微生物絮凝剂产生菌的最佳培养条件

从重庆城南污水厂的回流污泥中筛选得到一株具有稳定絮凝活性的菌株RL-2，初步鉴定为假单胞菌属。通过优化试验确定菌株RL-2产絮凝剂的最佳培养基及培养条件为：以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母膏 (NH4)2SO4为氮源，初始pH值为8，培养温度为30℃，通气量(以摇床转速表示)为120～150r／min，培养2d可获得具有高絮凝活性的生物絮凝剂。且在最佳操作条件下，该菌株对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达98．1％。对多种实际废水有明显的净化效果。     

制酒废水培养复合型生物絮凝剂产生菌的研究

为了提高微生物絮凝剂的产量，增强其絮凝效果和稳定性，扩大其应用范围，利用制酒废水培养了4株酵母菌类絮凝剂产生菌，并考察了它们的最佳培养条件。混合培养的结果表明，具有最高絮凝率的混合菌株为HJ4，其最佳培养条件是：相对接种量为15％，培养基初始pH值为4．5，碳氮比为20：1，废水的COD为12000mg／L，在该条件下所产絮凝剂的絮凝率可达94．7％。混合菌株HJ4所产复合型絮凝剂MBF4对实际废水的色度和浊度的去除率均在80％以上，对COD的去除率为20％～90％，说明利用制酒废水培养混合型酵母类絮凝剂产生菌是完全可行的。     

草鱼铜绿假单胞菌灭活疫苗发酵培养基的优化及其在发酵罐的生长试验

为培养优质的铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa菌液,通过单因素试验对草鱼铜绿假单胞菌灭活疫苗发酵培养基的氮源、碳源和磷酸盐成分进行了筛选,采用正交试验法对培养基各主要成分的用量进行了优化组合,并经过验证试验绘制出了铜绿假单胞菌JP802在优化培养基条件下的5 L发酵罐生长曲线。结果表明:草鱼赤皮病铜绿假单胞菌JP802发酵培养基中最佳氮源为蛋白胨+牛肉膏+酵母膏,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳磷酸盐为磷酸氢二钾;确立了培养基的优化配方为蛋白胨10 g/L、牛肉膏5.0 g/L、酵母膏2.5 g/L、葡萄糖5.0 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.75 g/L、氯化钠5.0 g/L,JP802菌株在此培养基中发酵14 h菌体浓度达到最大(OD_(600 nm)值为6.44)。研究表明,通过对发酵培养基的优化,可以获得更高产量的铜绿假单胞菌JP802发酵菌液。     

草鱼铜绿假单胞菌灭活疫苗发酵培养基的优化及其在发酵罐的生长试验

为培养优质的铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa菌液,通过单因素试验对草鱼铜绿假单胞菌灭活疫苗发酵培养基的氮源、碳源和磷酸盐成分进行了筛选,采用正交试验法对培养基各主要成分的用量进行了优化组合,并经过验证试验绘制出了铜绿假单胞菌JP802在优化培养基条件下的5 L发酵罐生长曲线。结果表明:草鱼赤皮病铜绿假单胞菌JP802发酵培养基中最佳氮源为蛋白胨+牛肉膏+酵母膏,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳磷酸盐为磷酸氢二钾;确立了培养基的优化配方为蛋白胨10 g/L、牛肉膏5.0 g/L、酵母膏2.5 g/L、葡萄糖5.0 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.75 g/L、氯化钠5.0 g/L,JP802菌株在此培养基中发酵14 h菌体浓度达到最大(OD_(600 nm)值为6.44)。研究表明,通过对发酵培养基的优化,可以获得更高产量的铜绿假单胞菌JP802发酵菌液。     

利用淀粉废水培养复合型絮凝剂产生菌研究

利用淀粉废水驯化、培养复合型微生物絮凝剂产生菌,并对其培养条件如废水COD浓度、氮源、营养比以及培养时间等进行了研究。结果表明,由复合型絮凝剂产生菌M17合成的絮凝剂——CMBF-17的絮凝效果最好;M17菌株的最优培养条件是：COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,氮源为尿素,C∶N∶P=100∶5∶2,培养时间为42 h,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为150 r/min;在该条件下得到的CMBF-17对高岭土悬液的絮凝率达90%,当被用于处理养殖废水、印钞废水、印染废水及府南河水时,对COD、浊度及色度的去除率最高分别可达54%、88%和75%。     

