Bemessung,Anwendung und Qualitätssicherung von Stahlfaserspritzbeton im Tunnelbau

Die Spritzbetonbauweise hat sich im Tunnelbau seit Jahren bewährt. Spritzbeton wird als unbewehrter Beton, in Verbindung mit Bewehrung sowie als Stahlfaserspritzbeton eingesetzt. Bei den meisten Tunnelschalen aus Stahlfaserspritzbeton werden Stahlfasern derzeit nur als konstruktive Bewehrung verwendet. Die Faserzugabe führt zu einer nennenswerten Erhöhung der Bruchenergie und somit zu einer höheren Zähigkeit des sonst spröden Materials und damit zu einer höheren Sicherheit. Stahlfaserspritzbeton kann auch anstelle von Spritzbeton mit statisch erforderlicher Mattenbewehrung eingesetzt werden. Die Bemessung erfolgt dann unter Berücksichtigung der Nachrisszugfestigkeit. Diese kann wie bei Stahlfaserbeton an Biegebalken ermittelt werden, die aus größeren Proben herausgesägt werden. Anhand von verschiedenen Beispielen werden die unterschiedlichen Anwendungen aufgezeigt und die dafür erforderlichen Prüfungen vorgestellt. Design, Execution and Quality Management of Steel Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete in Tunnels The shotcrete method has been proven for tunnel structures since years. Shotcrete can be used unreinforced, in combination with reinforcement meshes and with fibre reinforcement. At the moment most steel fibre shotcrete tunnel liners have non‐structural fibre reinforcement. However, the addition of fibres increases the fracture energy of the material and changes the shotcrete behaviour from brittle to ductile with higher reliability. Steel fibre shotcrete can also replace shotcrete with traditional mesh reinforcement. The verification of steel fibre shotcrete takes the post cracking tensile strength of the material into account. The tensile strength of the cracked fibre concrete can be derived from bending tests on beams cut out of a larger shotcrete sample. This paper presents the different types of executed shotcrete applications in tunnels and the necessary test methods.     

Verbundlose interne Vorspannung von weitgespannten Plattentragwerken im Hochbau

Internal unbounded Posttensioning in Wide Span Slabs for Building Constructions In order to comply with the needs of robustness and economy to be considered in design and construction, the internal, unbounded posttensioning has been optimized, in a way to install the cables with the minimum necessary amount of work. For this purpose a free system of posttensioning cables has been adopted, in which border uplift forces (in correspondence of the supports) and single or multiple midspan uplift forces are necessary. The deviation forces helps to limit the deflections and cracks. In this paper after some theoretical reflections two innovative practical applications are presented. On the basis of the mechanics of the load bearing behaviour and with three dimensional finite element calculations also the soil‐structure interaction have been taken into account.     

Neue Konstruktionsprinzipien bei Tunnelinnenschalen

New Design Philosophy of Inner Tunnel Linings Examinations are presented aiming at the optimisation of reinforcement and thickness of an inner tunnel lining in order to improve the behaviour at serviceability (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS). It is expected that especially an acceleration of the construction progress leads to advantages in competition compared with conventionally reinforced linings. A reduced thickness of a lining out of steel fibre concrete (SFB) or a combination of reinforced concrete and steel fibres (SFvSTB) came out best when being experimentally and theoretically examined. Particularly with regard to the cracking formation at SLS, that rules the design of watertight linings, the slender lining is advantageous compared to a conventionally reinforced one (STB).     

Verankerung externer Spannglieder an Querträgerscheiben

Anchorage of External Tendons in diaphragms Thoroughly designed anchorage and deviation points are a basic requirement for reliable and durable bridge structures with external prestressing. The behaviour of anchorage constructions can be described by regular strutand‐tie‐models. Similar to previous investigations on corner brackets [1] a design procedure for anchorage diaphragms based on simple equations and diagrams is being derived and applied.     

Hintergründe zur Nutzlastabminderung nach DIN 1055‐3

Background of Load Reduction according to DIN 1055‐3 The present study focuses on possibilities of load reduction according to DIN 1055‐3. The respective code regulations will be presented as well as the outcome of the investigation concerning imposed loads in domestic buildings. The results are representative for the load variability of imposed loads and may be applied to other building categories.