Luminous efficacy and color rendering index of high power white LEDs packaged by using red phosphor

We packaged a series of high power white LEDs by covering the blue LED chips with yellow phosphor, red phosphor and the two phosphors mixed by appropriate mass ratio,respectively,and discussed the excitation and emission spectrum of yellow phosphor and red phosphor and the characteristics of the LEDs.We found that the luminous efficacy of the white LEDs covered with the two phosphors mixed by appropriate mass ratio was lower than that of the white LEDs covered with yellow phosphor,but the color rendering index was improved observably.     

白光LED的实现及荧光粉材料的选取

主要介绍了目前主流白光LED的封装方法,简述了各种方法的原理及优缺点。重点介绍了蓝光芯片与黄光荧光粉混合实现白光LED的机制。通过测试芯片发射谱、不同荧光粉材料的激发和发射谱,重点研究了蓝色芯片与黄色荧光粉材料的光谱匹配性,讨论了荧光粉材料的选取对器件的电学、光学性能的影响。     

三芯片集成高显色指数白光LED的研究

运用基于蒙特卡罗的光线追迹方法,对采用"光转换"兼"多色混合"技术的白光LED的显色指数、相关色温、光通量、光辐射功率、荧光粉颗粒密度和色坐标进行了仿真计算和优化选择。通过改变红、绿、蓝三种LED芯片的组合方式和红、绿、黄三种荧光粉的混合方式及各色荧光粉的密度,在保证有合理的光通量输出的条件下,得到了不同色温区的高显色指数白光LED。从显色指数角度看,冷白、正白和暖白光应分别选择BBB芯片+绿、红色荧光粉、BBB芯片+黄、红色荧光粉和RBB芯片+黄色荧光粉组合。实验上测试了采用这几种组合方式的白光LED光谱、显色指数、色温、光通量和色坐标,实验数据与仿真结果基本吻合。     

荧光粉配比对大功率白光LED发光特性的影响

利用黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉混合的方法制备了一系列大功率平面发光LED光源,深入研究了黄色、红色和黄绿色3种荧光粉分别对大功率白光LED光源的发光效率、显色指数以及色温的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着黄色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率明显提高,最高可达140 lm/W,而显色指数和色温略有下降。随着红色荧光粉含量的增加,其显色指数明显提高,最高可达85,而发光效率和色温明显降低。随着黄绿色荧光粉含量的增加,其发光效率、显色指数以及色温均不同程度地略有下降,但是其对大功率白光LED的色容差起到很好的调节作用。     

基于Spectr0320e光谱仪的白光LED荧光粉性能测试

我国LED产业发展非常迅速,稀土钇铝石榴石（YAG）系列荧光粉广泛应用于白光LED。德国InstrumentSystems公司的Spectr0320e光谱仪适合光谱的精确测量,文章结合Spectr0320e和远方公司的PE-5荧光粉激发装置,实现蓝光激发下黄色YAG荧光粉的色品坐标、相对亮度、量子效率等参数精确的测试,研究了仪器在不同的测试条件如暗电流、光电倍增管、密度滤光片等设置的不同,对测试结果的影响,并给出利用本装置测试荧光粉时应该注意的事项。     

硅酸盐橙色荧光粉的发光性能研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了高效橙色荧光粉Sr3–xSiO5:xEu2+。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及荧光分光光度计研究了Eu2+含量和不同助熔剂对荧光粉发光性能的影响,并分析了所制荧光粉的封装性能。研究表明,荧光粉Sr3–xSiO5:xEu2+的晶体结构属正方晶系。当Eu2+的摩尔分数为4%,并用质量分数为3%的NH4Cl作助熔剂时,制得的Sr3–xSiO5:xEu2+的发射光谱强度最大。荧光粉封装后可以有效降低白光LED的色温并提高其显色指数,这表明该荧光粉是一种适用于白光LED的光转化材料。     

驱动电流对大功率白光LED荧光粉转换效率的影响

对4种1W白光功率LED进行了100～900mA的变驱动电流光学特性试验。分析了荧光粉转换效率随驱动电流变化的内在机理,一是由于驱动电流增大导致蓝光芯片内量子限制斯塔克效应引起峰值波长蓝移,致使蓝光与荧光粉的匹配程度降低;二是由于驱动电流增大导致器件温度升高,荧光粉的非辐射增多,且其激发态能级分裂加剧,导致部分能量降低,黄光波长出现红移现象。通过分析上述两种因素的综合作用,得出了荧光粉转换效率随驱动电流变化的规律,并据此提出改进白光LED驱动电流特性的建议。     

近紫外芯片激发三基色荧光粉制作的白光LED

使用近紫外半导体芯片激发红绿蓝三基色荧光粉,制作了白光发光二极管（LED）,并研究了其光电特性。结果表明,采用发射峰值波长分别在613、495和451nm的红绿蓝荧光粉,在波长400nm左右半导体芯片激发下的白光LED,其显色指数Ra最大为82;使用YAG荧光粉代替绿色荧光粉后,Ra提高到93。测试结果还表明,当工作电...     