混合菌利用制酒废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

从成都某污水处理厂活性污泥中分离、筛选了2株絮凝剂产生茵,初步鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和膜璞毕赤酵母(Pichia membranifaciens).利用制酒废水替代成本较高的传统培养基对这两株菌的混合菌(HXJ-1)的最佳产絮条件和絮凝剂的最佳絮凝条件进行了研究,得出了HXJ-1的最佳产絮务件:废水COD为12 000 mg/L,C/N值为20:1,相对接种量为10%(体积分数,菌体浓度为1×108个/L),初始pH值为3.6(制酒废水自然pH),摇床转速为120r/min,培养温度为30℃.在此条件下,发酵24 h所产生的絮凝剂XJBF-1)对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率平均为89.50%.以浓度为l g/L的高岭土悬浊液(93 mL)为试验对象,得出了XJBF-1的最佳絮凝条件,即:絮凝体系的pH值为7;絮凝剂用量为2 mL;以l%的CaCl2为助凝剂,其投量为5mL.     

复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1的性能及应用研究

分析了复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1的物质组成及絮凝活性,同时考察了该絮凝剂对淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,XJBF-1主要由多糖(63.4%)组成,其分子为线性结构,平均分子质量为50 798 u,具有较高的絮凝活性。XJBF-1处理淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液的最佳pH值分别为3、6、6,最佳絮凝剂投量均为7.0 mL/L,最佳助凝剂(1%的CaC l2)投量分别为4、8、8 mL/L。在此条件下,XJBF-1对淀粉废水、印染废水及垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率分别达到88%、66%、58%,其对淀粉废水及印染废水的处理效果优于阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺。     

关于对微生物絮凝剂的实验研究

本研究首先是进行高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选工作。选择活性污泥作为菌种来源,针对不同类别的微生物,采用各种不同的培养基,使用平板划线法,将样品中的微生物经多次稀释。划线分离后形成纯培养物,并得到7株菌株.并发现他们的絮凝率都在50%以上(培养基中的药物成分的颜色导致了它们的絮凝率偏底)。将单菌株分别培养于酵母膏和牛肉蛋白胨液体培养基中,摇床培养一定时间后,以高岭土悬浊液筛选具有絮凝活性的菌种。由此获得4株微生物絮凝剂产生菌,其中有1株絮凝活性较高,初步鉴定为酵母菌,代号为5.本文对5号培养液去除印染废水的COD的能力进行了测定,并对其降低印染废水的浊度的能力进行了测定。通过实验发现其絮凝率和COD的去除能力的效果良好。     

建材机械加工过程中切削乳化废水处理

针对切削乳化废水稳定性高,COD值高及采用单一絮凝剂处理难以达到破乳目的等特点,自制出液体硅酸铝铁絮凝剂（PAFSi）,优化了破乳、絮凝条件,得出了自制液体硅酸铝铁絮凝剂适用的pH值、投药量、温度、搅拌时间和强度等的最佳絮凝条件。实验结果表明,在pH≈5．8～6．5,投量为10．0～12．0ml／100ml,温度50℃～55℃的条件下,搅拌速度60r／min～70r／min,用自制絮凝剂处理COD为98700mg／L机械切削乳化废水,COD去除率达98．5％。     

固定化除油工程菌处理含油废水研究

利用固定化微生物技术处理含油废水，在油浓度低于50mg／L和高于50mg／L时，固定化工程茵对它的平均去除效率分别为80％和60％。在连续运行中发现高效工程茵的优势菌由开始时的假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌演变为芽孢杆菌。     

Removal of veterinary antibiotics from sequencing batch reactor (SBR) pretreated swine wastewater by Fenton's reagent

The large-scale application of veterinary antibiotics in livestock industry makes swine wastewater an important source of antibiotics pollution. This work investigated the degradation of six selected antibiotics, including five sulfonamides and one macrolide, by Fenton's reagent in swine wastewater pretreated with sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The dosing mode and practical dosage of Fenton's reagent were optimized to achieve an effective removal of antibiotics while save the treatment cost. The effects of initial pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) of the SBR effluent on antibiotics degradation were examined. The results indicate that the optimal conditions for Fenton's reagent with respect to practical application were as follows: batch dosing mode, 1.5:1 molar ratio of [H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺], initial pH 5.0. Under the optimal conditions, Fenton's reagent could effectively degrade all the selected antibiotics and was resistant to the variations in the background COD (0-419 mg/L) and SS (0-250 mg/L) of the SBR effluent. Besides, Fenton's reagent helped to not only remove total organic carbon (TOC), heavy metals (As, Cu and Pb) and total phosphorus (TP), but also inactivate bacteria and reduce wastewater toxicity. This work demonstrates that the integrated process combining SBR with Fenton's reagent could provide comprehensive treatment to swine wastewater.     

