EDTA络合滴定法测定硫酸铜废液中的铝

实验研究了冶金工艺过程产生的硫酸铜废液中铝的测定方法。采用氨水(1+1)使铝以氢氧化铝沉淀的形式与主体溶液分离,然后用EDTA络合法测定铝的质量浓度;对该硫酸铜废液中铜、铁干扰离子、溶液的酸度、EDTA络合反应温度等条件进行了一系列的实验,解决了硫酸铜废液中铝的测定难题。该方法与分光光度法比较,简单快速,分析成本低廉;通过对不同硫酸铜废液中铝的质量浓度测定,相对标准偏差为0.071%~0.930%(n=6),样品测定值与络天青S分光光度法测定值相符合。     

碱式碳酸锌在硫酸锌溶液净化除铁中的应用

叙述了利用硫酸锌溶液制取碱式硫酸锌的方法以及碱式碳酸锌在硫酸锌溶液净化除铁中的应用.试验表明,工业硫酸锌生产过程中采用次氧化锌和碱式碳酸锌联合除铁,净化除铁后液含铁低且过滤速度快.     

Extracting metals from ammoniacal solution with low rank coals

Metals which form soluble stable ammine complex cations were extracted by lignite and brown coal by adsorption from ammoniacal solutions of the metal sulfates and carbonates. Known dry weights of the coal were contacted with the solution by agitation in closed polyethylene containers and then separated by filtration. The amount of metals adsorbed was determined from analysis of the solutions before and after contacting. It was found that metal loadings increase with increases in contact time, liquid to solid ratio and with metal concentration at short contact times, but loadings decrease with increases in coal particle size, ammonium ion concentration and with metal concentration at long contact times. Loading is affected only slightly by temperature and excess ammonia. In single contacting high loading is associated with low percentage extraction, and vice-versa, but relatively high values for both loading and extraction were obtained by counter-current contacting. The highest loadings obtained with single contacts, by using favorable combinations of conditions, were 22 pct copper, 15 pct nickel, 17 pct zinc, 31 pct cadmium, 37 pct silver and 13 pct cobalt. Comparative experiments were done with coals from Australia, United States of America, and West Germany. More development of the method is required before meaningful comparison could be made with other hydrometallurgical methods. It is speculated that possible applications could include treatment of ammoniacal solutions derived from sulfide, carbonate and oxide ores, pressure leaching of sulfides, preferential leaching of scrap metal,in situ solution mining and processing of oceanfloor nodules, arid effluent solutions which already contain ammonia.     

Extracting metals from ammoniacal solution with low rank coals

Metals which form soluble stable ammine complex cations were extracted by lignite and brown coal by adsorption from ammoniacal solutions of the metal sulfates and carbonates. Known dry weights of the coal were contacted with the solution by agitation in closed polyethylene containers and then separated by filtration. The amount of metals adsorbed was determined from analysis of the solutions before and after contacting. It was found that metal loadings increase with increases in contact time, liquid to solid ratio and with metal concentration at short contact times, but loadings decrease with increases in coal particle size, ammonium ion concentration and with metal concentration at long contact times. Loading is affected only slightly by temperature and excess ammonia. In single contacting high loading is associated with low percentage extraction, and vice-versa, but relatively high values for both loading and extraction were obtained by counter-current contacting. The highest loadings obtained with single contacts, by using favorable combinations of conditions, were 22 pct copper, 15 pct nickel, 17 pct zinc, 31 pct cadmium, 37 pct silver and 13 pct cobalt. Comparative experiments were done with coals from Australia, United States of America, and West Germany. More development of the method is required before meaningful comparison could be made with other hydrometallurgical methods. It is speculated that possible applications could include treatment of ammoniacal solutions derived from sulfide, carbonate and oxide ores, pressure leaching of sulfides, preferential leaching of scrap metal,in situ solution mining and processing of oceanfloor nodules, arid effluent solutions which already contain ammonia. G. V. CULLEN formerly Manager, Institute of Materials Research, Department of Metallurgy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. N. G. SIVIOUR formerly Senior Research Officer, Institute of Materials Re- search, Department of Metallurgy University of Melbourne. G. M. PEARSON formerly Experimental Officer, Institute of Materials Research, Department of Metallurgy, University of Melbourne.     

