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1.
Calcium peroxide (CaO2) for use in modified Fenton chemistry   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The use of calcium peroxide (CaO2) powder as a source of H2O2 to promote modified Fenton (MF) chemistry was studied. First, the rate of production and yield of H2O2 from CaO2 dissolving in water at pH 6-9, and 12-13 (i.e., unbuffered CaO2) was measured. The rate of CaO2 dissolution increased as pH decreased, from 62 h for complete dissolution at pH 12-13 to only 4h at pH 6. The yield of H2O2 also increased with decreasing pH, from zero at pH 12-13 to 82% at pH 6. The ability of CaO2 to promote MF oxidation of PCE was demonstrated with a hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger (2-propanol) at pH 8. The scavenger inhibited PCE oxidation, but 97% of the PCE was oxidized without it. Release of Cl(-) showed that PCE was mineralized. Finally, PCE oxidation was compared with liquid H2O2 (pH 7) and with CaO2 (pH 6, 7, 8, 9). Liquid H2O2 showed the lowest efficiency (mol H2O2 consumed/mol PCE oxidized) and the greatest temperature increase, disproportionation to O2, and PCE volatilization. CaO2 was a more efficient oxidant than liquid H2O2 at all pH values because it only releases H2O2 upon dissolution, reducing the loss to O2 and volatilization. CaO2 performed optimally at pH 8.  相似文献   

2.
Shu X  Chen Y  Yuan H  Gao S  Xiao D 《Analytical chemistry》2007,79(10):3695-3702
A TiO2/SiO2 composite prepared by the sol-gel route can produce highly emissive broadband room-temperature phosphorescence at an excitation wavelength of 403 nm. The white phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO2 could be quenched by H2O2. The phosphorescence quenching effect demonstrated excellent sensitivity and high selectivity to H2O2. Furthermore, the phosphorescence of TiO2/SiO2 can be recovered when it is dipped in a hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. Therefore, the TiO2/SiO2 was used to develop a reproducible phosphorescence sensor for H2O2. It has been successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in the enzymatic catalytic reaction and real samples.  相似文献   

3.
窦国金  郑莹  麦欣欣  高灿柱 《材料保护》2012,45(5):72-74,88
化学镀镍液中的镍离子对铅离子浓度测定的干扰较大。先将化学镀镍液中的铅离子与镍离子分离,再用二甲酚橙分光光度法测定镀镍液中铅的浓度。结果显示:当化学镀镍液中镍/铅浓度比120时,可以直接用分光光度法进行测定;当镍/铅浓度比120时,需先将镍离子与铅离子分离,再用分光光度法测定。该方法快速、简捷、误差小,是一种测定化学镀镍液中铅浓度的好方法。  相似文献   

4.
Mesoporous films made of titanium dioxide nanowires are desirable for dye-sensitized solar cells because nanowires provide direct conduction pathways for photogenerated electrons. Anatase titanium dioxide nanowires with polycrystalline microstructure were synthesized on titanium foil using a three-step process. First, the top surface of the titanium foil was transformed to Na(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes through hydrothermal oxidation in NaOH. Next, the Na(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes were converted to H(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes by ion exchange. Finally, the H(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes were converted to polycrystalline anatase nanowires through a topotactic transformation. The film morphology evolution, crystal structure transformations and growth mechanism are described in detail. Titanium foil reacts with NaOH to form Na(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) sheets, which exfoliate and spiral into nanotubes. The Na(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes are immersed in HCl solution to replace the Na(+) ions with H(+) ions. During the topotactic transformation of H(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes to anatase TiO(2) nanowires, the sheets made of edge bonded TiO(6) octahedra in the H(2)Ti(2)O(4)(OH)(2) nanotubes dehydrate and move towards each other to form anatase crystals oriented along the nanotube axis which creates a polycrystalline nanowire. These mesoporous TiO(2) nanowire films were suitable for use as dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes.  相似文献   