Fabrication of High-power White LEDs and White Light Uniformity Testing

As the blue and yellow lights are complementary colors, a blue InGaN LED chip is coated hy a yellow phosphor film to generate white light based on luminescence conversion mechanism. The emitted light of a blue LED is used as the primary source for exciting fluorescent material such as cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet with the formula Y3Al2O12 ： Ce^3＋ （in short： YAG ： Ce^3＋ ）. The matching of the spectrum of the blue LED chips and the YAG ： Ce^3＋ yellow phosphor is studied to improve the conversion efficiency. The packaging methods and manufacturing processes for high power single chip-white LEDs are introduced. The uniformity of the output white light is investigated. Based on the characteristics of the high power white LEDs, some approaches and processes are suggested to improve the light uniformity when they are fabricated. The effectiveness of those approaches on the improvement of LEDs is discussed in detail and some interesting conclusions are also presented.     

有机荧光材料DCJTB对白光LED发光特性的影响

通过在YAG荧光粉中混合质量分数分别为1％、3％、5％、10％有机材料DCJTB的方法研究白光LED的激发光谱。结果表明,随着DCJTB混合浓度的增加,550-750nm波段的黄光、红光区域有明显的激发波峰,光谱色坐标明显从白光区域（0．2695,0．2435）向红光区域（0．4479,0．2729）移动,但绿光区域光...     

基于蓝光 LED 的白光器件:用于固体发光的小颗粒YAG:Ce 型荧光粉的合成

文章介绍了小颗粒 YAG:Ce 荧光粉的三种合成方法.这种荧光粉受到蓝光 LED 发出的光线的激发会发出黄光.在合成的 pcLEDs 里,蓝光和黄光混合形成了白光.本文解释了这种涂有 YAG:Ce 荧光粉的 pcLED 的色点的依赖性以及通过添加修复晶格点阵的催化剂以改变这种依赖型的方法.另外,文章还讨论了 Ce3 聚集中心的YAG:Ce 荧光粉的效率的测量、烧成温度、激发波长.     

Pump chip and phosphor reliability of broadband light-emitting diodes

We present a study of the degradation of phosphor-based broadband (~ 90 nm spectral peak width) colour and white LEDs. Specifically, our study looked at the reliability of the blue-emitting GaN/InGaN pump chip and the overlying phosphor in these LEDs. We have investigated thermal degradation arising from heat generation in both the pump chip and the colour-converting phosphor. The robustness of the pump chip in 1 W broadband power LEDs was examined by driving them with various dc and pulsed waveforms at different temperatures. Both catastrophic and long term degradation of pump chips was investigated. Long term degradation behaviour of phosphors was studied by both ex situ and in situ heating of phosphors for hundreds of hours while their total light output was monitored. Optical energy storage in phosphors and its bearing on phosphor degradation is also discussed.     

Phosphor-Concentration-Dependent Characteristics of White LEDs in Different Current Regulation Modes

Phosphor-concentration-dependent characteristics of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under different current regulation conditions were investigated. It is found that the phosphor conversion efficiency of white LEDs driven under constant current is lower than that under pulse current. In addition, white LEDs driven under constant current exhibit higher junction temperature than under pulse current, and the difference is phosphor concentration dependent. For both pulse and constant current modes, white LEDs show relatively stable optical characteristics at relatively higher drive currents, when relatively higher phosphor concentrations are used. At relatively higher phosphor concentrations, the correlated color temperature and the chromaticity coordinates have also been observed to be relatively stable for white LEDs in both constant and pulse current modes.     

Improvement of emission efficiency and color rendering of high-power LED by controlling size of phosphor particles and utilization of different phosphors

White light can be produced by a combination of red, green and blue emitting diode chips or by the combination of a single diode chip with phosphors. Presently, more single chip white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) than multi-chip one are used because of their low cost, easily controlled circuitry, ease of maintenance and favorable luminescence efficiency. Since phosphors must be used as light converting materials in a single diode chip to obtain the desired emission, this study considers the problems encountered in using phosphors in LEDs. The proper application of phosphors in the package of LED can improve its efficiency, color rendering and thermal stability of luminescence. For example, a uniform size distribution of phosphors with red, green and blue emission helps to improve luminescence efficiency by preventing cascade excitation; the change in color with temperature can be overcome by counter-balancing red-shifting and blue-shifting phosphors; larger particles help to ensure the high efficiency of high-power LEDs, and costs can be reduced by using small particles size in low-power LED packaging because allows less phosphor to be used to obtain a particular efficiency.     

