基于分布式光纤温度传感技术的渗流监测试验

为实现实时、长距离和分布式的渗流监测,基于分布式光纤温度传感技术定位原理,设计了室内渗流监测模型及理想的提高渗流监测空间测量精度的光纤布置方式,通过对埋置于粘土、砂土以及均匀混合土壤中的光纤进行加热模拟渗流试验,对比分析不同渗流量下光纤温降情况,说明光纤布置方式的合理性及渗流定量监测的可行性,并给出了提高温度测量精度及压实效果的有效措施。     

发射率结合辐射光强实时测量高温辐射源2维温度场

提出了一种由光纤光谱仪与黑白CCD相机构成的新型实时在线高温温度场测量系统.该系统用光纤光谱仪和黑白CCD相机同时测得高温辐射源的真实发射率和光强场,然后根据发射率和光强场计算得到高温辐射源的温度场.利用该系统对高温发光物体——卤素灯灯丝的温度场进行测量,得到了不同电压值下卤素灯灯丝的温度场分布图,并将所得温度场的最高温度与相应工况下发射光谱法测量得到的最高温度进行比较.结果表明:两者相对偏差在5%以内;所提出的测量方法既弥补了发射光谱法不能获得场分布的缺陷,又避免了比色法测温中单色波长带宽和发射率瞬时变化带来的误差,是一种有效的温度场测量方法.     

基于地下水渗流的地埋管土壤温度场分析

基于有限长线热源模型,考虑地下水的渗流作用,对比分析无渗流工况与渗流工况下地下土壤温度场分布,结果表明:地下水渗流有利于地下热量的扩散,渗流工况下平均温度与最高温度较无渗流情况分别下降约5℃、4℃,温度场的热量累积得到抑制和减缓;并分析长方形埋管布置形式下的土壤温度场,讨论不同方向的地下水渗流工况对地下土壤温度场分布的影响,对于横纵向埋管数量不同的管群,沿埋管数量少的方向渗流,其土壤温度降低更显著。     

基于光纤光栅传感器的PEMFC温度监测技术研究

为实现实时原位监测PEMFC的内部温度,利用光纤光栅传感技术,将光纤光栅传感器密封埋入PEMFC阴极流场板,同步在线测量不同工况条件下电池内部温度的变化。结果表明,光纤光栅传感器能实现对PEMFC的多点内温度场实时原位监测,随着电流密度阶跃的增大,PEMFC内部温度也呈现阶跃变化,且阴极大流量供气时有利于降低PEMFC内部的温度。该方法可为PEMFC内部状态参数的原位监测提供技术参考和实施方案。     

基于光纤测温系统的温度时空分布模型及应用

针对混凝土坝温度场仿真分析的局限性及采用离散、零星的电阻式温度计实测温度重构温度场时精度较差的问题,探讨了基于分布式光纤测温方法对混凝土坝施工期温度场进行重构。从场理论出发,应用幂级数的处理方法,并结合施工期大体积混凝土热传导理论,将周期项函数、顺河向和垂直向坐标及指数函数进行组合,建立了施工期大坝温度场时空分布模型。结合西南某在建混凝土坝工程的分布式光纤测温资料,回归确定了所建温度场时空分布模型的系数。实例应用表明,基于分布式光纤测温建立的施工期大坝温度场时空分布模型的拟合精度及中短期预测效果较好,真实反映了大坝混凝土的温度状态。     

砾砂回填条件下地埋管换热器周围温度场试验研究

为研究不同工况砾砂回填条件下土壤源热泵地理管换热器周围温度场的变化规律,通过自主设计的可模拟地下水渗流的砂箱试验台,以砾砂为回填材料,测试了多种工况下地埋管换热器周围的温度场,并利用Surfer软件绘制等温线。结果表明,饱和无渗流条件下,温度场呈圆形对称分布,随着热负荷的增加,温度场达到稳定的时间延长;稳定后的温度变化量增加;温度变化明显区域的范围增大。饱和有渗流条件下,温度场沿渗流方向向下偏移,随着渗流速度的增加,温度场达到稳定的时间缩短;上游各点达到稳定后的温度变化量减小,温度变化明显区域的范围缩小;下游各点达到稳定后的温度变化量先增大后减小,温度变化明显区域的范围扩大。研究成果提供了一种温度场测试的新方法。     

