿Colpitts振荡器电路结构实现的差分LC压控振荡器，工作电压为2.5v。经仿真证明，通过调整非对称电容谐振回路中的电容值，可以获得最优的相位噪声     

新型偏置电路高稳定毫米波振荡器的研究

本文介绍了一种采用新型纵杆离心式偏置电路结构波导耿氏振荡器的设计过程和实验结果，研究结果表明，振荡器的频率稳定度可以明显提高，输出功率大，该振荡器结构简单，加工方便，成本低，抗震能力，可靠性高，具有较大的实用价值。     

直播卫星电视调制器中压控振荡器的设计和仿真

采用负阻设计方法，阐述了DBS电视调制器中压控振荡器的原理和设计过程，并对器件的选择，电路的结构作了比较全面的分析和总结，由此设计了一个0．95～2．15GHz的振荡器电路，在ADS上通过了仿真验证，并给出了结果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks