喷雾热分解法制备超细银粉及其形貌控制

采用超声雾化热分解装置,对喷雾热分解法制备超细银粉进行了系统研究。考察了炉子温度、硝酸银水溶液浓度、超声雾化装置功率、硝酸银溶液及载气流量等因素对产物粒子形貌、粒度分布的控制行为。研究结果证实,喷雾热分解制备微米级球形金属银粉技术具有广泛应用前景。     

Preparation and thermal decomposition mechanism of Mg,Al-hydrotalcite nano-crystals with titania doping

The highly pure nano-crystal Mg, Al-hydrotalcite with titania doping was synthesized by one-step liquid reaction method at atmospheric pressure. The preparation of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite nano-crystal after doping titaniawas investigated according＇to-the results of XRD, TEM, IR and DSC. Moreover, based on the DSC test results, the thermal mechanism functions of the Mg,Al-hydrotalcite with titania doping were studied after calculation and comparison.     

硅胶负载掺钕TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法将掺钕二氧化钛负载在二氧化硅上制备复合光催化剂（Nd/TiO2-SiO2）,利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对Nd/TiO2-SiO2进行表征,并通过甲基橙溶液的光催化降解评价其光催化性能。结果表明：Nd/TiO2-SiO2在可见光区388-619nm范围内的光吸收性能随着钕掺杂量的增大而增强,钕掺杂有利于降低电子-空穴的复合率,钕和二氧化硅提高TiO2的光催化活性。在600℃煅烧的0.1%Nd/TiO2-SiO2的光催化活性最高,1h后甲基橙降解率为82.9%。     

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α超细粉体的喷雾热分解法合成与电性能

用喷雾热分解法制备La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α(LSCF)超细粉体材料,用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究粉体的形貌与粒度,用X射线衍射仪研究粉体材料的晶相结构,通过能谱仪研究其元素组成和掺杂性能,用激光粒度分析仪分析粒度分布,并测试其电性能。结果表明:喷雾热分解法合成的LSCF粉体材料粒子呈球形,平均粒度3.13μm,超声喷雾在900℃热分解的产物能直接形成钙钛矿型晶相,且经过1 100℃处理后结晶度更完整;能谱仪分析显示喷雾热分解法直接制成的LSCF粉体掺杂均匀;粉体的粒度符合液滴粒子转变机理,即1个产物粒子由1个液滴形成;当加入乙醇时,粉体的粒度将减小,但加入尿素、硝酸铵和柠檬酸时其粒度增加。粉体的电导率峰值出现的位置为650℃。     

Characterization of ultrafine La x Sr1−x MnO3 powder prepared by spray pyrolysis

The characterization of La _x Sr_1−x MnO₃ powders produced by spray pyrolysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, specific surface area (Brunauer-Emett-Teller), and particle size distribution measurements shows that the resultant large particles are loose agglomerates consisting of many small particles. However, the sintered tiny particles can form hard agglomerates, and the particle size increases remarkably. The structures of the powders before and after sintering were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The study of the electrical property of the powder shows that the powder is a metallic conductor. In a reducing atmosphere, the powder can be decomposed. When the powder is cofired with yttria-stabilized zirconia 5% (YSZ) powder at 1200 °C for 5 h, no new phase is produced, and the powder remains a single provskite hexagonal-rhombohedral structure.     

Nickel-lithium oxide alloy transparent conducting films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

In this research, nickel oxide (NiO) transparent semiconducting films are prepared by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates. The effect of Ni concentration in initial solution and substrate temperature on the structural, electrical, thermoelectrical, optical and photoconductivity properties of NiO thin films are studied. The results of investigations show that optimum Ni concentration and suitable substrate temperature for preparation of basic undoped NiO thin films with p-type conductivity and high optical transparency is 0.1 M and 450 °C, respectively. Then, by using these optimized deposition parameters, nickel-lithium oxide ((Li:Ni)O_x) alloy films are prepared. The XRD structural analysis indicate the formation of the cubic structure of NiO and (Li:Ni)O_x alloy films. Also, in high Li doping levels, Ni₂O₃ and NiCl₂ phases are observed. The electrical measurements show that the resistance of the films decreases with increasing Li level up to 50 at%. For these films, the optical band gap and carrier concentration are obtained to be 3.6 eV and 10¹⁵-10¹⁸ cm⁻³, respectively.     

