基于BP神经网络的介质圆柱体逆散射方法研究

将人工智能技术应用于介质圆柱体电磁逆散射问题研究,通过BP神经网络将原逆散射问题转化为一个回归估计问题,重构了目标的几何与电磁参数。在TM波的照射下,设置多个目标散射场的观测点,以散射场的幅值作为BP网络的输入,相应的几何与电磁参数作为输出,经过适当的训练,建立了介质圆柱体逆散射模型,并以此模型重构了已知探测范围内的介质圆柱体的半径、相对介电常数及电导率。比较结果显示了该方法的有效性和准确性,为目标的实时逆散射研究提供了一种有效方法。     

BCGs-FFT结合BP神经网络反演金属介质复合柱体目标参数

利用双共轭梯度-快速傅里叶变换方法（BCGs-FFT）结合BP神经网络技术研究了金属介质复合结构柱体目标的电磁逆散射问题.先用BCGs-FFT方法计算了复合结构目标的正散射问题,得到不同目标参数下的多个观测点上的散射电场,以此作为训练样本提供给BP网络,经过适当的离线训练,再以新的散射电场作为网络的输入,实时重构了金属介质复合结构目标的几何、电磁参数.数值结果显示了该方法的有效性.     

基于卷积神经网络的色散介质电磁参数重构

色散介质的经验模型适合描述等离子体、水、生物肌体组织等媒介。为了反演色散媒介的电磁参数,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的色散介质电磁参数反演方法。在电磁参数反演的过程中,利用前向算法获得色散介质的散射电场,反演算法通过卷积神经网络将原逆散射问题转化为一个回归估计问题。提取不同频率TM波照射下色散介质的散射电场值的实部和虚部作为样本信息并作为卷积神经网络的输入,色散介质电磁参数作为输出,经过适当的训练,重构出自由空间中色散介质圆柱体电磁参数。经过与BP神经网络反演结果的比较,验证了该方法的有效性及准确性。     

基于支持向量机的介质圆柱体逆散射问题研究

提出一种新的在线逆散射方法-支持向量机,通过支持向量机将原问题转化成一个回归估计问题.该方法可广泛应用于各种逆散射方面,尤其是目标的几何与电磁参数重构.以相对介电常数作为输入,复散射系数作为输出,通过对训练样本的学习,利用支持向量机回归估计了介质圆柱体不同相对介电常数下复散射系数的实部与虚部.同时,以多个观测点的散射电场值作为样本信息,利用支持向量机对已知探测范围内的介质圆柱体的相对介电常数和电导率进行了重构.比较结果显示了该方法的有效性和准确性.     

基于散射中心的风电机叶片散射电场求解

为降低雷达系统的数据处理量及实现风电机实时目标特征识别,必须寻求风电机叶片散射电场的快速求解方法。针对传统电磁求解算法需处理巨量风电机叶片散射电场数据的问题,突破传统以超大电尺寸目标实体为基本单元进行广域空间电磁散射积分计算的思想,提出了一种基于散射中心的风电机叶片散射电场求解方法。基于非衰减指数和散射中心模型,通过距离-多普勒算法构建风电机叶片的雷达逆合成孔径图像,采用CLEAN 算法并结合相关系数提取风电机叶片的散射中心参数集,最终以散射中心产生的散射电场数据等效替代叶片本体的全部散射数据,实现了叶片散射电场的快速求解。以Vestas V82-1.65MW 型风电机为例,以矩量法计算结果为基准,文中所提方法计算准确度为93.20%,数据的压缩比达76.81,计算量的数量级比矩量法降低了106。     

基于支持向量机的复合柱体目标参数反演

用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)结合双共轭梯度-快速傅里叶变换方法(BCG-FFT)重构二维金属/介质复合结构柱体目标参数。采用BCGFFT方法数值模拟复合结构目标的散射特性,以散射电场作为训练样本提供给支持向量机学习,经过适当的离线训练,建立支持向量机逆散射模型,实时重构了复合柱体目标的几何、电磁参数;在相同的条件下,采用人工神经网络(artificial neural networks,ANN)方法对复合目标参数也进行了重构;比较分析了训练样本信息的差异对支持向量机重构精度的影响。与ANN方法的结果比较表明:支持向量机方法能有效地用于复合结构目标参数反演,且具有较高的精度。     

