激光熔覆Ni/TiC复合涂层组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在45钢样品表面制备了Ni/TiC复合涂层,利用光学显微镜、SEM,EDS,XRD、显微镜硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机等检测设备研究了Ni/TiC复合涂层的组织和性能。试验结果表明：Ni/TiC复合涂层没有出现裂纹、孔洞等缺陷,涂层与基体之间具有良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度沿层深皆呈明显的阶梯状分布,最外表面的熔覆层硬度最高,约为800 HV;熔覆试样的比磨损率比基体试样的比磨损率下降了86.5％,表明Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较好的耐磨性能。     

激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层组织与性能研究

采用500 W光纤激光器制备了Fe基合金涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、材料万能试验机、维氏显微硬度计、电化学工作站分析测试手段对涂层的综合性能进行分析.结果表明:所制备的Fe基涂层性能优异,抗拉强度为(1040±20)MPa,屈服强度为(430±15)MPa,断后伸长率为(24±2)％,显微硬度为298～322 ...     

K418高温合金多层多道激光熔覆工艺研究

为修复某型涡轮导向器损伤叶片,在K418高温合金基底上自配粉末进行了多层多道激光熔覆试验,优化了工艺参数,分析了熔覆层的显微组织,测试了熔覆层的硬度,研究了激光熔覆修复某型涡轮导向器损伤叶片工艺的可行性。结果表明,当激光功率为730W,保护气流1．5L／min,扫描速度为8mm／s,搭接系数为50％时,可获得宏观和微观上均没有缺陷的熔覆层;熔覆层区组织由柱状枝晶与等轴晶组成,工艺参数影响晶粒大小;激光熔覆层平均显微硬度值为415HV;通过优化工艺参数可达到修复和强化叶片的目的。     

激光熔覆TiCp/Ni基合金复合涂层的显微组织与性能

应用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面熔覆了TiCp增强Ni基合金复合涂层,通过SEM、TEM分析以及磨损试验,研究了复合涂层的组织及摩擦学特性。研究结果表明,TiC颗粒在熔覆层中发生部分溶解和重新析出;在凝固应力作用下,TiC颗粒与粘结金属界面之间存在孪晶和位错。熔覆层与基体形成交互扩散区,在该区中发现(Fe,Cr)23C6碳化物,同时还存在大量的α和γ微晶。涂层局部区域存在Ni-Si-B-RE非晶物相。稀土氧化物不能显著地提高复合涂层显微硬度,但能明显地减小复合涂层的摩擦因数,显著提高涂层的耐磨性。TiC质量分数为50％时,熔覆层具有最佳耐磨性。     

45钢表面激光熔覆Ni/TiC性能研究

通过采用LWS-500型激光焊接机对45号钢进行激光熔覆处理,熔覆材料选用Ni/TiC合金粉末,通过观察熔覆层的显微组织和测量显微硬度.分析了Ni/TiC的配比对熔覆层金相组织结构及显微硬度的影响.结果表明,采用Ni60+ 20％TiC合金粉末进行激光熔覆,得到的熔覆层品质最佳.     

激光熔覆NiCrBSi/WC-Co复合涂层的组织与耐磨性能

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在42CrMo合金钢基体表面制备WC-Co颗粒增强NiCrBSi复合涂层(NiCrBSi/WC-Co复合涂层),研究了复合涂层的物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明:复合涂层主要由γ-Ni固溶体、WC、FeNi_3、B_2Co_3、CoC_x、FeCr_(0.29)Ni_(0.16)C_(0.06)、W3_C、Co_3W_3C_6等物相组成;复合涂层顶部为方向杂乱的细小树枝晶,中部为较粗大的柱状树枝晶,底部为垂直于结合界面生长的胞状晶,涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合;复合涂层表面的平均硬度为810HV,远高于基体的(270HV),磨损质量损失为0.3mg,远低于基体的(1.9mg),其磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损;复合涂层可显著提高42CrMo钢基体的耐磨性能。     