基于SoC的等离子体喷涂送粉器设计

在此提出一种新的设计方法，能够实时在线改变送粉器粉末配比，通过称重传感器检测粉末质量来保证配比精度，实现配比比例与配比的粉末种类，性质无关。该送粉系统尤其适合于小批量复合材料的试制，为进一步的实验研究打下了良好的基础。     

Preparation of titanium dioxide/silver sulfate powder and its antibacterial activity

Antibacterial powders of titanium dioxide/silver sulfate were produced by heat-treatment of the metatitanic acid, as precursor, into which the silver nitrate was added. The influences of heating temperature on the structure and composition of the product were investigated through XRD and SEM. The results show that the powder is spherical in the phase of TiO2-Ag2 SO4. The granularity of the particles increases from 10.7 nm to 28.7 nm with the temperature of heat-treatment increasing from 300 ℃ to 800 ℃. The antibacterial activity of the powder was judged in the way of the minimum inhibitory contents (MiCs). When the content of silver sulfate is less than 2%, the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide and silver ions cooperate to kill bacteria. And the MiCs decrease and keep around 1.0× 10-4- 1.5 × 10-4 constantly with the increase of silver content. Furthermore, the MiCs decrease with the increase of temperature of heat-treatment when the temperature is lower than 500 ℃. But when the temperature is beyond 600 ℃ the MiCs increase quickly, which shows the inferior antibacterial performance.     

Different antibacterial mechanisms of titania nanotube arrays at various growth phases of E. coli

To clarify the antibacterial behavior at early adhesion, two titania nanotube (TNT) arrays were fabricated on polished commercially pure titanium (Ti), and the interaction mechanisms between TNT arrays and the model bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) were investigated. The results show that TNT arrays exhibit a significant early antibacterial effect, which is highly related to the surface free energy and nano-topography. The underlying antibacterial mechanisms include: (1) the anti-initial-attachment effect at the lag phase (0−4 h); (2) the anti-proliferation and physical bactericidal effects at the logarithmic phase (4−12 h); (3) the reduced antimicrobial properties probably due to the overgrowth of bacteria on TNT arrays at the stationary phase (12 h and then).     

掺杂对于旋涂热解法制备TiO_2薄膜的影响

研究了掺杂Cu和Sn对于旋涂热解法制备TiO_2薄膜的影响.将钛酸丁酯、乙酰丙酮、PEG等溶解成为乙醇溶液,将该溶液旋转涂布在玻璃基片上,并在500 ℃下煅烧可得TiO_2薄膜.掺杂Cu和Sn能改善TiO_2薄膜的光催化性能,AFM和XRD表明掺杂后可以改善薄膜的结晶性.     

喷雾干燥结合微波煅烧法制备微米级球形钼粉的研究

本文以仲钼酸铵(优级纯)为原料,通过结合气流式雾化干燥法和微波煅烧氢还原法制备出球形、微米级、比表面积大、分散性好的钼粉。重点研究雾化造粒过程和微波煅烧氢还原阶段的升温速率对最终Mo粉的形貌、粒度以及比表面积的影响及规律。研究结果表明,控制一定的参数可以制备出球形、微米级、分散性好的钼酸铵前驱体粉末;最终Mo粉的微观形貌受升温速率的影响,升温速率越低制备的Mo粉破碎越严重,且有少量团聚现象,升温速率越高制备的Mo粉球形度越高,分散性越好;升温速率也直接影响平均粒度和比表面积,升温速率越低,平均粒度越小,而比表面积越大,升温速率越高,平均粒度相应增大,比表面减小。     

All spray pyrolysis deposited CdS sensitized ZnO films for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

Sensitized-type solar cells based on ZnO photoanode and CdS quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers have been fabricated. Both ZnO films and CdS QDs are prepared using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) deposition technique. This method allows a facile and rapid deposition and integration between CdS QDs and ZnO films without the need for post thermal treatment. The photovoltaic performances of the cells are investigated. The results show that the performance of the cell based on all USP deposited CdS sensitized ZnO photoanode achieves maximally a short circuit current density of 6.99 mA cm⁻² and a power conversion efficiency of 1.54%.     

