微波光子四倍频复合雷达信号生成及目标多维度探测

在雷达系统中,为了实现对目标的高精度、多维度测量,产生雷达信号是一个基本而又重要的环节.本文提出了一种微波光子四倍频复合雷达信号产生方法,该复合雷达信号包括单啁啾线性调频信号和单音微波信号.利用单音微波信号和单啁啾线性调频信号实现目标径向速度的测量,使用单啁啾线性调频信号实现目标距离测量和高分辨率微波成像.在发射端,使...     

基于线性调频技术的主动式安防雷达设计

为弥补现有视频安防技术、红外安防技术等在特定环境下存在的固有缺陷,线性调频连续波雷达被引入到安防技术体系中。目前,线性调频连续波雷达产品绝大部分为车载雷达,其不能被直接用于安防监控系统中。为满足市场和客户的需求,基于线性调频技术对主动式安防雷达进行了研究,并开发出了主动式安防雷达原型机。为对雷达原型机进行验证和分析,在真实环境下进行了测量实验。通过对实验结果进行分析,表明研发出的雷达原型机的可监测距离可达77 m,可实时对单目标的方位、距离和速率进行测量。通过无监督背景学习方法的引入,雷达原型机可被应用于复杂场景中。     

一种LFMCW雷达多目标距离-速度配对新方法

针对线性调频连续波雷达双差拍-傅里叶处理中的多目标配对问题,提出了一种新的多目标距离-速度联合配对法。文中分析了连续波与线性调频连续的雷达回波频谱,描述了雷达系统工作原理;然后,利用单载频回波信号测量多目标的不模糊速度,同时利用锯齿调频波测量多目标的不模糊距离与模糊速度;最后,结合距离-速度配对的方法,实现多目标的配对。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于多调频斜率单脉冲信号的多目标参数测量

对多目标的高精度参数测量是雷达面临的重要挑战。文中在分析线性调频信号距离-多普勒耦合效应的基础上,对传统的正负调频斜率脉冲信号实现单目标参数测量算法进行改进,提出一种利用多调频斜率合成脉冲信号实现多目标参数测量方法,解决了传统方法只能适用于单目标环境下的局限性,实现高精度多目标距离、速度测量,更好地抑制了虚假 目标的出现,有效解决了线性调频信号脉冲压缩带来的距离走动误差。仿真验证了该方法的有效性,且具有良好的测量精度和稳定的抗干扰性能。     

一种毫米波调频连续波雷达的目标速度测量方法

提出了一种应用于地面监视的连续波雷达,使用线性调频连续波(LFMCW)波形产生和快速傅里叶变换信号处理技术进行地面运动目标检测.由于较短线性调频时间和高重复频率,目标的径向速度对测量的差频信号影响很小,因此采用多个线性调频连续波信号在各个距离门上测量径向速度.为了解决不模糊最大径向速度,提出了一种改变线性调频持续时间的方法.最后根据发射和接收信号的频差以及接收天线,也可以计算出目标距离和方位角.     

一种基于软件无线电的电子侦察干扰机

本文叙述了一种用于干扰线性调频连续波压缩雷达的基于宽带中频带通采样软件无线电结构的电子侦察干扰机。这种干扰机在数字信号处理器中对雷达信号进行短时傅里叶变换,测量雷达信号参数,然后根据干扰策略———距离波门拖引干扰,控制DDS产生干扰信号。最后利用Matlab进行仿真实验,证明这种方法能够有效干扰线性调频连续波压缩雷达。     

一种基于软件无线电的电子侦察干扰机

本文叙述了一种用于干扰线性调频连续波压缩雷达的基于宽带中频带通采样软件无线电结构的电子侦察干扰机。这种干扰机在数字信号处理器中对雷达信号进行短时傅里叶变换，测量雷达信号参数，然后根据干扰策略——距离波门拖引干扰，控制DDS产生干扰信号。最后利用Matlab进行仿真实验，证明这种方法能够有效干扰线性调频连续波压缩雷达。     

MSM激光距离成像雷达中线性调频信号的产生

MSM激光距离成像雷达将微波雷达中调频测距原理应用到激光雷达,采用一个线性调频的射频副载波调制激光输出强度。本文提出了雷达中调频信号发生器产生宽带线性调频信号的设计思路,并着重阐述DDS+PLL实现宽带线性调频的过程。首先建立四阶二型锁相环架构,分析其对DDS产生的线性扫频信号实现频率稳态跟踪的可能性,然后进行锁相环锁频的初步仿真并得到环路基本参数,最后在输入DDS产生的线性扫频信号前提下仿真环路的频率跟踪性能。仿真结果表明四阶二型锁相环实现了对DDS产生的线性扫频信号的频率跟踪及频带扩展,满足了雷达距离精度对线性调频信号的宽频带要求。     

脉冲压缩雷达距离多普勒耦合对测距影响分析

根据线性调频脉冲及其匹配滤波器的时域和频域特性,首先从原理上分析了线性调频雷达脉冲回波信号由于多普勒距离耦合的影响,经过匹配滤波器后产生附加延时而引起的测距误差.然后给出了距离多普勒耦合的雷达距离修正公式,并通过仿真和雷达实际跟踪数据对雷达距离修正公式进行了验证.最后给出了工程应用中校正脉压网络固定延迟、脉压网络输入端线性调频脉冲信号多普勒频率的变化以及正或负斜率线性调频脉冲信号等方面应注意的问题.     

线性调频连续波激光雷达测量方法研究

线性调频连续波激光雷达在光电器件响应速度有限的条件下,要满足较高的距离分辨率的测量要求,就需要比同体制微波雷达大得多的相对带宽。这就导致线性调频连续波微波雷达的距离与速度去耦合方法不能被直接应用。针对探测近距高速运动目标和实时性高的要求,根据激光雷达目标回波的特点,提出了一种快速线性调频信号参数估计方法,利用均匀分成两段的中频信号的傅里叶变换来获取目标的距离与速度信息。在目标距离50m,速度1000m/s,中频信噪比为0的仿真条件下,雷达测距误差小于15mm,测速误差小于10m/s。仿真实验表明,该方法具有较高的测量精度和较强的抗干扰能力。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.