Ni60合金包覆WC粉激光熔覆涂层的组织与性能

通过激光熔覆Ni60合金包覆WC粉(简称镍包WC粉)在45钢基体上制备了WC增强镍基合金熔覆涂层,研究了涂层的显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度与耐磨性能等,并与Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的进行对比。结果表明:2种熔覆涂层均与基体形成冶金结合;与Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层相比,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层组织更细小,成分偏析程度较轻;2种熔覆涂层均由γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体、WC、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、W_2C等物相组成,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层中WC相的结构完整性较好;镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度为933.1HV,略高于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的(901.4HV);镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的平均摩擦因数和磨损体积分别为0.4,7.52×10~(-3) mm~3,均低于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的耐磨性能优于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的。     

45#钢表面激光熔覆梯度涂层的组织及性能

在45#钢表面激光熔覆梯度涂层,其中底层材料分别为Ni60A和Fe基合金粉末,上层材料自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末,使用洛氏硬度计、蔡司高级金相显微镜和显微硬度计对比分析熔覆层的组织及性能。结果表明:当Ni60A粉末作为底层材料时,熔覆层宏观表面相对平整光滑,平均洛氏硬度是基体(HRC:22)的2.5倍,熔覆层厚度均匀且熔池深度基本保持不变,第一道与最后一道熔覆层的高度差仅为0.10mm,当Fe基合金粉末作为底层材料时,高度差0.28mm;熔覆层及界面处无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,沿熔覆层与基体交界处向外晶粒呈现枝状晶到等轴晶,基体与熔覆层间冶金结合比较牢固;熔覆层上层显微硬度分布均匀,约是基体的3倍。激光熔覆梯度涂层材料且上层材料为自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末时,底层材料选择Ni60A粉末,得到的涂层成形质量更佳。     

双送粉激光熔覆CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层微观组织及热振性能

采用双送粉方式,利用激光熔覆技术在TC4基体上制备CoCrAlSiY/Y2O3-ZrO2（YSZ）梯度涂层。对CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层的微观组织、元素分布、显微硬度及热振性能进行了分析与研究,结果表明：梯度涂层与基体结合紧密,各梯度亚层之间不存在明显的界面,梯度涂层无明显裂纹,形成了良好的冶金结合;随着YSZ含量的提高,梯度涂层显微硬度呈梯度变化。在750 ℃下进行了不同循环周期的热振试验,试验结果表明CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层具有一定的抗热振性。     

液压支架管激光熔覆316L不锈钢涂层组织与性能研究

基于煤机设备在特殊环境下的使用特点, 选择液压支柱管用20钢作为基体材料, 以316L不锈钢作为熔覆材料, 采用高功率半导体光纤耦合激光器在其上进行激光熔覆实验, 并对熔覆后涂层的形貌、 硬度、 耐蚀性以及耐磨性进行研究. 结果表明, 熔覆层与基体呈现出较好的冶金结合, 且并未出现明显裂纹、 孔洞等缺陷;此外, 熔覆层的硬度、 耐蚀性和耐磨性相对基体都有了很大的提高. 根据分析可知, 熔覆层性能的提高是与熔覆过程中显微组织的变化及热影响密切相关的, 熔覆层中的析出相、 硬质颗粒以及合金中的微量元素也对其性能有很大影响. 研究表明316L不锈钢作为一种良好的熔覆材料, 可用于煤机设备液压支架管的激光熔覆修复. 研究以液压设备用零件为对象, 因此对于煤机修复方面有重要的参考价值.     

Nb reinforced Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy composite coating fabricated by laser cladding on 304 stainless steel surface

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Laser cladding technology was adapted to fabricate Fe-based shape memory alloy/Nb composite coatings with 5 wt. % Nb doping amounts on 304 stainless...     