Study of the production process of aluminum sulfate from copper solutions by cementation of aluminum

A study is performed on the production of aluminum sulfate using the cementation of copper by aluminum from solutions. It is shown that the process rate is mainly affected by the copper content in the solution; then the time and concentration of sulfuric acid follow X ₁ ≥ X ₃ ≥ X ₂ or, in the dimensional scale, Cu ≥ τ ≥ H₂SO₄.     

环烷酸萃取脱除废旧稀土荧光粉酸浸液中铁铝

研究了废旧稀土荧光粉酸浸液在环烷酸萃取过程中关于铁、铝杂质的除杂效果,考察环烷酸对于铁、铝、稀土的选择性;有机相组成、氨水浓度、温度对分离效果的影响;水洗温度、水洗相比对水洗效果的影响;盐酸浓度、相比、反萃时间对反萃效果的影响.结果表明:选择环烷酸:异辛醇:磺化煤油体积比为20:20:60、氨水浓度为2 mol/L、温度为20 ℃、氨水滴加速度为3 mL/min时,分离效果较优;水洗温度为40 ℃、相比（A/O）为2时,铁铝稀土的洗脱率分别为1.5%、4.2%和26.4%;反萃剂盐酸浓度为3 mol/L、反萃相比（A/O）为1、反萃时间为20 min时,铁、铝、稀土萃取率分别高达99.5%、99.8%和99.8%.      

Kinetics of continuous hydrogen reduction of copper from a sulfate solution

The objective of this experimental investigation was to obtain information on the reaction kinetics for the hydrogen reduction of copper from copper sulfate solutions in a continuous, countercurrent tubular reactor. Aqueous copper sulfate solution was introduced at the top of the reactor while hydrogen was sparged into the bottom. Separations of the bottom (liquid-solid) and overflow (gas-liquid) products were accomplished in individual high pressure separators. The rate of reaction increases with temperature up to about 180 to 220 °C depending on the residence time and thereafter levels off or decreases slightly. Feed solutions having a pH greater than 1.8 yielded a product which was contaminated with cuprus oxide. Over the range of this study, the operating pressure, and consequently the solubility of hydrogen in the aqueous reactant demonstrated negligible effect on the depletions. Likewise, very little change in depletions was observed beyond residence times of 10 minutes. Acid addition to the feed retarded the rate of reaction, whereas addition of sulfate ion increased the rate; these two observations agree with the results of previous investigators.     

Electrical conductivity of acidic sulfate solution

The electrical conductivities of the aqueous solution system of H₂SO₄-MSO₄ (involving ZnSO₄, MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, and (NH₄)₂SO₄), reported by Tozawaet al., were examined in terms of a (H₂O) and H⁺ ion concentration. The equations to compute the concentrations of various species in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing metal sulfates were derived for a typical example of the H₂SO₄−ZnSO₄−MgSO₄−(Na₂SO₄)−H₂O system. It was found that the H⁺ ion concentrations in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions corresponding to practical zinc electrowinning solutions are very high and remain almost constant with or without the addition of metal sulfates. The addition of metal sulfates to aqueous sulfuric acid solution causes a decrease in electrical conductivity, and this phenomenon is attributed to a decrease in water activity, which reflects a decrease in the amount of free water. The relationship between conductivity and water activity at a constant H⁺ ion concentration is independent of the kind of sulfates added. On the other hand, any increase in H⁺ ion concentration results in an increase in electrical conductivity. A novel method for the prediction of electrical conductivity of acidic sulfate solution is proposed that uses the calculated data of water activity and the calculated H⁺ ion concentration. Also, the authors examined an extension of the Robinson-Bower equation to calculate water activity in quarternary solutions based on molarity instead of molality, and found that such calculated values are in satisfactory agreement with those determined experimentally by a transpiration method.     

The removal of iron from aluminum chloride leach liquors by ion exchange

The sorption behavior of iron onto two anion exchange resins from simulated aluminum chloride leach liquors was studied. Bench-scale sorption isotherm experiments were performed at room temperature. The initial chloride concentrations of the simulated leach liquors ranged from 1 M to 6 M. Iron loading for the Dowex SBR and Dowex MWA-1 resins increased with increasing chloride concentrations. Maximum capacities observed for both resins were approximately 0.95 meq Fe/g dry resin at an initial chloride concentration of 6 M. The Dowex SBR resin sorbed noticeably greater amounts of iron than the MWA-1 resin at initial chloride concentrations of 4 and 5 M. Computer programs were written to predict the equilibrium distribution of species in various aqueous electrolytes. Correlation of computer results with some published experimental data indicated good qualitative correlations. However, strict quantitative conclusions may be suspect due to an inability to predict activity coefficients accurately at the high ionic strengths of this work. Comparison of computer program predictions and sorption isotherm results indicate that the species FeCl_3(aq) may be involved in the sorption of iron from the simulated leach liquors.     

