适用于发展性故障的故障分量提取算法

提出了适用于发展性故障的故障分量提取算法。该算法首先计算发展性故障发生前保护安装处的故障分量,再根据发展性故障发生前保护安装处的电流和获取的故障分量求得非故障状态网络中的支路电流;发生发展性故障后,利用保护安装处的全电流减去求得的支路电流得到发展性故障后的故障分量电流。该算法不受电网参数波动和负荷变化的影响。在IEEE 9节点系统模型基础上,BPA仿真验证了算法的正确性。     

基于负序故障附加网络模型识别的有源配电网保护

目前,大量分布式电源与不可测负荷分支接入配电网,原有保护方案不能满足新型配电网需求。通过分析含不可测负荷分支的有源配电网的不对称故障特点,建立区内、外负序故障附加网络等值模型。分析所得等值模型,提取出被保护线路在区内、外故障下不同的模型表达,以此设计基于模型识别的保护判据,构造一种基于负序故障附加网络模型识别的保护方案。利用PSCAD仿真软件搭建10 kV有源配电网模型,对所提方案进行验证。结果表明所提方案能准确实现故障区域识别。     

基于故障等值网络的双馈风电机组三相短路电流计算方法研究

目前关于双馈风电机组短路电流的研究主要基于传统磁链分析方法。提出一种计算双馈风电机组定转子三相短路电流的新方法。首先将发生三相对称短路的故障网络分解为无故障网络和故障附加网络,在此基础上,考虑机端电压相位跳变以及转子侧变流器调控的影响,从功能解耦的角度出发,进一步将故障附加网络分解为定子侧故障附加网络和转子侧故障附加网络。然后利用Laplace变换方法计算两组故障附加网络下的定转子短路电流增量,并推导全电流解析式。仿真及动模实验结果均验证了定转子短路电流表达式的正确性,对于含双馈风电机组的电力系统短路电流计算和继电保护整定意义重大。     

An Improved Pilot Relaying Scheme for Shunt Compensated Transmission Line Protection Based on Superimposed Reactive Power Coefficients

The fault component power and energy based relaying schemes have limitation during double-phase to ground fault due to the mutual coupling effect. This article presents a superimposed reactive power coefficient (SRPC) based pilot relaying scheme for the protection of shunt compensated transmission line. SRPC of a phase is defined as the ratio of integrated superimposed reactive power (SRP) of that phase to the maximum magnitude of integrated SRPs among all three phases. If SRPC of any phase is found less than ?0.5, an internal fault is detected and that phase is considered as a faulty phase. If no phase possesses SRPC less than ?0.5, the fault is an external fault. The algorithm will start only if the superimposed differential current of any phase is found more than 50% of pre-fault differential current. The results are obtained using PSCAD/EMTDC software for different conditions, such as different fault resistances, fault locations, static VAR compensator locations, and source impedances. The proposed scheme is found robust and accurate for all the cases considered. The performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the recently proposed similar type of scheme and is unaffected from capacitive coupled voltage transformer and current transformer measurement errors and synchronization error.     

故障分量比率差动对变压器轻微故障检测的研究

章将故障分量的比率差动保护与传统比率差动保护在检测变压器内部轻微故障，如匝间短路、高阻接地短路动作灵敏度方面作了一些比较，用EMTP建立了变压器匝间短路和高阻接地的模型，并在模型的基础上进行了仿真验证，充分说明了故障分量比率差动保护在性能上的优越性。     

适用于双馈风电场联络线故障选相方法

双馈风电机组复杂的故障电流特性使得应用于双馈风电场联络线上的传统选相元件性能严重劣化,难以满足双馈风电场联络线保护与重合闸的选相需求。根据双馈风电机组的低电压穿越控制策略,分析了传统选相元件应用于双馈风电场联络线面临的缺陷。提出了基于相间电压突变量和相电压突变量幅值比较的故障选相新方法。根据双馈风电场侧保护安装处相电压突变量与相间电压突变量之间的比例关系,构建了故障相别选择系数,并利用故障相别选择系数在不同电网故障类型下的特征,以实现故障选相。仿真结果表明,所提选相元件可以可靠地选出故障相。     

一种新的自适应突变量距离保护方案

针对传统突变量距离保护在两侧系统电势相位差较大时发生外部短路等情况有可能误动的缺点,借助同步相量测量技术提供的信息,研究了一种根据系统实时参数自适应调整保护动作门槛的新算法.首先分析了传统解决办法的局限性,通过理论证明,确定了原有判据发生误动的边界条件,在此基础上提出采用自适应门槛和判据切换的复合突变量距离保护新判据.对于保护区整定在本线路内的突变量距离保护,其动作可靠性和灵敏度得到了提高.ATP仿真结果验证了判据的有效性.     

