Teil 2: Trittschalldämmung — Flankentrittschallpegel und Trittschallminderung

Sound protection of cavity floors. Part 2: Impact sound insulation — namely impact sound flanking level and impact sound reduction In part 1 [1] of this three‐part report on cavity floor sound protection, the history of the development of cavity floors introduced on the market since the early 1980s, the main design principles of such floors, and the concepts of flanking level reduction and weighted standard flanking level difference were illustrated. This second part examines two aspects of impact sound insulation, namely impact sound flanking level — previously sometimes referred to as horizontal impact sound insulation — and impact sound reduction. The following discussion of these two impact sound insulation parameters is based on approximately 150 measurements in an acoustics laboratory. The bulk of the measurements was carried out according to DIN 52 210 [3], more recent measurements according to DIN EN ISO 140‐12 [4].     

Teil 3: Anwendung von Laborergebnissen in der Baupraxis,Ausführungsfehler

Sound protection of cavity floors. Part 3: Application of laboratory results in practice; pitfalls during construction This third part of the three‐part „Sound protection of cavity floors”︁ series relates the laboratory examination and analysis of the acoustic parameters of cavity floors to the application in practice. Part 1 [1] described the historic development of cavity floors since the 1980s and the main airborne sound protection parameters, i.e. the standard flanking level difference (airborne sound protection for horizontal transfer, flanking level reduction) and the sound insulation of solid ceilings with cavity floors for vertical sound transfer. Part 2 of the series [2] described the impact sound insulation parameters, i.e. the weighted impact sound reduction (impact sound improvement) and the weighted flanking impact sound level (weighted standard impact sound level for horizontal transfer). This third part suggests cavity floor design options for meeting the required sound protection levels that may exist either in the form of minimum requirements stipulated by building authorities or through civil law agreements between users and investors.     

90m2套型住宅的高层设计

怎样实行国务院提出的90／70房产开发、面积控制要求，是摆在我国设计界的一大课题。文章对18层以下和19层以上高层住宅做到90m^2以下的房型作了研究，并作出房型标准层平面的例图，以供业界专家共同探讨。     

Schallschutz von Bauteilen aus mineralischen Baustoffen in Abhängigkeit von der Abbindezeit

Sound protection of structural components made from mineral materials as a function of the setting time. For structural components made from mineral materials, e.g. slabs and walls made from masonry or concrete, screed or cavity floors, the acoustic properties relating to impact and airborne sound protection are expected to change over time. This is due to the fact that the strength increases during the setting process while the mass decreases during the drying process. This article describes the sound insulation characteristics of typical structural components over time during the setting/drying process and defines the intervals after which the state reached after 28 days can be determined with acceptable accuracy.     

超深基坑支护综合施工技术

北京绿地中心工程地下水含量丰富且分布复杂,基础地下5层,深度超过30 m,且基坑施工周期长,经冬季寒冷、开春化冻、雨季降雨等多种复杂情况。基坑支护方式综合使用了护坡桩、止水帷幕及土钉墙支护等相结合的方式。通过科技创新的方式优化了基坑支护方案,降低了施工成本,提前实现了工期目标。     

The influence of structural floors on the airtightness of wood-frame houses

Energy use in buildings has come more into focus in recent years. An airtight building envelope with a low infiltration is a definite prerequisite to achieve an energy efficient building. Recently the Norwegian airtightness requirements have become stricter. This leads to an increased focus on airtight constructions and methods. Platform constructed structural floors are widely used in Norway. Air leakages are frequently observed in connection with structural floors, both at the wall/floor and wall/ceiling junction and as leakages into the floor or into the ceiling. This article discusses the importance of the leakages in platform constructed structural floors on the airtightness of wood-frame houses. This is done by laboratory measurements of vapour barriers and wind-barriers mounted on a wall with structural floor beams. The results show that the airtightness performance of the vapour barrier can be made almost as good as the wind-barrier. However, this is quite labour-intensive. With a properly mounted wind-barrier, the influence of the structural floors on the airtightness of a wood-frame house can be made negligible.     

Schallabsorbierende Doppelböden

Sound‐absorbing raised floors. Concrete core cooling is increasingly used as a temperature control method for office buildings. Concrete core cooling systems are integrated in slabs and preclude the installation of sound‐absorbing suspended ceilings, which would reduce the performance of such systems to uneconomical levels. Sound‐absorbing raised floors offer an alternative to sound‐absorbing ceilings. More than 60 sound absorption coefficient measurements were carried out in a reverberation chamber for different fitted carpets, sound‐absorbing raised floors and combinations thereof. This paper describes the different floor configurations and the corresponding sound absorption coefficients.     