Direct laser cladding of SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel

The present study concerns development of SiC dispersed (5 and 20 wt%) AISI 316L stainless steel metal-matrix composites by direct laser cladding with a high power diode laser and evaluation of its mechanical properties (microhardness and wear resistance). A defect free and homogeneous composite layer is formed under optimum processing condition. The microstructure consists of partially dissociated SiC, Cr₃C₂ and Fe₂Si in grain refined stainless steel matrix. The microhardness of the clad layer increases to a maximum of 340 VHN (for 5% SiC dispersed) and 800 VHN (for 20% SiC dispersed) as compared to 150 VHN of commercially available AISI 316L stainless steel. Direct laser clad SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel has shown an improved wear resistance against diamond surface with a maximum improvement in 20% SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel. The mechanism of wear was predominantly abrasive in nature.     

模具钢表面Co/TiC熔覆层的组织与高温磨损性能

利用6 kW横流CO2激光器制备了Co50熔覆层和不同成分配比的Co/TiC复合涂层来改善H13模具钢表面的热磨损性能.借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验机分析了涂层的结合特征、物相组成和不同温度下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,当预置层粉末TiC含量(重量百分比)小于等于20％时,熔覆层与H13钢基材呈良好的冶金结合;随着TiC含量的增加,Co/TiC复合涂层截面平均显微硬度呈上升趋势,但涂层中基体相种类减少:Co+10％TiC涂层由TiCo3、Cr2Ni3和Cr-Ni-Fe-C组成,Co+20％TiC涂层由Cr2Ni3和γ-Co组成,Co+30％TiC涂层为γ-Co固溶体.Co+ 20％ TiC涂层的高温耐磨性比C050涂层显著提高,摩擦系数平稳;700℃时复合涂层的磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和疲劳磨损.结果显示Co+20％TiC涂层具有良好的综合性能.     

Tribological properties of nickel-base nanocrystalline coatings sputter-deposited on austenitic stainless steel

500 nm-thick films are deposited on austenitic stainless steel by neutral (Ar⁺) or reactive (N⁺) ion beam sputtering of Ni or NiTi targets, with (or without) high energy 160 keV-Ar⁺ ion beam assistance. Most of the time the coatings are nanocrystalline and induce a large (excellent in some conditions) increase of the wear resistance. Only Ar⁺ ion beam sputtering of a NiTi target gives an amorphous deposit which does not improve the substrate tribological properties. The hardness and wear resistance of ion beam assisted films are larger than those obtained with non-ion beam assisted coatings. The presence of a hard TiN phase inside a ductile Ni phase, of grains with preferential orientation beneficial to slip, as well as film densification are the main factors which increase the wear resistance. The best results are obtained when the structure is composed of two phases, Ni and TiN. The TiN phase strengthens the already good tribological Ni properties and the Ni ductility induces mechanical accommodation during the friction process.     

Process improvement in laser hot wire cladding for martensitic stainless steel based on the Taguchi method

Laser hot wire cladding, with the prominent features of low heat input, high energy efficiency, and high precision, is widely used for remanufacturing metal parts. The cladding process, however, needs to be improved by using a quantitative method. In this work, volumetric defect ratio was proposed as the criterion to describe the integrity of forming quality for cladding layers. Laser deposition experiments with FV520B, one of martensitic stainless steels, were designed by using the Taguchi method. Four process variables, namely, laser power (P), scanning speed (V _s), wire feed rate (V _f), and wire current (I), were optimized based on the analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Metallurgic observation of cladding layer was conducted to compare the forming quality and to validate the analysis method. A stable and continuous process with the optimum parameter combination produced uniform microstructure with minimal defects and cracks, which resulted in a good metallurgical bonding interface.     