大尺度电磁散射与逆散射问题的深度学习方法

大尺度电磁散射与逆散射一直是科学研究和工程应用的热点和难点,亟待发展将电磁模型与数据挖掘有机融合的高性能求解方法,针对此,提出了一种针对大尺度电磁散射与逆散射问题的深度学习模型.该模型不仅继承了深度神经网络结构简单、运算速度快等优点,而且还能高精度地解决大尺度电磁散射与逆散射问题.实验结果表明:文中提出的深度学习方法可为解决现有大尺度电磁测算融合和电磁逆散射的计算成本昂贵的难题提供新思路、开辟新方向.     

介质目标近场二维SAR微波成像电磁参数估计方法

运用SAR 成像原理对近场的金属介质目标进行毫米波成像研究,阐述了基于合成孔径雷达的二维微波成像算法原理,并详尽推导算法的计算方程。利用仿真软件获得的目标近场散射电场,采用成像算法进行逆散射微波成像。对实际生活中的常用有耗材质特氟龙进行成像仿真,成像效果良好,验证了成像算法的可行性。最终实现了多种介质目标的电磁参数的定量预估,并分析了影响目标成像效果的因素。通过预测值的仿真实验验证了SAR 微波成像测定介质目标的电磁参数方法的正确性和可行性,为实际微波成像系统进行非金属材料的电磁参数测定提供了有价值的参考方法。     

封闭介质盒中三维隐藏金属目标的散射仿真和图像重构

基于点目标散射原理,通过计算封闭介质中隐藏目标的全方位电磁散射,进行成像重构.宽带频率步进雷达从不同水平方位发送平面电磁波探测隐藏目标,获取隐藏目标各水平方位向后向散射电场.通过二维样条插值得到二维均匀采样的散射电场,将重采样数据进行二维快速Fourier变换得到二维重构图像.采用体面混合积分方程的矩量法计算复杂结构金属目标与介质盒环境的后向散射电场.通过有、无隐藏目标时的多方位后向散射电场的差值场实现目标重构成像.由封闭介质盒中隐藏3个金属球和1把金属手枪,分别进行重构成像,以说明该方法的有效性.     

基于BP网络的雷达目标距离像识别性能仿真

针对反向传播(BP)神经网络用于高分辨率雷达目标距离像分类的问题.讨论了对识别性能产生影响的主要因素:训练算法的选择、输入数据的预处理方法以及神经网络的参数设计。利用4种飞机模型的重点散射源二维分布测试数据和频率步进法得到目标的一维距离像,对于从不同方位角范围内获得的距离像,用BP神经网络对目标识别的性能进行了仿真测试,结果表明选择弹性传播算法或模拟退火弹性传播算法训练网络时具有更好的分类性能,而且对输入样本进行对数变换也有助于提高识别率。     

On Multiple Scattering of Radiation by an Infinite Grating of Dielectric Circular Cylinders at Oblique Incidence

A rigorous analytical representation for the multiple scattering coefficients of the fields radiated by an infinite grating of dielectric circular cylinders excited by an obliquely incident plane electromagnetic wave is derived in terms of the “well-known scattering coefficients of an isolated dielectric cylinder at oblique incidence” and “Schlömilch series”. In addition, a generalized sum-integral grating equation is acquired for the multiple scattered amplitude of a cylinder at oblique incidence in the grating in terms of the scattering coefficients of the insulating dielectric circular cylinder at oblique incidence.     