地下室刚度对地下室抗震影响的研究

文章讨论了地震作用下地下室的质量与刚度的变化对地下室侧向位移的影响。结果表明:当地下室的质量大于第1层的质量,地下室的抗侧刚度是第1层的2~4倍时,能够有效地减小其侧移。当地下室的抗侧刚度大于第1层的4倍时,再增加刚度,对减小地下室的侧移的效果不很明显。     

沈阳奥体中心大跨度预应力混凝土楼盖动力特性实测与分析

大跨度预应力混凝土及钢-混凝土组合楼盖在体育建筑、大跨空间结构及高层建筑中的使用越来越广泛。由于大跨度楼盖阻尼小、基频低,在人日常活动激励等作用下会产生竖向振动,超过一定限度时会影响使用者的舒适度。因此,大跨度楼盖竖向振动舒适度问题日益受到重视。沈阳奥体中心综合体育馆三层楼盖主梁跨度41.5 m,是目前国内体育建筑中跨度最大的混凝土楼盖系统。本文针对此楼盖系统的动力特性进行了现场实测,并与理论分析结果进行了比较。     

杭州保俶塔 1933 年兴修计划及现存形制初探

本文基于 1929-1938 年保俶塔兴修工程相关文献、雷达探测波谱两者的关联整合研究,初步探索保俶塔 1933 年兴修后封闭塔体的内部结构与形制。经由文献研究,梳理民国时期兴修保俶塔计划图说、筹款过程、施工情况,通过雷达探测波谱分析,验证了此次兴修工程后塔身一至五层、六至七层及顶层可能的内部结构情况,为西湖文化遗产的保护管理提供有益的学术研究依据。     

设置黏滞阻尼器的悬挂减振结构振动台试验研究

通过对设置黏滞流体阻尼器的悬挂结构进行地震模拟振动台试验,分析了主结构与悬挂楼面的质量比、连接方式以及阻尼器分布对悬挂结构模型的频率、阻尼比和结构响应的影响。试验结果表明：与刚性杆连接的常规悬挂结构相比，采用阻尼器连接主结构和悬挂楼面，可改变结构频率，提高结构振型阻尼比，且模型前3阶振型主要表现为悬挂楼面剪切变形；悬挂减振结构主结构的位移峰值响应小于常规悬挂结构，略小于无连接的自由悬挂结构；当悬挂楼段质量较大时，减振效果更好；与自由悬挂结构相比，阻尼器连接的悬挂减振结构能较好地抑制悬挂楼面相对于主结构的位移和悬挂楼面的层间位移；当悬挂楼面侧向刚度较小时，阻尼器均匀布置比集中布置能更好地控制悬挂楼面的相对位移。     

雷击高层建筑时的电磁兼容问题

高层建筑遭受雷击的概率远高于低矮建筑物，发生雷击时，雷电流造成建筑物内层间和同层内各处电位严重不等，并通过电磁耦合在电源线和通信电缆中感应出高频的电流和电压波。笔者对1幢28层高层建筑遭雷击时的电磁兼容问题进行了分析，结果表明，电缆上感应的电压可能引起电缆对地放电及电缆内部芯线之间绝缘击穿。     

Childhood cat allergen exposure in three European countries: The AIRALLERG study

INTRODUCTION: Cat allergen is a major cause of morbidity among sensitised asthma patients, but little is known about distribution of cat allergen exposure and its determinants in homes. METHODS: We measured cat allergen and potential determinants of cat allergen levels in more than 1000 homes. House dust was collected from children's mattresses and living room floors in approximately 360 homes in The Netherlands, Sweden and Germany and analysed for Fel d 1 in one central laboratory. Exposure was expressed both in concentration (ng/g) and in loads (ng/m2). RESULTS: Levels on mattresses were similar in Sweden and Germany but higher on Dutch mattresses. Dutch floors had higher concentrations than Swedish floors, which had higher concentrations than German floors. The differences in load were less clear. Cat allergen on mattress and floor were moderately to highly correlated. The most important variable quantifying cat allergen variation was the presence of a cat. Floor cover type and last time that floor was vacuumed were important in all three countries. The ratio of cat allergen loads between mattresses from homes with and without cats was higher for Sweden and Germany than for The Netherlands. This is likely related to higher prevalence of cat ownership in The Netherlands which leads to more contamination of homes in which cats were never held. Dust samples from 27-35% of mattresses from homes without cats contained more than 1000 ng/g cat allergen. CONCLUSION: With the exception of cat ownership and floor cover, questionnaire data on housing characteristics did not accurately predict cat allergen in the home.     