火焰喷焊G302合金粉末涂层的组织和性能

采用G302合金粉末在调质处理的27SiMn钢基体表面进行火焰喷焊,利用金相显微镜观察了喷焊层的截面组织;利用SEM能谱分析仪分析了喷焊层表面的成分分布;利用显微硬度计和磨粒磨损试验机分别分析测试了喷焊层的截面硬度和耐磨损性能,并与镀铬层进行对比。结果表明：喷焊涂层与基体结合良好,喷焊层合金成分均匀,组织为细小的枝状晶和等轴晶。性能与镀铬层相比,喷焊层的耐磨粒磨损性能约为镀铬涂层的1.1倍。     

Feedback control of HVOF thermal spray process accounting for powder size distribution

This work presents a novel formulation of the control problem and a feedback control system for the high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process, which explicitly accounts for the effect of powder size distribution. Initially, based on model predictions and available experimental data, the control problem is formulated as one of regulating appropriate averages (with respect to the particle volume distribution) of the temperature and velocity of the particles at the point of impact on substrate (these are the variables that directly influence coating microstructure and porosity, which, in turn, determine coating mechanical and thermal properties) by manipulating the oxygen/fuel ratio and the combustion chamber pressure, respectively. Then, a feedback control system is developed and applied to a detailed mathematical model of the process. Closed-loop simulations show that the average particle velocity and temperature at the point of impact on substrate reach the desired values in a short time, which validates the feasibility of real-time implementation of feedback control on HVOF thermal spray systems. It is also shown that the proposed formulation of the control problem (which accounts for the effect of powder size distribution) leads to a solution of the control problem that is superior (with respect to the achievement of the desired control objectives) to a solution that assumes a monodisperse powder size distribution. Finally, the proposed control problem formulation and the feedback control system are shown to be robust with respect to disturbances in spray distance and particle injection velocity, and variations in powder size distribution.     

Preparation of large size aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms by multi-layer spray deposition

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Effect of particle morphology on flow characteristics of a composite plasma spray powder

The effects of BaF₂-CaF₂ particle morphology on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) PS304 feedstock powder flowability were investigated, BaF₂-CaF₂ eutectic powders were fabricated by comminution (producing an angular morphology) and by gas atomization (producing a spherical morphology). The fluoride powders were added incrementally to the other powder constituents of the NASA PS304 feedstock, (Ni-Cr, Cr₂O₃, and Ag powders). A linear relationship between flow time and concentration of the BaF₂-CaF₂ powder was found. The flow of the powder blend with spherical BaF₂-CaF₂ was better than that with angular BaF₂-CaF₂. The flowability of the powder blend with angular fluorides decreased linearly with increasing fluoride concentration. However, the flow of the powder blend with spherical fluorides was independent of fluoride concentration. The results suggest that for this material blend, particle morphology plays a significant role in flow behavior, offering potential methods to improve powder flowability and enhance the commercial potential. These findings may be applicable to other difficult-to-flow powders such as cohesive ceramics.     

Preparation of nitrogen-doped titania and its photocatalytic activity

Yellowish nitrogen-doped titania was produced through sol-gel method in mild condition, with the elemental ni- trogen derived from aqua ammonia. The titania catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer, and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated under UV and visible light, respec- tively. The XRD results showed that all titania catalysts were anatase. More significantly, the crystallite size of nitro- gen-doped titania increased with an increase in N/Ti proportion, and the doping of nitrogen could extend the absorption shoulder into the visible-light region, thus it possessed a higher visible-light activity illustrated by decolorization of methyl orange (65.3%) under the irradiation of visible light, whereas pure titania showed little of such kind of visible light activity. The UV-light activity of nitrogen-doped titania catalysts was worse than that of pure titania and Degussa P25. In the range of N/Ti proportion of 4-10 mol%, the activity of nitrogen-doped titania weakened appreciably in the visible-light region as the N/Ti proportion increased, whereas a reverse relationship existed under the irradiation of UV light.     

高钛渣还原的氢化钛合金粉一步烧结制备高强钛合金（英文）

提出一种直接利用高钛渣制备高强钛合金的方法。先用镁粉还原高钛渣制备氧含量为1.3%(质量分数)的合金粉末,再将合金粉末在600 MPa压力下压制成小圆柱体,最后在氩气下烧结成钛合金产品。对还原粉末进行表征,研究烧结温度对烧结合金的烧后密度、抗压强度、显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度由900℃升高至1200℃,钛合金的密度增加,孔隙率降低,实现较好的烧结致密化(1100℃为98.65%,1200℃为99.41%),在1100℃时硬度达到HV 655.7,压缩强度为1563 MPa。     

喷焊合金粉末在涂铸工艺上的应用——结合区特征的研究

本文选用镍基，铁基，铜基等喷焊合金粉末应用在涂铸工艺上，使铸件表面形成具有特殊性能的合金层，经电镜，能谱分析，合金层与基体属于冶金结合，结合面较宽，形成犬牙交错。元素之间相互扩散，涂生能与合金粉末所具有的性能相似。喷焊合金粉末在涂铸工艺上的应用，解决了复杂零件表面合金化问题，应用在新产品上有明显的经济效益。