基于单体锂离子的电池安全技术在新能源汽车中的应用研究

锂离子电池在储能、电动能源等领域应用广泛,但锂离子电池在所应用的新能源汽车领域存在某些方面的安全问题,制约着商业化运用。提出通过单电池组生产和严格的质量控制提高汽车锂离子电池安全系数的具体措施,进一步研究了单体锂离子电池的正极材料、负极材料、隔膜、电解液以及电池壳体等方面的安全保护措施。结果表明：通过合理的系统设计以及克服电池本身的技术缺陷,能使新能源汽车的使用更加安全。     

基于单体锂离子的电池安全技术在新能源汽车中的应用研究（英文）

锂离子电池在储能、电动能源等领域应用广泛,但锂离子电池在所应用的新能源汽车领域存在某些方面的安全问题,制约着商业化运用。提出通过单电池组生产和严格的质量控制提高汽车锂离子电池安全系数的具体措施,进一步研究了单体锂离子电池的正极材料、负极材料、隔膜、电解液以及电池壳体等方面的安全保护措施。结果表明:通过合理的系统设计以及克服电池本身的技术缺陷,能使新能源汽车的使用更加安全。     

稀土掺杂在锂离子电池中的应用进展

阐述了锂离子电池技术发展的重要性,综述了稀土掺杂在锂离子电池正极材料、负极材料及固体电解质中的应用.重点介绍了稀土掺杂在锂离子电池正极材料中的应用,并提出稀土掺杂有利于电池比容量的提高,从而有利于进一步提高锂离子电池的比能量和循环性能.展望了稀土掺杂在锂离子电池中的发展前景,并认为这些技术将是未来锂离子电池研究的重要方向.     

锂离子电池及相关材料进展

新能源技术对人类社会未来可持续发展至关重要,锂离子电池可望大规模应用于电动汽车和太阳能、风能等清洁电能的储存。电动汽车电池还面临重量、体积、寿命、安全、成本和系统可靠性等诸方面的挑战。评述了钴酸锂、锰酸锂、三元材料和磷酸铁锂等正极材料;石墨、钛酸锂等负极材料;电解质材料和隔膜材料等的研究和应用,重点介绍了正极材料的掺杂和表面修饰改性技术。并对电池技术的进步和新一代锂离子电池应用于电动车辆和智能电网的前景进行了展望。     

锂离子电池安全性能影响因素分析

锂离子电池作为可靠的能源已经广泛应用于小型电源驱动设备,但由于热稳定性引起的安全问题,其使用在大型电池特别是用于电动汽车(EV)和混合动力汽车(HEV)的动力锂离子电池方面受到限制.本文从锂离子电池材料和制作工艺两个方面分析影响锂离子电池安全性能的因素,并进一步分析锂离子电池组安全性的关键问题.     

锂离子电池预锂化技术研究进展

近年来，随着锂离子电池应用日益广泛，迫切需要开发高能量密度的锂离子电池来满足日益苛刻的动力、储能电池的性能要求。采用预锂化技术对锂离子电池电极材料进行处理，可以提升锂离子电池的首次库伦效率，减小首次充放电过程中的锂不可逆损失，对高容量的硅等材料的工业应用至关重要。本文综述了近些年来锂离子电池预锂化技术的研究进展，主要阐述了化学补锂法、电化学补锂法、添加剂补锂、过锂化正极、正极添加剂等几种常见的补锂技术研究，并对未来预锂化技术发展进行了展望。     

氮掺杂纳米碳改性LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池是一种高效、清洁的储能装置,在便携式电子产品、储能设施和电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用前景,对于缓解能源危机、环境污染和优化能源结构等方面具有重要意义。橄榄石型LiFePO_4是最有前途的锂离子电池正极材料之一,但较低的本征电子电导率与锂离子扩散速率限制了其高倍率性能的发挥及在锂离子动力电池中的广泛应用。纳米碳材料,尤其氮掺杂的无定形纳米碳、碳纳米管以及石墨烯等具有电子电导率高,比表面积大,亲和力强以及热、化学稳定性好等特点,在改善LiFePO_4材料性能方面显示出独特的优势。本文从掺杂方法、形貌结构、电化学性能等方面总结氮掺杂纳米碳改性LiFePO_4正极材料的研究进展,并展望其发展前景。     

锂离子电池锡基负极材料研究进展

锡基负极材料容量高,安全性好,是目前动力锂离子电池用新型负极材料研究的热点。本文综述了近年来国内外在锂离子电池锡基各类负极材料方面的研究进展。重点介绍了它们的电极反应机理,材料合成方法及电化学性能,分析阐述了它们各自存在的优势和不足,总结了现有材料的改性手段。提出制备炭包覆锡基纳米颗粒的复合材料或者核壳、多孔等特殊结构的纳米级锡基材料,并在负极极片中预先引入金属锂,将是解决问题的最佳手段。指出锡基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料具有良好的商业化发展前景。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4改性研究

介绍了LiFePO4正极材料的结构特点和反应机理,详细讨论了金属离子掺杂、碳包覆和控制活性材料的尺寸等改性研究对LiFePO4材料的电化学性能的影响.从而进一步优化高性能锂离子电池正极材料的改性过程,促进锂离子电池性能的改善.     