5.
为提高TiO_2的光催化活性,利用原位氧化聚合法制备聚2-氨基苯磺酸改性TiO_2(P2ABSA/TiO_2)纳米颗粒,通过TEM、EDS、XRD、UV-Vis DRS和Photocurrent Test进行表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,优化纳米材料制备条件,考察初始pH值和P2ABSA/TiO_2浓度对光催化效果的影响,通过捕捉实验判定活性氧物种在光催化过程中的贡献。结果表明:P2ABSA/TiO_2纳米颗粒最优制备条件为P2ABSA、TiO_2和氧化剂的物质的量之比2∶1∶2、HCl浓度1.2mol/L;TiO_2表面存在一层P2ABSA膜,P2ABSA改性没有改变TiO_2的物相和晶粒尺寸;P2ABSA/TiO_2纳米颗粒对可见光的响应提高,光电流密度从18.3μA/cm2提高到28.7μA/cm2;溶液初始pH值由3.93升至11.36,亚甲基蓝脱色率由92.0%提高到99.0%,P2ABSA/TiO_2纳米颗粒浓度最佳值为1.5g/L;活性氧物种在光催化过程中的贡献大小顺序为·OHh+·O-2,P2ABSA对TiO_2的光敏化作用是P2ABSA/TiO_2纳米颗粒光催化活性得到提高的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
We developed a metal-based fluorescent probe for H(2)O(2) called MBFh1, which has an iron complex as a reaction site for H(2)O(2) and a 3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine derivative as the fluorescent reporter unit. The iron complex reacts quickly with H(2)O(2) to form oxidants, and then the oxidants convert the closely appended nonfluorescent 3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine moiety to resorufin in an intramolecular fashion. The quick response to H(2)O(2) allows us to plot the enzymatic evolution of H(2)O(2). A combination of N-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine and horseradish peroxidase has been frequently used to detect enzymatically generated H(2)O(2), but this method has interference with phenol derivatives. The use of MBFh1 overcomes this drawback.  相似文献   

7.
以InCl3·4H2O和乙二胺为原料,采用溶胶凝胶模板法合成了立方晶系的In2O3纳米线,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜对材料的组成、形貌、晶粒的大小、直径进行了表征,结果表明,产物是直径为80-100nm,晶粒直径为4-10 nm的纳米线。用产物In2O3纳米线制备气敏元件,气敏测试结果显示,合成的In2O3纳米线对NO2具有很高的灵敏度,器件的最佳工作温度为360 ℃。  相似文献   

8.
鲍壳具有明目的作用,可以用于制备视力保健品,这需要测定鲍壳中有益成分Zn2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Cu2+。采用仪器普及常用的分光光度法和准确快速的EDTA络合滴定法,分析了鲍壳中Zn2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Cu2+的含量。对四种不同的鲍壳中的Zn2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Cu2+二价金属离子展开定量测定,制作了离子...  相似文献   

9.
Photochemical removal of NO(2) in N(2) or air (5-20% O(2)) mixtures was studied by using 172-nm Xe(2) excimer lamps to develop a new simple photochemical aftertreatment technique of NO(2) in air at atmospheric pressure without using any catalysts. When a high power lamp (300 mW/cm(2)) was used, the conversion of NO(2) (200-1000 ppm) to N(2) and O(2) in N(2) was >93% after 1 min irradiation, whereas that to N(2)O(5), HNO(3), N(2), and O(2) in air (10% O(2)) was 100% after 5s irradiation in a batch system. In a flow system, about 92% of NO(2) (200 ppm) in N(2) was converted to N(2) and O(2), whereas NO(2) (200-400 ppm) in air (20% O(2)) could be completely converted to N(2)O(5), HNO(3), N(2), and O(2) at a flow rate of 1l/min. It was found that NO could also be decomposed to N(2) and O(2) under 172-nm irradiation, though the removal rate is slower than that of NO(2) by a factor of 3.8. A simple model analysis assuming a consecutive reaction NO(2)-->NO-->N+O indicated that 86% of NO(2) is decomposed directly into N+O(2) and the rest is dissociated into NO+O under 172-nm irradiation. These results led us to conclude that the present technique is a new promising catalyst-free photochemical aftertreatment method of NO(2) in N(2) and air in a flow system.  相似文献   