基于分布式光纤测温的高拱坝蓄水初期实测温度场分析

蓄水初期坝体内部实际温度分布状态对高拱坝的安全运行具有重要意义,基于分布式光纤测温原理,运用sufer8.0绘图软件绘制各蓄水阶段的拱冠梁坝段实测温度等值线图,根据温度等值图可直观分析坝体内的温度场分布状态,并结合西南某高拱坝施工期及蓄水初期光纤实测温度资料,判断得出该高拱坝坝体温度场分布大致合理,温度控制措施合理有效。由此表明,基于分布式光纤测温方法简单、结果可靠,可满足实际现场运行监测需要。     

埋地换热器在渗流中的三维温度场模拟

为确定地下水渗流对埋地换热器的影响,建立了考虑地下水渗流的三维有限长线热源模型,综合虚拟热源法、移动热源法和格林函数法得出了有渗流时半无限大介质中有限长线热源产生的非稳态温度响应的表达式。通过matlab编程模拟温度场,分析了单个钻孔周围土壤过余温度场。模拟结果发现:地下水渗流引起水平面上温度场的变形,当量渗流速度在10-6量级时,能有效缓解热堆积;沿钻孔不同深度处的土壤过余温度不同,在钻孔中部过余温度达到最大。该文中的三维模型可用来研究不同地区、不同土壤分层构造和分层地下水流速等复杂问题,从而更准确地预测分析实际工程运行后的地下温度场变化,具有重要意义,为进一步研究考虑土壤分层和地下水分层流动下地埋管周围温度场奠定了基础。     

地下承压含水层水-热运移特性的模拟研究

依据地下水文地质的相关概念和渗流力学的理论基础,建立了地下含水层热量运移的数学模型.以微山地区一工程为背景,对1抽2灌井群的热量分布规律进行了求解,得出了井群的水流速度场、水头压力场以及温度场分布.经计算分析得出:①在抽灌状态下,水压的变化较温度场快,影响范围也较大.相对应的温度影响半径相对较小,变化速度较慢且不明显;②温度场的影响半径主要集中在井周围约30m范围内,其温度的变化梯度为0.17℃/m.而超出此范围的区域,影响的相应时间较长,幅度不大;③夏季抽灌温差采用:10℃大温差运行,有利于避免或减小热贯通现象,且可减少抽灌水量.     

地下水渗流对地埋管换热器周围温度场的影响

为确定地下水渗流对土壤源热泵地埋管换热器周围温度场的影响,以U型地埋管换热器传热系统为例,构建了等效当量直径的单管圆柱换热器传热物理和数学模型,并用多物理场耦合分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a 对夏季工况下地埋管换热器周围温度场进行数值模拟计算,通过有无渗流条件下不同导热系数、孔隙率土壤温度场变化的对比分析,确定引起温度场变化的主导因素,为下一步试验提供了重要依据。     

边界层理论在陡坡坡面流速计算中的应用

坡面流是研究土壤侵蚀机理的关键,流速计算受多因素影响尤显复杂,为此提出了应用陡坡紊流边界层名义厚度方程求解坡面流流速的分布,探讨了经典边界层理论模型,修正了传统边界层的势流流速,推导出适用于描述坡面流流动特性的理论模型,考虑到下垫面及水温等的影响,构建了分类计算平均流速的计算模型,并验证了计算模型的可行性。     

柴油机缸内近气缸盖壁面边界层预测模型的研究

分析了缸内壁面速度边界层和热边界层的形成过程,建立了缸内近气缸盖壁面面湍流速度壁面函数和温度壁面函数,研究了边界层内的速度分布、温度分布及速度边界层厚度和热边界层厚度,并将预测结果与拖动发动机的实测值进行了比较,发现两的趋势是一致的。研究结果表明,缸内近气缸盖壁面有边界层形成,同一位置的速度边界层与热边界层的厚度很接近,不同位置的边界层厚度不同,大约在2mm-4mm左右。     

Unsteady mixed convection from a rotating vertical slender cylinder in an axial flow

Unsteady mixed convection flow over a rotating vertical slender cylinder under the combined effects of buoyancy force and thermal diffusion with injection/suction has been studied where the slender cylinder is inline with the flow. The effect of surface curvature is also taken into account, especially for the applications such as wire and fiber drawing, where accurate predictions are desired. The governing boundary layer equations along with the boundary conditions are first converted into dimensionless form by a non-similar transformation, and then resulting system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations is solved by an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique. The effects of various parameters on velocity and temperature profiles and on skin friction coefficients and heat transfer rate at the wall are reported in the present study.     