基于相关分析的同杆双回线故障序分量选相研究

提出一种基于相关分析的同杆双回线故障分量选相元件,采用六序复合序网法作为基本的分析方法。六序复合序网直观地反映了同杆双回线各种故障时六序故障分量之间的相位关系和幅值关系,为故障选相提供了简单、方便的手段。相关分析法应用于故障选相可以迅速、准确地反映故障分量之间的相位关系。通过大量的仿真计算,验证了该原理的正确性和有效性。     

基于相空间重构和支持向量机的三电平逆变器故障诊断技术

针对三电平逆变器交叉两桥臂的两只功率管同时开路故障(非典型故障)诊断问题,提出一种基于相空间重构和支持向量机(SVM)的故障诊断方法。该方法以三相电流为检测信号,为降低特征向量的维数,对三相电流进行了Park变换,然后采用相空间重构技术,对d、q轴电流分别进行重构,得到不同形状、大小和方向的电流轨迹图形,借助图像处理技术从中提取出故障特征向量,将其作为学习样本,在SVM中训练,使分类器能够建立不同特征向量和故障类型的映射关系,实现对二极管中点箝位型(NPC)三电平逆变器的故障诊断。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确地定位故障元,诊断精度高。     

Detection,Classification, and Estimation of Fault Location on an Overhead Transmission Line Using S-transform and Neural Network

This article demonstrates a technique for diagnosis of fault type and faulty phase on overhead transmission lines. A method for computation of fault location is also incorporated in this work. The proposed method is based on the multi-resolution S-transform, which is used for generating complex S-matrices of the current signals measured at the sending and receiving ends of the line. The peak magnitude of the absolute value of every S-matrix is noted. The phase angle corresponding to every peak component is obtained from the argument of the relevant S-matrix. These features are used as input vectors of a probabilistic neural network for fault detection and classification. Detection of faulty phase(s) is followed by estimation of fault location. The voltage signal of the affected phase is processed to generate the S-matrix. The frequency components of the S-matrices for different fault locations are used as input vectors for training a back-propagation neural network. The results are obtained with satisfactory accuracy and speed. All the simulations have been done in MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) environment for different values of fault locations, fault resistances, and fault inception angles. The effect of noise on both the current and voltage signals has been investigated.     

Accurate one‐terminal fault location algorithm based on the principle of short‐circuit calculation

An alternative method to find the line fault distance in a transmission network employing only one‐terminal measured data is presented. The proposed method applies Z_bus for short‐circuit calculation to find the fault location on a transmission line without the necessity to know the fault type a priori. The well‐known drawback of the standard simple‐reactance one‐terminal algorithm, which neglects the effect of fault impedance, will be minimized by estimating the voltage drop at the fault location by employing the Z_bus technique. Accuracy the proposed method is demonstrated using the short‐circuit simulation of the modified IEEE‐14 bus test system on MATLAB/Simulink and the Simpower Toolbox. Compared to the accuracy obtained from the standard one‐terminal algorithm, test results confirm substantially improved accuracy of the proposed method in all cases of the four types of fault categories: single line‐to‐ground fault; double line‐to‐ground fault; line‐to‐line fault; and balance three‐phase fault. While the accuracy has been significantly improved, especially for the case with a relatively high fault impedance, also the simplicity in the involved computation is well preserved when compared to other iterative‐based techniques. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于电压相位比较的双馈风电场输电线路单相接地距离保护

基于双dq坐标系的双馈感应发电机(DFIG)暂态模型,推导了DFIG正、负序突变量阻抗表达式并研究其相角变化特征。针对DFIG突变量阻抗角变化,提出一种单相接地时故障点序电流与保护安装处序电流之间相位差的计算方法,从而得到以保护安装处电压为参考值的故障点电压和补偿电压的相角。以区内外故障时故障点电压和补偿电压之间的相位关系为依据,提出适用于双馈风电场输电线路的电压相位比较距离保护方案。仿真结果表明,所提方法不受过渡电阻、故障位置及系统运行方式的影响,能够准确判别区内外故障。     

A new approach of fast fault detection in HV-B transmission lines based on Detail Spectrum Energy analysis using oscillographic data

The main focus of this research is to develop an accurate real-time method for fault detection and analysis of HVB (High Voltage Class-B) transmission lines. The current and voltage signals of oscillographic records are acquired by the distance protections relays with minimum impedance GE D60-1 installed in the electrical network of SONELGAZ (Algerian Company of Electricity and GAS). This method deals on the evaluation of the Detail Spectrum Energy (DSE) calculated from the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) applied on the current phases by moving data windows with length equivalent to one cycle of the fundamental power frequency. The fault detection algorithm is processed at first scale superimposed in the fault current signals (phases and ground) by the sharp variation of (DSE). Most of the existing methods treat the disturbances and faults simultaneously exist in transmission line as a single type. The proposed method has the ability to discriminate between the disturbances and the faults. This study is compared with the “Powerful Analysis of all Protection Fault Records” SIGRA software for determining the start fault inception and it’s clearing time. The performance of this method was tested and evaluated on a real data records and can accurately detect the fault within only half a cycle from the instant of fault occurrence.     