硫酸铈滴定法测定铁矿中铁

提出在HCl介质中,以抗坏血酸还原铁 ,残余的抗坏血酸以次甲基蓝为指示剂,硫酸铈氧化,然后在硫 磷混酸介质中,以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,硫酸铈标准溶液滴定铁 。大多数常见离子不干扰铁的测定,氟的干扰可用硼酸消除。本方法简便、快速,用于铁矿中铁的测定,结果满意。     

铜电解脱铜后液提取粗硫酸镍的生产实践

介绍了铜电解脱铜后液提取硫酸镍的几种工艺及蒸气间接加热浓缩法工艺的生产实践,并对试生产过程中出现的问题进行了改进,达到了节能减排及资源综合利用的目的,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

新型除钴剂DCR硫酸锌浸出液净化除钴的工艺

研究了新型除钴剂(简称DCR试剂)脱除硫酸锌浸出液中杂质钴的工艺,考察了除钴剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、亚硝酸钠的添加量对除钴效果的影响.试验结果表明较优的工艺条件为:除钴剂为4 g/L,时间为60 min,温度为60℃,亚硝酸钠的添加量为0.6 g/L.在此条件下,钴的脱除率达到98.42%.     

As cast acicular ductile aluminum cast iron

 The effects of 2.2% Ni and 0.6% Mo additions on the kinetics, microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile aluminum cast iron were studied in the as-cast and tempered conditions. Test bars machined from cast to size samples, were used for mechanical and metallurgical studies. The results showed that the addition of Ni and Mo to the base iron produces an upper bainitic structure resulting in an increase in strength and hardness. The same trend was shown when the test bars tempered from 300oC in the range of 300 to 400oC. The elongation increased with increasing the temperature from 300 to 400oC. The carbon content of the retained austenite also increased with increasing temperature. The results also showed that the kinetics, microstructure and mechanical properties of this iron are similar to Ni-Mo alloyed silicon ductile iron.     

Strengthening mechanisms in solid solution aluminum alloys

A number of commercial and high-purity non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys are investigated in this work. It is found that both magnesium and manganese in solid solution give a nearly linear concentration dependence of the strength at a given strain for commercial alloys. This deviates from high-purity AlMg binary alloys, where a parabolic concentration dependence is found. Mn in solid solution is found to give a considerably higher strengthening effect per atom than Mg, both in terms of yield stress and initial work hardening rate. This strengthening effect is stronger comparing commercial grades to high-purity alloys. This enhanced strengthening is believed to be a synergy or clustering effect caused by interaction between Mn atoms and trace elements, probably silicon, in solid solution.     

湿法炼锌浸出液细菌氧化除铁研究

采集本省菌种，优化培养出高氧化性能的氧化亚铁硫杆菌，应用于湿法炼锌中浸出液Fe2＋的氧化过程，获得较好效果。摸索出最佳工艺参数，对影响氧化反应的其他重要因素也进行了较为详细的研究，为工业应用奠定了实验基础。     

Nitrogen solubility and aluminum nitride precipitation in liquid iron alloys containing nickel and aluminum

The solubility of nitrogen in liquid iron-base Fe-Ni-Al alloys has been measured up to the solubility limit for formation of aluminum nitride using the Sieverts’ method. Measurements were conducted over the temperature range from 1843 to 2023 K and aluminum concentration range from 1.5 to 3.0 wt pct Al. The effect of nickel additions was determined at 2, 5 and 10 wt pct Ni. The cross interaction parameter describing the effect of nickel and aluminum on the activity coefficient of nitrogen in iron was determined. The first and second order effects of nickel on the activity coefficient of aluminum also were determined. The solubility product of aluminum nitride increases with increasing aluminum content and increasing temperature. Addition of nickel decreases the solubility products of aluminum nitride in lower aluminum content alloys. However, the effect of the cross interaction terme _Al ^NiAl becomes significant with increasing aluminum content and compensates for the effects of the first and second order nickel-nitrogen and nickelaluminum interaction terms. Therefore the effect of nickel additions show little effect on the solubility products of aluminum nitride in higher aluminum alloys.