石墨烯缺陷及其对电子结构和储锂性能的影响

锂离子电池因其优异的电化学性能和力学性能受到人们的广泛关注。虽然这些电池已经被广泛使用和商业化,但研究人员仍在对其电极材料和技术进行广泛的研究,以提高其安全性、寿命、比容量、能量密度以及降低成本等。石墨烯由于其开放的层结构、特殊的电子结构和优异的导电性而广泛应用于锂离子电池的负极材料。本文从石墨烯的微观结构出发,介绍石墨烯中的缺陷对石墨烯电子结构和储锂性能的影响以及相关研究的最新进展,阐明石墨烯微结构和电子结构与作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能之间的关系。此外,还对石墨烯负极材料当前存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行总结,为锂离子电池的发展和应用提供指导。     

多孔LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池是高效、清洁的储能装置,在便携式电子产品、储能设施和电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用前景,对于缓解能源危机和环境污染具有重要意义。橄榄石型LiFePO_4是最有前途的锂离子电池正极材料之一。然而,相对低的本征电子电导率与锂离子扩散速率限制了LiFePO_4倍率性能的发挥,阻碍其在动力锂离子电池领域的大规模商业化应用。纳米化是一种能有效改善LiFePO_4倍率性能的方法,但纳米粒子存在表面能高,易团聚结块,性能衰减较快等问题。近些年的研究表明,三维多孔结构的LiFePO_4兼具纳米与微米级活性材料的优点,是LiFePO_4正极材料的研究热点和重要的发展方向。本文从合成方法、形貌结构、电化学性能以及结构—性能关系等方面系统总结多孔LiFePO_4材料的研究进展,并展望其发展前景。     

Recent progress in cobalt-based compounds as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Despite carbonaceous materials are widely employed as commercial negative electrodes for lithium ion battery, an urge requirement for new electrode materials that meet the needs of high energy density, long cycle life, low cost and safety is still underway. A number of cobalt-based compounds(Co(OH)_2, Co_3O_4, CoN, CoS,CoP, NiCo_2O_4, etc.) have been developed over the past years as promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries(LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, rich redox reaction and adequate cyclability. The LIBs performances of the cobalt-based compounds have been significantly improved in recent years, and it is anticipated that these materials will become a tangible reality for practical applications in the near future. However, the different types of cobalt-based compounds will result in diverse electrochemical performance. This review briefly analyzes recent progress in this field, especially highlights the synthetic approaches and the prepared nanostructures of the diverse cobalt-based compounds and their corresponding performances in LIBs, including the storage capacity, rate capability, cycling stability and so on.     

锂离子电池电解液过充添加剂的行为

制备了3种1 mol/L LiPF6电解液,溶剂组成分别为:1)碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸二甲酯和碳酸甲乙酯;2)碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸甲乙酯和4%联苯;3)碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸甲乙酯和4%环己基苯.采用线性电压扫描法、锂循环效率法、锂离子电池的循环性能法和3 C倍率过充的方法测试了联苯与环己基苯电解液过充添加剂的行为.结果表明:环己基苯是一种较实用的锂离子电池电解液过充添加剂,环己基苯的电化学稳定性比联苯的高,环已基苯的氧化电势为4.72 V(vs Li/Li ),联苯的为4.54 V(vs Li/Li );以1 mA电流循环20次后,联苯的铂电极锂循环效率为15.7%,环己基苯的为59.3%;锂离子电池以1 C循环150次后,环己基苯的容量保持率为88%,联苯的为76.3%.环己基苯与联苯添加剂都改善了锂离子电池的耐过充性能,且两者的效果十分接近.     