Fault‐tolerant control for wireless networked control systems with an integrated scheduler

This paper addresses a study of fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for wireless networked control systems (WNCSs) in industrial automatic processes. The WNCSs is composed of many subsystems, which operate with different sampling cycles. In order to meet the real‐time requirements and ensure a deterministic data transmission, the time division multiple access (TDMA) mechanism is adopted in WNCSs. The data in WNCSs are transmitted following a TDMA‐based scheduler. According to the periodicity, WNCSs integrated with the scheduler is first formulated as discrete linear time periodic systems (LTPSs). Afterwards, a fault estimation method for LTPSs is developed under a H_∞ performance specification with a regional pole constraint. With the achieved state observer and fault estimator, an FTC strategy for LTPSs is explored. Finally, the proposed methods are verified on a physical experimental WiNC platform. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Iterative and Cost-Based Approach for Optimal SFCL Allocation in Fault Level-Constrained Meshed Networks

Abstract

In this article, an allocation method for superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to reduce the exceeded short circuit current within the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers (CBs) is proposed. A cost-based allocation method is advised because of the high cost of SFCL depending on its type. In this article, the multiple parameters such as number, impedance size and type of the SFCLs in meshed networks are determined by defining a cost function for SFCL and using a new hybrid genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis (HGASA) optimization. The proposed method is based on gradual (step by step) adding the multiple SFCLs in various points of the network during the iterative-based process to optimal SFCL allocation with the least economic costs in fault level-constrained meshed networks. A sensitivity index based on the average decrease of fault current is proposed to reduce the search space and to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Also, since the different types of SFCLs have different behavior in fault current mitigation, they are analyzed and considered in this article. IEEE 30-bus test system is chosen to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

结合EMD-WVD和布谷鸟搜索算法的输电线路故障暂态保护

为促进基于波形唯一性暂态保护原理的实用化,提出了一种结合经验模态分解-维格纳威尔分布（EMD-WVD）和布谷鸟搜索算法的输电线路暂态保护方法。该方法利用EMD处理故障暂态信号,得到不同频段的单分量信号;采用波形相关性系数对各单分量信号分别与原暂态信号进行相似度计算,筛选真实暂态信号分量。然后,对真分量分别求WVD,并将所有真分量的WVD进行线性叠加获得的能量谱密度图与故障样本库中的能量谱密度图不断迭代匹配计算相似度,依据相似度判别区内外故障,实现输电线路故障快速可靠保护。仿真结果表明,EMD-WVD方法能有效提高故障暂态波形分析的准确度,布谷鸟搜索算法能有效提高波形匹配速度,两者结合有望促进暂态保护的实用化。     

Real time evaluation of DWT-based high impedance fault detection in EHV transmission

It is possible to capture the required travelling wave information contained in fault transients using wavelet transform. This paper presents practical real time testing for the high impedance fault (HIF) detection algorithm based on real time accidents data. The proposed scheme is implemented for HIF detection in extra high voltage transmission lines. The classifier is based on an algorithm that uses recursive method to sum the absolute values of the high frequency signal generated over one cycle and shifting one sample. Characteristics of this scheme are analyzed by extensive real time studies that clearly reveal that this technique can accurately detect HIFs in the EHV transmission lines within only half a cycle from the instant of fault occurrence. The reliability of this scheme is not affected by different fault conditions such as fault distance and fault inception angle.     

基于BAS-IGA的含分布式电源配电网故障定位

针对遗传算法解决含分布式电源配电网故障区段定位易早熟收敛的问题,提出了一种基于天牛须搜索算法和改进遗传算法相结合的故障定位方法.该方法首先利用天牛须搜索算法产生高质量的初始种群,其次通过构造遗传算法数学模型、优化3种遗传算子和调节交叉变异概率对遗传算法进行改进,最终经遗传迭代产生最优解,达到精确定位故障区段的目的.以I...     

一种自动适应系统运行方式变化的新型突变量选相元件

针对传统电流突变量和电压突变量选相元件不能同时满足强弱电源系统侧保护要求的缺点，提出一种新的突变量选相原理。该选相元件在电压突变量基础上引入单相电流突变量进行极化，不但能自动适应系统运行方式的变化，尤其在系统正负序阻抗不等导致传统突变量选相元件失效的场合，更能体现出其优越性。值得指出的是，该选相元件对单相短路故障和相间短路(接地)判断均有很高的灵敏度。直流系统电磁暂态仿真结果表明，即使在正负序严重不对称的场合，该元件也具有很好的选择性。当系统参数大范围变化时，该选相判据也能实现正确选相，比传统突变量选相方案具有更高的可靠性。     

配电网快速故障点转移熄弧方法的有效性在线辨识研究

针对中性点不接地系统快速故障点转移熄弧方法在故障相母线接地期间无法判断原故障点故障状态的问题,分析了线路重载和轻载两种情况下站内可测电气量的特征差异。当线路重载时,若原故障点故障未消除,两同相接地点间的大地支路将对负荷电流产生分流,推导叠加负荷分量的母线接地点电流表达式。利用幅值和相位偏移度是否超过所设门槛值判断原故障点状态。当线路轻载时,若原故障点故障未消除,两同相接地点使中性点不接地系统零序通路改变。利用对称分量法分别计算一点接地和两点接地时的故障线路零序电流,利用零序电流偏移度判断原故障点状态。设计了故障相母线接地期间原故障点状态辨识及动作流程,并通过ATP仿真软件对提出的方法进行了仿真验证。