Problems in Polarization Metrology

Polarization metrology is gaining increased importance as polarized light is recently involved in different branches of science and technology. This paper summarizes the contributions of the optical polarization laboratory at the National Institute for standards (NIS, Egypt) during the last 25 years. These include introducing a new class of total internal reflection phase retarders, modifying the Senarmont method to allow for simultaneous calibration of two phase plates at any wavelength, birefringence measurements, applications of the Poincaré sphere, calibration and adjustment of polarization elements and measurements of the optical constants of conductors.     

Money Metrology

Measurement Techniques - The influence of the provisions of legal metrology on the formation and functioning of the monetary environment in the market is studied. It is shown that the use of...     

Talking about Metrology and Energy On World Metrology Day

The theme of this year's World Metrology Day is "Metrology and Energy". The energy problem is an important issue for the whole world and has received great attention in China since China is both a big energy-consuming country and a country severely short of energy.Under the energy and environmental pressure, China will take measures in the following four respects in order to solve the problem of energy shortage:     

石墨烯在计量科学中的应用

石墨烯是一种具有奇异特性的新型材料,它由单层碳原子构成六方蜂巢状二维结构。因其具有独特的电子能带结构而显示相对论电子学特性,石墨烯是迄今为止人类发现的最理想的二维电子系统,具有丰富而新奇的物理特性。综述了石墨烯的结构、特性、制备方法及其可能的工业应用,结合现代计量科学进展,对石墨烯在量子计量基准中的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于"层次计量架构"的通用计量软件研究

针对日益复杂的程控仪器设备计量的自动化控制问题,提出了一种基于“层次计量架构”思想的软件开发构想,并定义了约束条件。由于程控仪器越来越专业化、集成化,使专业计量工程师要花费很大精力用于程控软件的研发。即使是本专业的人员对自己不熟悉的仪器设备,对此往往有很大隔阂。对“层次计量架构”关于专用程控仪器设备的程控软件的通用性和扩展性问题进行了分析,为快速开发出对特定计量任务的程控软件提出了一种新的构想。采用这种思想设计并实现了通用微波功率计量软件系统,并考虑了系统的扩展性和移植性的问题。     

Metrology and standards in nanotechnology

The problems of metrological support in nanotechnology and the trends in the development of nanometrology are discussed. The present state of standardization in the nanotechnology industry is analyzed. Translated from Izmerital'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 45–48, September, 2008.     

纳米技术与计量学

纳米科学技术,简称“纳米技术”,是研究在原子和分子水平上操纵物质的能力。它内容广泛,有多种多样的工业需求,交运载未来的科技、经济、社会发展和国家安全产生重大影响,现已成为一个国际竞相争夺的科技战略重点,本文扼要叙述了纳米技术的三大主要领域（纳米材料学,纳米电子学和纳米医学）及其应用前景,以及计量学在纳米技术方面所起的重要作用。在重点部署纳米技术的基础研究,基地建设和产业化工作的同时,要注意纳米计量学的同步发展。     

三维表面测量的发展

在过去八年里,三维表面测量已经由一个新鲜事物发展成为评估工程表面特性的重要依据,并得到广泛应用。表面形貌对于表面特性,如摩擦、磨损、腐蚀、疲劳、涂层等,具有举足轻重的影响。为了充分分析和研究表面特性,表面测量与评估应按三维考虑。近年来,许多世界上著名的学术团体已致力于研究一个系列的三维表面粗糙度标准。作者在本文介绍近年来三维表面评定和标准化的进展。     

Excel在真空计量中的应用

在真空计量领域中，Ｅｘｃｅｌ电子表格软件得到了广泛的应用。本文举例说明了Ｅｘｃｅｌ的数据计算，统计分析，回归分析，宏、ＯＬＥ和ＤＤＥ功能。     

欧洲动态计量技术发展

从20世纪末开始,在欧洲区域计量组织(EURAMET)的支持下,欧洲各国以国家计量机构为主,加大了对动态计量技术的研究力度,尤其是可溯源动态力学量、高精度运动参数等机械量的动态计量技术研究,以及不确定度评估、动态建模、动态测量放大器校准等共性技术研究,成为国际动态计量技术研究的新的热点区域。通过深入的联合研究、广泛的国际学术交流、领导或参与各种国际计量组织并制定各种国际计量标准,以PTB,LNE,NPL为首的欧洲计量研究机构在国际动态计量技术发展中展现出强大的影响力和领导力。相关技术方向和组织管理方式对于我国动态计量技术发展具有重要的借鉴作用。     

Metrology and Energy Conservation

May 20 is World Metrology Day and the theme of this year is "Metrology and Energy Conservation." Energy is not only a vital issue for China, but also for the world. In order to implement Proposal of the CPC Central Committee on the 11th Five-Year Program for National Economic and Social Development, the government bulletin of 5th Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee announced that "there shall be marked improvement on resource utilization; the energy consumption for unit GDP shall cut 20%, water consumption of unit industrial added value drop 30%... and the recycle ratio of industrial solid wastes shall raise by 60%." These are key targets of economic development during the 11th five-year program. To make full use of metrology for energy conservation and energy utilization, the competent metrology department of Chinese Goyernment advanced metrology program in light of China's energy status.     

型号计量管理与控制

在型号工程中,计量工作是武器装备发展的技术基础,是提高型号研制水平和保证型号产品质量的必要手段。本文从建立计量师系统、加强计量保障的过程控制以及型号计量工作的关注重点等方面详细阐述了如何做好型号计量的管理与控制。     

Advanced Magnetic Metrology Instrumentation

1. Advancements in Vibrating Sample Magnetometers (VSMs)The VSM is the basic instrument for characterizing magnetic materials as a function of magneticfield and temperature. Its simplicity, versatility andspeed have made it the instrument of choice for bothlaboratory and production environments, ever sinceits invention some forty years ago. Recent advancements in magnetic materials, particularly for the datastorage industry, have imposed new demands on theperformance of VSM systems. They …