10.
The glass forming regions and some properties of the CdBr2-PbBr2-KI (10 to 50 mol % CdBr2, 10 to 70 mol % PbBr2, 20 to 40 mol % KI), CdCl2-PbBr2-KI (10 to 50 mol % CdCl2, 10 to 80 mol % PbBr2, 10 to 70 mol % KI) and CdCl2-PbCl2-KI (20 to 50 mol % CdCl2, 10 to 70 mol % PbCl2, 5 to 60 mol % KI) ternary systems were studied. Glasses exhibit remarkably high transmittance (up to 80%) in the visible and IR region (down to 250 cm–1 for CdBr2-PbBr2-KI, 300 cm–1 for CdCl2-PbBr2-KI and 400 cm–1 for CdCl2-PbCl2-KI for 1 mm thick plates). The values of glass transition temperature lie between 343 to 353 K and crystallization temperature between 343 to 403 K.  相似文献   

11.
Orthorhombic LiMnO2 cathode materials were synthesized successfully at lower temperature by sol-gel method. When LiMnO2 precursor prepared by sol-gel method was fired in air, the product was a mixture of spinel structure LiMn2O4 and rock-salt structure Li2MnO3, whereas in argon single-phase orthorhombic LiMnO2 could obtain at the range of 750℃ to 920℃. The substitution of Mn by Zn2+ or Co3+ in LiMnO2 led to the structure of LiMnO2 transiting to Qα-LiFeO2. The results of electrochemical cycles indicated that the discharged capacity of orthorhombic-LiMnO2 was smaller at the initial stages, then gradually increased with the increasing of cycle number, finally the capacity stabilized to certain value after about 10th cycles. This phenomenon reveals that there is an activation process for orthorhombic LiMnO2 cathode materials during electrochemical cycles, which is a phase transition process from orthorhombic LiMnO2 to tetragonal spinel Li2Mn2O4. The capacity of orthorhombic LiMnO2 synthesized at lower te  相似文献   

12.
Eu2+ doped M-thiogallate (MGa2S4, M: Zn, Ca, Sr) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction. The dependence of luminescent properties, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence, on M2+ ions was investigated. ZnGa2S4: Eu2+, CaGa2S4: Eu2+, and SrGa2S4: Eu2+ exhibited a green emission band at 540 nm, 560 nm, and 535 nm, respectively. The red-shift between CaGa2S4: Eu2+ and SrGa2S4: Eu2+ was originated from the radius difference of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions. However, it did not apply to ZnGa2S4 : Eu2+ despite of smaller radius of Zn2+ ion. The particle size of ZnGa2S4 : Eu2+ was much smaller than those of the other thiogallates, leading to extremely low CL emission.  相似文献   

13.
Reaction of Fe(2)(SH)(2)(CO)(6) and HCHO, which gives Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NH](CO)(6) in the presence of NH(3), affords the possible intermediate Fe(2)(SCH(2)OH)(2)(CO)(6), which has been characterized crystallographically as its axial-equatorial isomer. Fe(2)(SCH(2)OH)(2)(CO)(6) was shown to react with ammonia and amines to give Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NR](CO)(6) (R = H, alkyl). Related hemithioacetal intermediates were generated by treatment of Fe(2)(SH)(2)(CO)(6) with RC(O)C(O)R (R = H, Ph, 4-F-C(6)H(4)) to give cycloadducts. The benzil derivative Fe(2)[S(2)C(2)(OH)(2)Ph(2)](CO)(6), a C(2)-symmetric species, was also characterized crystallographically. The acylated azadithiolate Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NAc](CO)(6) was prepared by reaction of Li(2)Fe(2)S(2)(CO)(6) with (ClCH(2))(2)NC(O)Me. DNMR experiments show that the free energies of activation for rotation of the amide bond are the same for Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NAc](CO)(6) and Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NAc](CO)(4)(PMe(3))(2), which implies that the ligands on the iron centers do not strongly affect the basicity of the nitrogen. As a control, we showed that the thioamide Fe(2)[(SCH(2))(2)NC(S)Me](CO)(6) does exhibit a significantly higher barrier to rotation, attributable to the increased double-bond character of the N-C(S) bond.  相似文献   