Tribological properties of combined molybdenum coatings formed by electric-spark alloying on stainless steel

To improve the operational properties of the parts of machines made of quenched stainless steel 30X13, the surface were hardened by electric-spark alloying (ESA) with combined coatings (molybdenum + chromium and molybdenum + bronze). The results of investigations showed the correlation between the wear resistance of coatings and their hardness. It has been noted that the roughness of all alloyed coatings after tribological tests lowered, while the roughness of unalloyed surface of steel 30X13 increased. The smallest coefficient of friction has been established for samples alloyed with the molybdenum + bronze combined coating.     

Tribology and surface mechanical properties of the oxide film formed by excimer laser surface treatment of AISI 304 stainless steel

The surface hardness and tribological properties of the surface oxide formed by excimer laser surface processing of AISI 304 stainless steel have been examined. It is found that laser processing initially anneals the stress-induced martensite on the surface of the stainless steel, resulting in a softening of the surface. After more than 100 cycles of melting and resolidification, a surface oxide film develops which is harder than the austenite of the annealed substrate and comparable in hardness to the stress-induced martensite. The thickness of the oxide film is dependent on the number of laser pulses, so that arbitrarily thick films can be produced. The dry-sliding friction of the oxide film against a steel pin is substantially lower than that of the untreated polished surface with only the native oxide film and there is substantially less damage in both the wear track and the pin. The hard surface oxide is underlain by relatively soft austenite. The tribological behavior is thus not obviously the result of the surface mechanical properties of the film-substrate combination but is ascribed to changes in the chemical interaction between the pin and the disk.     

Effect of processing parameters of laser on microstructure and properties of cladding 42CrMo steel

Hard-inert materials such as diamond, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, and sapphire are difficult to obtain from the smooth and damage-free surfaces efficiently required by semiconductor field. Therefore, this study proposed a chemical kinetics model to evaluate the material removal rate of diamond in chemical mechanical polishing process and to investigate the material removal mechanism by examining the surface information with optical microscopy, surface profilometry, and atomic force microscopy as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The theoretical and experimental results show that chemical and mechanical synergic effect may promote the diamond oxidation reaction in chemical kinetics. The material removal rate is acceptable when the mechanical activation coefficient is smaller than 0.48. The 2.5 μm B₄C abrasives, the polishing temperature of 50 °C, and the polishing pressure of 266.7 MPa are optimal parameters for diamond polishing with potassium ferrate slurry. It provides the highest material removal rate of 0.055 mg/h, the best surface finish (about Ra 0.5 nm) and surface quality (no surface scratches or pits). It then discusses how mechanical stress may promote the chemical oxidation of oxidant and diamond by forming “C-O,” “C=O,” and “O=C-OH” on diamond surface. The study concludes that chemical kinetics mechanism is effective for the investigation of the synergic effect in chemical mechanical polishing hard-inert materials.     

Liquid impact erosion characteristics of martensitic stainless steel laser clad with Ni-based intermetallic composites and matrix composites

NiAl-Ni₃Al intermetallic composites (IC) and intermetallic matrix composites (IMC) with TiC and WC reinforcement were laser clad to increase the liquid impact erosion resistance of AISI 420 Martensitic stainless steel. Laser process parameter optimisation and pre- and post-heat treatment of the laser clad specimens were carried out to minimise porosity and sensitivity to crack formation. The coatings were characterised by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The erosion resistance of the substrate material at a water droplet exit velocity of up to 150 m/s was improved from 116.9 to 838.7 min/mm³ for the nickel aluminide IC coating and from 855 to 1446 min/mm³ for the IMC coating with TiC and WC reinforcement. The pseudo-elasticity combined with the high work hardening ability was attributed to the excellent erosion resistance of nickel aluminide IC coatings. The IMC coatings with ceramic reinforcement extended significantly the initial resistance against liquid impact erosion. However, once damage occurred the erosion accelerated rapidly. No direct correlation could be established between the erosion resistance and the mechanical properties. The influence of hardness, elastic modulus, strain-hardening coefficient and the reversible penetration ratio on the erosion resistance was discussed.