White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated with blue/green/red phosphors

Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated by precoating blue/green/red phosphors onto near ultraviolate (n-UV) LED chips prior to package into LED lamps. With a 20-mA injection current, it was found that the color temperature T/sub c/ was around 5900 K and the color-rendering index R/sub a/ was around 75 for the "n-UV+blue/green/red" white LED lamps. It was also found that no changes in color temperature T/sub c/ and color-rendering index R/sub a/ could be observed when we increased the injection from 20 to 60 mA. These results indicate that such "n-UV+blue/green/red" white LEDs are much more optically stable than the conventional "blue+yellow" LEDs.     

一种红光增强型白光LED特性研究

为了使白光LED光谱中红光成分增强,以更适应人眼视觉,通过对YAG:Ce荧光粉掺杂的改进,引入Gd3+、Pr3+使白光LED光谱在610 nm处出现明显发射峰,并且荧光主峰发生红移。通过对LED的色坐标计算表明,用这种新型荧光粉封装的白光LED色坐标可以达到标准白点(0.33,0.33),理论上有可能符合"能源之星"的要求,用YAG:Ce封装的LED却不可能。     

大电流冲击下MEH-PPV对白光LED发光特性的影响

针对用蓝光芯片激发YAG黄色荧光粉实现白光LED的光谱中缺少红色波段成份导致的显色性较差,通过在YAG荧光粉中混合质量分数分别为1%、3%、5%和10%的有机红光材料MEH-PPV,以提高白光LED的显色指数。将制备的白光LED加700mA冲击电流,通过对冲击前后光谱变化的分析结果发现,在大电流冲击下,由于散热不完善,PN结的热阻非常大,导致LED芯片快速老化,并且使有机材料MEH-PPV分解而大量失效;但是对比冲击前后黄光波段的光谱几乎没有变化。这表明,虽然MEH-PPV可以提高器件的显色指数,但是稳定性远不如YAG荧光粉。     

Phosphor Thermometry in White Light-Emitting Diodes

A method for the in situ measurement of phosphor temperature in high-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was demonstrated. The method is based on the dependence of the fluorescence decay time in inorganic phosphors on temperature. The decay time was estimated using the frequency-domain technique, which relies on the measurement of the phase shift of the sinusoidal waveform of fluorescence relative to that of the photoexcitation, obtained by driving the LED at high-frequency current. LEDs containing a single phosphor ("cool-white") and a phosphor blend ("warm-white") were examined. By comparison of the phosphor temperature with that of the LED junction and metal mount, the character of the spatial profile of temperature within the LED packages was revealed     

近紫外芯片激发三基色荧光粉制作的白光LED

使用发射波长为395～400 nm的近紫外LED芯片来激发发射峰值波长分别在615,505和445 nm的红绿蓝三基色荧光粉,建立三基色荧光粉混光理论模型,制作不同色温下高显色指数白光发光二极管,研究其光电特性。实验结果表明,采用近紫外激发的三基色白光器件色温为3 000～9 000 K范围内,其显色指数均能保持在80～90之间;当色温大于5 000 K时,显色指数可以达到85;测试结果与理论计算吻合良好。最后,实验证明加入TiO2粉末可消除白光LED中残余近紫外线,三基色荧光粉白光LED色度参数受工作电流变化的影响较小。     

Thermal/luminescence characterization and degradation mechanism analysis on phosphor-converted white LED chip scale packages

According to the requirements on minimizing the package size, guaranteeing the performance uniformity and improving the manufacturing efficiency in LEDs, a Chip Scale Packaging (CSP) technology has been developed to produce white LED chips by impressing a thin phosphor film on LED blue chips. In this paper, we prepared two types of phosphor-converted white LED CSPs with high color rendering index (CRI > 80, CCT ~ 3000 K and 5000 K) by using two mixed multicolor phosphor materials. Then, a series of testing and simulations were conducted to characterize both short- and long-term performance of prepared samples. A thermal analysis through both IR thermometry and electrical measurements and thermal simulation were conducted first to evaluate chip-on-board heat dissipation performance. Next, the luminescence mechanism of multicolor phosphor mixtures was studied with the spectral power distribution (SPD) simulation and near-field optical measurement. Finally, the extracted features of SPDs and electrical current-output power (I-P) curves measured before and after a long-term high temperature accelerated aging test were applied to analyze the degradation mechanisms. The results of this study show that: 1) The thermal management for prepared CSP samples provides a safe usage condition for packaging materials at ambient temperature; 2) The Mie theory with Monte-Carlo ray-tracing simulation can be used to simulate the SPD of Pc-white LEDs with mixed multicolor phosphors; 3) The degradation mechanisms of Pc-white LEDs can be determined by analyzing the extracted features of SPDs collected after aging.