Microwave detection and dielectric characterization of cylindrical objects from amplitude-only data by means of neural networks

In this paper, we propose a new microwave technique for the localization and the dielectric characterization of physically inaccessible cylindrical objects from amplitude-only data. By means of a neural network used to solve the inverse scattering problem; this technique allows to directly achieve the object retrieval, avoiding the drawbacks related to the measurement of the phase distribution of the field that generally represent a critical point, especially at high frequency. The efficiency of the proposed technique in the reconstruction of both the position and the dielectric properties of a circular cylindrical body from amplitude-only information is illustrated and compared with the reconstruction performances of a neural network imaging technique that makes use of both amplitude and phase of the scattered field. The presence of noisy data is also taken into account, showing the dependence of the reconstruction accuracy on the signal-to-noise-ratio.     

Analysis of TE scattering from dielectric cylinders using amultifilament magnetic current model

A moment solution is presented for the problem of transverse electric (TE) scattering from homogeneous dielectric cylinders. The moment solution uses fictitious filamentary magnetic currents to simulate both the field scattered by the cylinder and the field inside the cylinder and in turn point-matches the continuity conditions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields across the cylinder surface. The procedure is simple to execute and is general in that cylinders of arbitrary shape and complex permittivity can be handled effectively. Metallic cylinders are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure. Results are given and compared with available analytic solutions, which demonstrate the very good performance of the procedure     

TM scattering by an impedance sheet extension of a paraboliccylinder

An integral equation and method of moments (MM) solution are presented for the two-dimensional (2-D) problem of transverse magnetic (TM) scattering by an impedance-sheet extension of a perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder. An integral equation is formulated for a dielectric cylinder of general cross section in the presence of a perfectly conducting parabolic cylinder. It is then shown that the solution for a general dielectric cylinder considerably simplifies for the special case of TM scattering by a thin multilayered dielectric strip that can be represented as an impedance sheet. The solution is termed an MM/Green's function solution, where the unknowns in the integral equation are the electric surface currents flowing in the impedance sheet; the presence of the parabolic cylinder is accounted for by including its Green's function in the kernel of the integral equation. The MM solution is briefly reviewed, and expressions for the elements in the matrix equation and the scattered fields are given. Sample numerical results are provided     

Electromagnetic scattering from a chiral cylinder of arbitrarycross section

A simple moment solution is presented to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a homogeneous chiral cylinder of arbitrary cross-section. The cylinder is assumed to be illuminated by either a TE or a TM wave. The surface equivalence principle is used to replace the cylinder by equivalent and magnetic-surface currents. These currents radiating in unbounded external medium produce the correct scattered field outside. When radiating in an unbounded chiral medium, they produce the correct total internal field. By enforcing the continuity of the tangential components of the total electric field on the surface of the cylinder, a set of coupled integral equations is obtained for the equivalent surface currents. Unlike a regular dielectric, the chiral scatterer produces both copolarized and cross-polarized scattered fields. Hence, both the electric and magnetic current each have a longitudinal and a circumferential component. These four components of the currents are obtained by using the method of moments (MoM) to solve the coupled set of integral equations. Pulses are used as expansion functions and point matching is used. The Green's dyads are used to develop explicit expressions for the electric field produced by two-dimensional surface currents radiating in an unbounded chiral medium. Some of the advantages and limitations of the method are discussed. The computed results include the internal field and the bistatic and monostatic echo widths. The results for a circular cylinder are in very good agreement with the exact eigenfunction solution     

Scattering by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder ofarbitrary cross-section shape-oblique incidence case

A moment method (MM) solution is developed for the fields scattered by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder of arbitrary cross-section. The incident field is assumed to be a plane wave of arbitrary polarization with oblique incidence with respect to the axis of the cylinder. The total electric and magnetic fields are the unknown quantities in two coupled equations from which a system of linear equations is obtained. Once the total electric and magnetic fields within the cylinder are computed, the scattered fields at any other point in space can be calculated. It is noted that for the case of oblique incidence, the scattered field has TE_z and TM_z polarized fields regardless of the polarization of the incident field. The echo widths of cylinders and shells of circular, semicircular, and rectangular cross section are calculated for TE_z and TM_z polarized incident fields. It is shown that the results obtained for dielectric/ferrite cylinders and shells of circular cross section with the solutions developed here agree very well with the corresponding exact eigenfunction solutions