IEEE802.11e无线局域网语音性能分析模型

无线多媒体传输中,正确评估IEEE802.11e无线局域网的语音质量尤为重要.提出一种IEEE802.11e无线局域网的语音质量评价模型.该模型引入E-Model VoIP语音质量评估方法,估计IEEE802.11e无线局域网的语音质量.重点考虑碰撞丢失对语音质量的影响,建立新的碰撞概率表达式.通过MATLAB、NS2仿真分析比较了不同碰撞概率在新模型下的语音质量.结果表明提出的碰撞概率在新模型下语音质量最接近真实值,具有最高的评估准确度.     

VoWLAN系统的MAC层改进机制

IEEE 802.11b的DCF接入方式是为无线数据业务提供接入而设计的,不能有效地支持诸如语音之类的实时业务。提出了两种改进的MAC层机制来提高无线局域网上传输语音（VoWLAN）的系统容量和有效性。分析和仿真结果表明,改进机制显著提高了系统容量,并保证了传输延迟、抖动和平均丢包率等服务质量（QoS）要求。     

VoWLAN中基于TDMA的QoS机制的研究

针对无线局域网语音应用缺乏可靠服务质量的情况,提出了一种基于时分多址接入的服务质量新机制。该机制采用了IEEE802.15.3无线个域网的中心调度方式,使用时分多址接入机制控制节点接入信道。并在平均接入时延、时延抖动和分组丢失率三方面对IEEE802.11b、IEEE802.11e和新方案三者的性能进行了对比。仿真结果表明,IEEE802.11b性能最差,新机制的性能在平均接入时延和分组丢失率方面比IEEE802.11e分别改善了20%和50%左右。     

一种具有自适应传输门限的变速率MAC协议研究

IEEE802.11a是已得到广泛应用的无线局域网标准,可支持多种传输模式。然而,标准中并未给出如何在多种传输模式之间自适应切换的方法。基于IEEE802.11a,提出了一种Ad Hoc网络应用中具有自适应传输门限的变速率MAC,即AV-MAC(Variable rate Media Access Control protocol with Adaptive transmission-threshold)。该算法通过计算发送端所发送的RTS控制帧的接收信噪比,感知信道状态,并依据计算所得的自适应传输门限来判断是否可以发送其后的数据分组。如可以发送该数据分组,发送端将进一步根据接收信噪比选择最佳传输模式,从而优化网络的通过率。利用仿真工具OMNET++4.0对算法进行性能仿真分析,结果表明所提出的AV-MAC可显著提升网络的通过率。     

基于EDCA协议的视频流自适应映射机制

为提高802.11无线局域网中视频传输的质量,802.11工作组引入增强的分布式信道接入协议,但是这个协议没有充分考虑视频数据的特点。在研究该网络协议的基础上,提出一个改进的跨层自适应映射策略。在传输控制的过程中考虑视频包的重要性和当前的网络状态,能提高802.11网络中视频传输的质量。将该算法仿真结果与其它算法进行比较,比较结果表明,该算法在802.11无线局域网中的视频传输质量优于其它算法。     

IEEE 802.11无线局域网的TCP性能分析和改进

在分析IEEE 802.11无线局域网媒体接入控制（MAC）协议和传输控制协议（TCP）性能的基础上,提出了改进的MAC协议：BDCF.IEEE 802.11分布式协调功能（DCF）只支持前向数据传输,即数据帧只能由发送方传送到接收方.BDCF利用IEEE 802.11点协调功能（PCF）提供的数据帧格式,可以实现信息的双向传输,即收发双方相互交换数据帧.因此BDCF更适合传输面向连接的TCP业务.BDCF与IEEE 802.11完全兼容.仿真结果表明：BDCF可以提高网络吞吐量和降低数据帧的时延,理论分析结果基本准确.     

自适应调度的增强QoS保证机制

针对IEEE802.11的媒体接入控制层QoS支持技术进行了研究.基于无线局域网MAC层DCF和EDCF两种退避机制,提出了一种增强型自适应慢速递减的EASDCF方案,并在此基础上的结合IEEE802.11e的业务分级的思想,通过最大竞争窗口和重传次数的不同来区分不同的优先级,并对每个优先级进行区分服务.仿真结果表明,EASDCF机制所采用的分级策略提高了时延敏感业务的吞吐量,并使丢包率敏感的数据业务得到可靠保障,该算法能够有效地增强网络的QoS,提高整个网络的性能.     

基于IEEE 802.11无线局域网的视频流接入控制

从理论上分析了基于IEEE802.11b无线局域网的UDP可用带宽,重点分析了视频码流数目N、视频帧率与视频帧的平均帧长度间的关系,给出了分析结果。在此基础上,说明了无线局域网上视频流接入控制机制的必要性。实验结果表明,其结果很好地反映了802.11无线局域网上视频码流传输的实际特性,为实现基于IEEE802.11无线局域网的视频流接入控制提供了依据。     

基于NS2的网络负载自适应DCF实现及性能分析

根据网络负载自适应DCF机制的工作流程,对NS2网络仿真软件的IEEES02.11无线局域网仿真模块-Mac802.11类进行了修改和扩展,实现了NS2对网络负载自适应DCF机制的仿真.结果表明,与标准DCF机制相比,网络负载自适应DCF机制时IEEE802.11无线局域网的吞吐量、时延、时延抖动和公平性等方面的性能均有所提高.     