Recent developments on anode materials for magnesium-ion batteries:a review

In recent years,there has been significant growth in the demand for secondary batteries,and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in the development of nextgeneration battery systems.Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs) have been recognized as the optimal alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) due to their low cost,superior safety,and environment-friendliness.However,research and development on rechargeable MIBs are still underway as some serious problems need to be resolved.One of the most serious obstacles is the generation of an irreversible passivation layer on the surface of the Mg anode during cycling.In addition to exploring new electrolytes for MIBs,alternative anode materials for MIBs might be an effective solution to this issue.In this review,the composition and working principle of MIBs have been discussed.In addition,recent advances in the area of anode materials(metals and their alloys,metal oxides,and two-dimensional materials) available for MIBs and the corresponding Mg-storage mechanisms have also been summarized.Further,feasible strategies,including structural design,dimension reduction,and introduction of the second phase,have been employed to design high-performance MIB anodes.     

Enhancing cycle stability of Li metal anode by using polymer separators coated with Ti-containing solid electrolytes

The employment of lithium metal anode in rechargeable lithium batteries has been hindered by the safety concerns which are associated with the uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and the unceasing side reactions with liquid electrolytes.In this work,we report that the use of Ti-containing solid electrolyte-coated separators can greatly enhance the cycle performances of lithium metal anode in cells using liquid electrolytes.The detailed morphologic studies indicate that more uniform lithium deposition is achieved in cells using Ti-containing solid electrolyte-coated separators than that using Al_2 O_3-coated separators,which is likely due to the modified anode and electrolyte interfacial properties induced by the reactive nature of Ti-containing solid electrolytes with metallic lithium.This work demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance the homogeneity of lithium deposition,which leads to the stable cycling of lithium metal anode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.     

Antimony-based intermetallic compounds for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries: synthesis,construction and application

The development of alternative electrode materials with high energy densities and power densities for batteries has been actively pursued to satisfy the power demands for electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. Recently, antimony(Sb)-based intermetallic compounds have attracted considerable research interests as new candidate anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and suitable operating voltage. However, these intermetallic systems undergo large volume change during charge and discharge processes, which prohibits them from practical application. The rational construction of advanced anode with unique structures has been proved to be an effective approach to enhance its electrochemical performance. This review highlights the recent progress in improving and understanding the electrochemical performances of various Sb-based intermetallic compound anodes. The developments of synthesis and construction of Sb-based intermetallic compounds are systematically summarized. The electrochemical performances of various Sb-based intermetallic compound anodes are compared in its typical applications(LIBs or SIBs).     

锂离子电池纳米钒基正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池因为其较高的能量密度、优良的循环性能及较强的荷电保持能力被广泛应用于便捷式电子器件中。同时作为混合动力汽车(HV)和电动汽车(EV)潜在的电源设备也被广泛地研究,但是,目前其电化学性能还不能完全满足高能量密度、大功率的要求。主要是因为商品化和即将进入开发性研究的正极材料大多是嵌锂过渡金属氧化物,这些正极材料存在致命的本征制约——较低的比容量。钒基正极材料,如V2O5、LiV3O8和Li3V2(PO4)3等,由于可以嵌入多个Li+离子,从而具有较高的理论比容量,但受材料微结构的影响,这类材料的实际比容量远低于理论值。材料微结构纳米化,可以形成独特形貌,获得高比表面积,缩短Li+离子的扩散距离,使这类材料的实际比容量接近理论值,从而有可能在能量的高效率储存中扮演十分重要的角色。本文作者重点综述钒基正极材料的主要晶体结构特点和相关纳米材料合成方法、结构表征及其对应电化学性能的研究进展。     

稀土化合物应用于高能锂硫电池的研究进展

锂硫电池是极具开发潜力和应用前景的新一代高比能金属锂二次电池.拥有独特4f轨道的稀土元素及其化合物具有特殊的光、电、磁与催化等性质,研究发现将稀土化合物引入锂硫电池体系能够有效解决制约锂硫电池发展的穿梭效应和锂枝晶问题并显著提升电池性能.本文全面综述了稀土化合物应用于锂硫电池正极、隔膜和电解质的最新研究进展和动态及其解...     

Atomic-scale structural evolution of electrode materials in Li-ion batteries:a review

Owing to the high spatial resolution at the atomic scale,the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)or scanning transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated as a promising characterization method to unveil the charge storage mechanism of electrode materials in Li-ion batteries.The structural evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge process can be directly observed by using TEM.The detailed analysis establishes a relationship between the structure of electrode material and battery performance.Herein,we present a brief review of the atomic-scale characterization in Li-ion batteries,including Li(de)insertion mechanism(both cations and anions charge-compensation mechanism),migration of transition metal ions,and surface phase transition.The indepth microscopic analysis reveals the detailed structural characteristics,which influence the properties of LIBs,establish the structure-function relationship,and facilitate the development of Li-ion batteries.