中国寒冷地区被动式房屋模式初探

本文首先通过比较分析中德居住建筑节能设计规范的发展历程,研究了节能措施及其耗热量指标的差异.而后,根据中国国情,提出了一种现阶段适合于中国寒冷地区的"被动式房屋"模式,并选取大连1栋4单元5层居住建筑的实际供暖设计案例进行了分析,表明壁挂式太阳能空气集热模块(WSAC)住宅较节能65%住宅可节约年供暖能耗58%以上,且技术经济分析结果显示,该模式的节能减排效果极为明显,建筑寿命期内可节约供暖运行费用13万元以上.     

深基坑支护技术在金成大厦的应用

金成大厦工程地上17层,地下5层,基坑深度20.4m。基坑边坡支护上部采用土钉墙、下部为护坡桩施工方法施工。施工前,编制技术、安全专项方案,保证了工程质量,取得了很好的施工效果。     

举重馆楼面设计及冲击试验研究

通过对不同面层做法条件下结构所受冲击荷载的试验研究和理论分析，给出了举重馆类结构楼面等效静载的确定方法及可行的面层做法，本文研究结果可作为其它类似工程设计时参考。     

高层建筑高空加层施工技术

阐述了闹市中心复杂环境下高层建筑高空加层的技术思路,重点介绍屋盖网架高空悬拼技术、安全防护技术、中柱连接技术等。     

基于AutoCAD的建筑楼层数自动注记方法设计与实现

针对建筑总平面设计图、建筑规划放线附图与现状地形图、竣工地形图等均需要大量注记建筑楼层数的情况,提出了基于AutoCAD的建筑楼层数自动注记方法,给出了方法的流程,并通过VB.NET调用AutoCAD提供的COM接口进行开发实现。实践表明:该方法实现了建筑楼层数自动化注记,不仅大幅提高了建筑楼层数注记的效率,而且保障了楼层数注记的准确性。     

Traffic-generated airborne particles in naturally ventilated multi-storey residential buildings of Singapore: Vertical distribution and potential health risks

The main objective of the study is to quantify the mass concentration exposure levels of fine traffic-generated particles (PM_2.5) at various heights of typical multi-storey public housing buildings located in close proximity, i.e. within 30 m and along a busy major expressway in Singapore. The secondary objective is to compare the potential health risks of occupants in the buildings, associated with inhalation exposure of fine traffic-generated particulate matter, based on estimated dose rates and the lowest observed adverse effect levels (loael) at the various floors of these buildings. Two typical public housing buildings, both naturally ventilated residential apartment blocks, of point block configuration (22-storey) and slab block configuration (16-storey) were selected for the study. Particulate samples were collected for both mass and chemical analysis (OC/EC ratio) at three representative floors: the lower, the mid, and upper floors of the buildings. Key meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, and relative humidity were also concurrently measured at the sampling locations. For the potential health risk analysis, the occupants have been divided into four age categories namely, infants, children (1 year), children (8–10 years) and adults. The analysis takes into account age-specific breathing rates, body weights for different age categories. Experimental results explicitly showed that PM_2.5 mean particle mass concentration was highest at the midfloors of both buildings when compared to those measured at upper and lower floors during a typical day. Although the lower floors were closest to traffic emissions, the mean particle mass concentration was lower there than that at the midfloors, which could presumably be due to the interception of PM_2.5 particles by tree leaves or the inflow of clean and drier air from higher altitude with lower aerosol burden mixing with the traffic-polluted air at the lower levels thus lowering the concentration at the lower floors similar to induced chimney effect or both. The upper floors had the least fine particulate matter mass concentration due to dilution following pronounced mixing of traffic-polluted air with ambient air. The only difference between both blocks is that at corresponding floors, the mass concentration levels for slab block is much higher than that of point block. This could be attributed to the configuration of the blocks. Observational data show the slab block tends to slow down the approaching wind thus allowing the accumulation of the fine traffic-generated particulate matter in front of the building. For point block, the HR values at the mid and lower floors suggest that occupants living in these floors experience 1.81 and 1.34 times more health risk, respectively, in contracting respiratory diseases when compared to those living at the upper floors for all age categories. Similarly, for the slab block, occupants living in the mid and lower floors had 1.62 and 1.28 times more risk, respectively, in contracting respiratory diseases when compared to those living at the upper floors for all age categories.     

某高层住宅楼现浇砼楼板斜裂缝成因的分析与计算

本文根据某高层住宅楼现浇砼楼板发现切角斜裂缝,对其裂缝成因进行分析,并通过计算提出控制斜裂缝的技术措施。