基于无线信道的冲突分解算法仿真研究

目前,无线局域网(WLAN)中的媒体接入控制层(MAC)广泛采用基于IEEE802.11的二进制指数回退算法(BEB)的DCF协议.当WLAN中的节点数目迅速增加时,该协议存在系统吞吐量会急剧降低,网络性能变差的缺点.详细分析了无线局域网中IEEE 802.11MAC层的二进制退避协议,指出原协议在进行冲突处理上的不足,并结合树型分解算法(TSA)和快速分解算法(FCR),提出一种改进的树型冲突分解算法(ITSA).并用MATLAB仿真了CSMA/CA协议和ITSA算法.分析和仿真结果证明,与IEEE 802.11等协议采用的二进制指数退避算法相比,该算法能较大的提高系统吞吐量.     

The changing usage of a mature campus-wide wireless network

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are now commonplace on many academic and corporate campuses. As “Wi-Fi” technology becomes ubiquitous, it is increasingly important to understand trends in the usage of these networks. This paper analyzes an extensive network trace from a mature 802.11 WLAN, including more than 550 access points and 7000 users over seventeen weeks. We employ several measurement techniques, including syslog messages, telephone records, SNMP polling and tcpdump packet captures. This is the largest WLAN study to date, and the first to look at a mature WLAN. We compare this trace to a trace taken after the network’s initial deployment two years prior.We found that the applications used on the WLAN changed dramatically, with significant increases in peer-to-peer and streaming multimedia traffic. Despite the introduction of a Voice over IP (VoIP) system that includes wireless handsets, our study indicates that VoIP has been used little on the wireless network thus far, and most VoIP calls are made on the wired network.We saw greater heterogeneity in the types of clients used, with more embedded wireless devices such as PDAs and mobile VoIP clients. We define a new metric for mobility, the “session diameter”. We use this metric to show that embedded devices have different mobility characteristics than laptops, and travel further and roam to more access points. Overall, users were surprisingly non-mobile, with half remaining close to home about 98% of the time.     

Enhancing VoIP service for ubiquitous communication in a campus WLAN with partial coverage

The IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology has become the de facto standard for wireless Internet access. The spotty coverage of WLAN access points, however, confines the applicability of many real-time services such as VoIP within the boundary of the WLAN service area. In this paper, we investigate the problem of enhancing VoIP service for ubiquitous communication in a WLAN with spotty service area. We consider a university campus that has an established infrastructure for supporting SIP-based VoIP service through either wired or wireless data networks. The campus WLAN service does not have 100% full coverage, and hence users cannot make untethered VoIP calls anywhere on campus. The goal of this paper is to overcome the limitations of such “dead spots” for motivating the use of campus IP telephony service. To proceed, we start with two approaches called one-hop extension and dual-mode communication. The first approach uses multi-hop relay to extend the WLAN coverage, while the second approach leverages the availability of dual-mode handsets for ubiquitous voice communication. We implement the two approaches, and evaluate their performance in the campus testbed environment. We find that while the two approaches can effectively allow voice communication in WLAN dead spots, they have one common problem as the potential lack of support for voice call continuity that can cause degradation of the speech quality to an active call. We adopt a cross-layer solution based on signal processing algorithms to address the problem, thus achieving seamless voice call continuity while enabling ubiquitous voice communication on campus. Testbed evaluation shows promising results for future research along the proposed direction.     

A survey of energy efficient MAC protocols for IEEE 802.11 WLAN

In recent years, IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been widely deployed, and more and more mobile devices have built-in WLAN interfaces. However, WLAN employs the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol, which consumes a significant portion of the energy resources of a mobile device. Hence, minimizing the energy consumption of the WLAN interface in mobile devices has recently attracted considerable interest in both academia and industry. This article provides a survey and an experimental study of the energy consumption issues and energy-efficient technologies of the MAC protocol in IEEE 802.11 WLAN.     

基于802.11b的服务质量保证及性能分析

提出了基于802.11b的双优先级队列和分布式带宽分配机制,在现有的IEEE 802.11协议无线局域网中提高时间敏感业务的性能。该方法可以通过升级设备驱动,在已经大量铺设的无线接入点中设置优先级队列和分布式带宽分配,对时间敏感业务提供高优先级的服务,提高业务性能,避免升级硬件需要的大量成本。为了计算不同业务的延迟,把IEEE 802.11局域网节点模型化为一个M/G/1队列,建立一个无线局域网系统模型,推导出系统延迟时间。性能分析结果表明,该方案可以明显提高时间敏感业务的性能。     

基于IEEE 802.11无线局域网的VoIP技术综述

作为一种实时应用,基于IEEE 802．11无线局域网的VoIP电话技术有其特定的需求,文章分析WLAN介质访问的特点及VoIP相关技术,指出传输延迟、抖动和丢包率等仍是影响VoIP通话质量的主要因素,并且对在WLAN下实现VoIP存在的问题,包括QoS、移动性等及其解决方法进行了探讨。     