Fenton氧化处理炼化废水中苯酚的实验研究

通过单因素实验探索了Fenton氧化炼化废水中苯酚的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,最佳氧化反应条件为:pH=3.5,反应温度为20℃,H2O2投加量为12mL·L-1,反应时间为30min,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为600mg·L-1。因此用Fenton氧化法处理含苯酚废水是一种非常有效的方法。     

高效絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化

采用平板划线法从活性污泥中分离筛选到一株絮凝活性较高的菌株B-6,通过单因子试验,分别考察碳源、氮源、初始pH、培养温度及培养时间等因素对其产絮凝剂能力的影响,确定最佳培养条件.结果表明,该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母膏为氮源、初始pH 7.0,培养温度为35℃、培养时间为72h时,该菌株所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达到93.6%.研究了生物絮凝剂对生活污水、泥浆废水、洗煤废水和印染废水的絮凝效果,发现除印染废水外,该生物絮凝剂对其余3种废水均具有一定的絮凝效果,其中对于泥浆废水絮凝效果最好,絮凝率可达92.2%.     

化学强化预处理环氧丙烷废水的试验研究

以环氧丙烷废水为研究对象初步研究了H2O2预氧化作为化学强化预处理的最佳试验条件以及预氧化+生物接触氧化工艺处理的效果。结果表明,用H2O2预处理环氧丙烷废水取得了良好效果。经预处理后,COD总去除率可达到92%,提高了废水的可生化性。     

Optimisation of process parameters for bioreduction of azo dyes using Bacillus firmus under batch anaerobic condition

A new dye decolourising bacterial strain was isolated from textile wastewater and identified as Bacillus firmus. The study indicated that the bacterium could efficiently decolourise different azo dyes under static culture conditions. Characterisation of the efficiency of azo dye reduction by this isolate using both spectral and HPLC analysis was found to be a function of process parameters which include dye concentration, culture broth pH, incubation temperature, aeration as well as nitrogen source. For decolourisation, the optimal pH and temperature were 7–8 and 20–35°C respectively, while remarkable dye degradation was obtained within 18 h for dye concentrations below 100 mg L^?1. With the addition of yeast extract and under optimal conditions, dye reduction was enhanced and complete colour removal was achieved within 12 h. Colour removal was shown to be due to biodegradation rather than adsorption of dyes on bacterial cells. This study confirms the ability of the new dye‐degrading strain, Bacillus firmus, to decolourise and degrade different azo dyes and highlights its high biotechnology potential for the eco‐friendly treatment of textile wastewater when optimal conditions are applied.     

Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor

Anaerobic treatability of a real cotton textile wastewater was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with pumice as the support material. The immobilized biomass or attached volatile solids level on the support material was 0.073 g VSS/g support material at the end of the 128-d start-up period. During the operation period, real cotton textile wastewater was fed to the anaerobic FBR both unsupplemented (in Stages 1 and 2) and supplemented (with synthetic municipal wastewater in Stage 3 and glucose in Stages 4-6). The effect of operational conditions such as organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent glucose concentration as the co-substrate, etc. was investigated to achieve the maximum color removal efficiency in the reactor. Results indicated that anaerobic treatment of textile wastewater studied was possible with the supplementation of an external carbon source in the form of glucose (about 2g/l). The corresponding maximum COD, BOD(5) and color removals were found to be around 82%, 94% and 59%, respectively, for HRT of around 24h and OLR of 3 kg COD/m(3)/d. Further increase in external carbon source added to real textile wastewater did not improve the color removal efficiency of the anaerobic FBR reactor.     

光催化氧化法处理造纸废液研究

以高压汞灯作光源、锐钛矿型TiO2为催化剂，开展了光催化氧化法降解造纸废液的试验研究，考察了TiO2投量、H2O2投量、pH值、反应时间等因素对降解效果的影响。试验表明：25mL的废液在Ti02投量为0．3g、3％的H2O2投量为4mL、pH=12．5的条件下，于室温下光照2h后对COD的去除率和脱色率分别达到了60％和90％，即采用光催化氧化法处理造纸废液是有效的。     

Nitrification of ammonia in wastewater: Field observations and laboratory studies

Complete nitrification of ammonia in partially treated domestic wastewater was demonstrated in a mixed culture chemostat. The optimal detention time of water in the chemostat for maximal nitrification was 6–7 days. In the field, a significant number of nitrifying bacteria was present in a wastewater reservoir, as well as in samples of inflowing water from the preceding anaerobic overloaded oxidation pond.     

膜生物反应器处理造纸废水研究

为了确定针对造纸废水处理的外置式膜生物反应器的最佳运行条件,采用中试膜生物反应器系统处理实际造纸废水,试验对COD和色度的平均去除率分别为93.7%和79.2%,并确定膜组件清洗周期为150 d。