基于蛇形分布式新型光纤布型设计的堤防浸润线定位

针对传统直线形光纤布型无法满足水利工程中浸润线测量要求的问题,根据测温光纤测点定位特点,设计并制作了一种蛇形分布式浸润线监测的新型光纤,以提高其定位精度。通过水深测量试验进行堤防浸润线定位,计算水深与实际水深对比结果表明,光纤新布型定位具有较高精度。研究成果可为工程应用提供参考。     

Forced Convection Laminar Film Condensation of Downward Flowing Vapor on a Single Horizontal Elliptic Cylinder or a Bank of Elliptical Tubes

A numerical study is performed on the laminar film condensation of pure saturated vapor flowing in the direction of gravity on a single horizontal elliptic cylinder or a bank of elliptical tubes. Temperature, velocity distribution, and heat transfer coefficient of the fully developed flow are carried out with a fully implicit finite difference scheme. The equality of shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface is used as the coupling condition between the two phases. The inertia and convection term are retained in the analysis. Outside of the vapor boundary layer, the vapor phase velocity is obtained from potential flow. The method of source density distribution on the body surface is used for determination of the external vapor velocity in elliptical tube banks. The effect of inundation produced by condensate on upper ellipses is taken into account by assuming that the vapor velocity field is not affected by the condensate flow from one elliptic cylinder to another. Based on the obtained solutions of flow field, the effect of surface tension, the interaction because of the ellipse spacing, and the inundation on the heat transfer coefficient and the boundary layer separation point have been evaluated. The results of this analysis are discussed especially in function of eccentricity e (effect of the surface tension). The heat transfer in interellipse space is analyzed and compared with the theoretical and experimental results of other authors. Good agreement is shown.     

ADINA软件在土石坝渗流场计算中的应用

根据基本方程及定解条件的比较分析,将AD INA软件的温度场模块分析功能应用于渗流场的分析,并采用死活单元技术,通过迭代算法计算自由水面位置(浸润线),解决了实际工程观音岩心墙土石坝渗流稳定问题的求解。该方法可以解决复杂边界、多种介质的渗流问题,为实际工程设计应用提供强有力的途径。     

Scalar transport in a quasi two-dimensional turbulent wake interacting with a boundary layer

An experimental study of heat transport in the interaction region between the wake of a cylinder and a turbulent boundary layer is presented in this work. The cylinder was placed parallel to a flat plate and normal to the flow. Its position was selected above the boundary layer edge, so that the lower part of the wake was interacting with the boundary layer. Heat was supplied to the boundary layer flow by means of a line heat source. Presence of surface roughness on the cylinder resulted in the deviation of the velocity power spectrum scaling region from the −5/3 power law which is characteristic of three-dimensional turbulence. Point measurements of the instantaneous values of two velocity components and temperature have been taken using hot-wire anemometry. Two turbulent scalar flux components and a Reynolds shear stress component have been obtained directly from the experimental data. Results were assessed in conjunction with the periodic coherent structures in the wake (a von Kármán vortex street) using a phase-averaging technique that provided a clear picture of the heat transport procedures involved.     

Correlation of spherical thermistor for the measurement of low velocity air flow

A spherical thermistor, an accurate temperature sensor, is employed as an air velocity sensor in this work. The measuring principle is derived and the effects of the insulation layer, air temperature, natural convection and thermal radiation are discussed. Two different correlation relations for velocity measurements are proposed based on theoretical analyses and experimental calibrations. Experiments have shown that spherical thermistor is a good velocity sensor for speed between 0.1–2.5 m/s at room temperature and the insulation layer hardly influences the accuracy of the thermistor used in the present work. Modification on correlation can even further improve measurement accuracy. Since the thermistor is small and cheap, it is possible to apply this method to multi-point velocity measurement with a low disturbance to the flow field.     

考虑沸腾和缸内局部传热的缸盖流固耦合传热分析

以某商用车直列6缸柴油机作为研究对象,基于缸内传热模型获得内燃机缸盖和缸套的燃气侧局部传热边界条件;基于均相流沸腾传热模型获得水侧传热边界;实现水侧、燃气侧边界与结构温度场计算的耦合,并判断水腔内沸腾传热的状态。结果表明:缸盖温度计算值与实测值吻合,缸盖最高温度位于缸盖底面两个排气门之间;排气门之间的燃气传热系数和燃气温度均处于较高值,缸内局部传热显著;在缸盖底面中心和排气门附近水腔内的冷却水处于部分发展泡核沸腾状态。