IEEE 802.11ax密集WLAN的干扰协调策略

无线局域网(WLAN)中设备数量的指数级增长,导致激烈的信道争用及严重的同频干扰。当运行在同一频段上的两个WLAN在彼此感知范围内时,使用先监听后发送的分布式信道接入方式会引起资源浪费,降低网络吞吐率。提出一种密集WLAN场景下的干扰协调策略。根据IEEE 802.11ax中的基本服务集颜色对站点进行分组,提出协调交替目标唤醒时间策略(CAT),安排不同组内站点在不同的时间接收数据,从而避免信道争用,最小化干扰,同时通过优化下行数据包大小提高网络吞吐率。仿真结果表明,当两个WLAN距离很近时,CAT方案能够保证网络吞吐率。此外,在考虑误码率的情况下,吞吐率并非随着数据包的增大单调递增,而是存在一个阈值,超过该阈值后网络吞吐率即呈下降趋势。     

IEEE 802.11e无线局域网中VoIP容量分析及改进

IEEE 802.11e提供了对不同的业务流进行优先级区分的机制,提高了无线局域网（WLAN）内VoIP等实时业务相对于其他业务流的优先性,从而在一定程度上保障其QoS要求,但并没有对WLAN中移动节点（MH）和接入节点（AP）进行优先级的区分,导致AP处上下行业务流量的不平衡,并造成瓶颈效应,限制了VoIP容量。针对这一问题,在对WLAN中VoIP进行容量分析的基础上,提出一种改进AP信道接入能力的策略。通过对AP中队列长度的检测来判断网络拥塞程度,从而动态调整AP的仲裁帧间间隔（AIFS）,以达到根据网络拥塞状况来动态调整AP的优先级,弱化AP的瓶颈效应对VoIP容量制约的目的。仿真结果表明,所提出的改进方案能够有效地提高WLAN中的VoIP容量。     

Distributed channel assignment algorithms for 802.11n WLANs with heterogeneous clients

As the latest IEEE 802.11 standard, 802.11n applies several new technologies, such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO), channel bonding, and frame aggregation to greatly improve the rate, range and reliability of wireless local area networks (WLANs). In 802.11n WLANs, access points (APs) are often densely deployed to provide satisfactory coverage. Thus nearby APs should operate at non-overlapping channels to avoid mutual interference. It is challenging to assign channels in legacy 802.11a/b/g WLANs due to the limited number of channels. Channel assignment becomes more complex in 802.11n WLANs, as the channel bonding in 802.11n allows WLAN stations (APs and clients) to combine two adjacent, non-overlapping 20MHz channels together for transmission. On the other hand, IEEE 802.11n is backward compatible, such that 802.11n clients will coexist with legacy clients in 802.11n WLANs. Legacy clients may affect the performance of nearby 802.11n clients, and reduce the effectiveness of channel bonding. Based on these observations, in this paper, we study channel assignment in 802.11n WLANs with heterogeneous clients. We first present the network model, interference model, and throughput estimation model to estimate the throughput of each client. We then formulate the channel assignment problem into an optimization problem, with the objective of maximizing overall network throughput. Since the problem is NP-hard, we give a distributed channel assignment algorithm based on the throughput estimation model. We then present another channel assignment algorithm with lower complexity, and aim at minimizing interference experienced by high-rate, 802.11n clients. We have carried out extensive simulations to evaluate the proposed algorithms. Simulation results show that our algorithms can significantly improve the network throughput of 802.11n WLANs, compared with other channel assignment algorithms.     

Throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 multirate WLANs with collision aware rate adaptation algorithm

This paper presents a mathematical model that analyzes the throughput of the IEEE 802.11b distributed coordination function (DCF) with the collision aware rate adaptation (CARA) algorithm. IEEE 802.11 WLANs provide multiple transmission rates to improve system throughput by adapting the transmission rate to the current channel conditions. The system throughput is determined by some stations using low transmission rates due to bad channel conditions. CARA algorithm does not disturb the existing IEEE 802.11b formats and it can be easily incorporated into the commercial wireless local area networks (WLAN) devices. Finally, we verify our findings with simulation.     

Analysis of temporal and throughput fair scheduling in multirate WLANs

The IEEE 802.11e Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) provides controlled access features that can be used in conjunction with scheduling algorithms to provide guaranteed per-session services. However, the multirate operation of the WLAN complicates the design of scheduling and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning algorithms. We propose a new solution based on Controlled Access Phase Scheduling (CAPS) framework, introduced for fixed rate WLANs in our earlier works, and employ a new fair central scheduler to achieve guaranteed fair services in a WLAN. We examine the fairness issues involved in designing such an algorithm and study several fair scheduling algorithms that can be used with CAPS. We present a modified start time fair queuing based scheduler as our choice and analyze its performance under dynamic and static multirate operation. The algorithm is then evaluated through several simulation experiments. We show that the enhanced CAPS is able to adapt to multirate environments and provide both temporal and throughput fair services in 802.11e WLANs.