14.
Thick film resistive Cl(2) sensors were fabricated using SnO(2) doped with Sb. The nanocrystalline powders of Sb-doped SnO(2) synthesized by a sol-gel method were compressed into an 800?μm thick pellet. The fabricated sensors were tested against gases like Cl(2), Br(2), HCl, NO, NO(2), CHCl(3), NH(3) and H(2). The highest response to Cl(2) was achieved in 0.1% Sb doping where an exposure to 3?ppm of Cl(2) gas led to a 500-fold increase in device resistance. The high sensitivity to Cl(2) is accompanied by minor interference due to other gases at room temperature. It was found that the SnO(2) doped with 0.1% Sb exhibited high response, selectivity (>100 in comparison to the gases described above) and short response time (~60?s) to Cl(2) at 3?ppm level at room temperature.  相似文献   

15.
An organically modified TiO2 nanocomposite was explored for glucose detection. Bis-Butyl viologen (BBV) was mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles to generate highly dispersed nanocomposite solution, which provided organically modified nanocomposite film of TiO2 (BBV-TiO2). A transistor type sensor was fabricated using the BBV-TiO2 film and platinum gate electrode. The BBV-TiO2 nanocomposite sensor showed higher sensitivity to glucose sensing in low concentration region compared to that of TiO2 sensor. This result was ascribed to facilitated electron transport by the adsorbed viologen molecules on TiO2 nanoparticles, where viologen molecules act as an electron transfer mediator between enzyme and TiO2.  相似文献   

16.
骨修复支架在植入缺损处后出现的炎症与氧化应激有关, 其中过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度过高是引起氧化应激的主要原因之一。二氧化锰(MnO2)能够通过催化分解H2O2来消除植入物周围环境过量的H2O2, 同时催化H2O2分解产生的氧气(O2)能够缓解骨缺损处因血供不足而导致的缺氧环境, 从而有利于骨组织再生与骨缺损修复。本研究采用简单的氧化还原法在3D打印制备的生物活性玻璃(BG)支架表面原位沉积MnO2颗粒, 得到BG-MnO2复合支架(BGM), 赋予BG支架清除H2O2的同时提供O2的能力。研究结果表明, BGM支架表面沉积MnO2含量随反应溶液中高锰酸钾浓度升高而增加, 其抗压强度随MnO2含量增加而增强, 但这些支架的孔隙率和降解速度基本保持不变。更为重要的是, BGM支架能够在H2O2环境中持续催化分解H2O2产生O2, 当不同Mn含量的BGM (BGM5和BMG9)支架在浓度为2 mmol/L的H2O2溶液中催化分解H2O2产生的O2能使溶液中饱和氧浓度分别达到8.4和11 mg/L。细胞实验结果表明, BGM支架对骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖和碱性磷酸酶活性有一定促进作用。因此, BGM支架在骨组织修复领域具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

17.
针对SnO2锂离子电池负极材料长循环性能差的缺点,把非晶SiO2引入SnO2材料中,形成SnO2-SiO2纳米复合材料。采用聚苯乙烯(PS)胶晶作为模板,制备出三维有序大孔SnO2-SiO2纳米复合材料。研究结果表明,3DOM SnO2材料晶体结构和3DOM SnO2-SiO2材料相似,但是加入SiO2以后,3DOM SnO2-SiO2材料的长循环性能得到显著提高。在500 mAh/g的电流密度下循环100次,此时加0%Si的3DOM SnO2-SiO2材料的充电比容量急剧衰减为147 mAh/g,加5%Si的3DOM SnO2-SiO2材料的充电比容量达654 mAh/g,此外500次循环后加5%Si的3DOM SnO2-SiO2材料充电比容量增至728 mAh/g。这些结果表明SiO2能够改善3DOM SnO2材料长循环稳定性。  相似文献   

18.
Zn-Ni合金镀液中Ni2+含量的直接分光光度法测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了简便、快速而准确地测定Zn—Ni合金镀液中的Ni2+含量,不使用任何化学显示剂,利用分光光度法研究了Ni2+,Ni2+/Na2+,Ni2+/Zn2+体系中Ni2+的吸光特性。结果表明:在Ni2+体系中,Ni盐浓度为5~100g/L,入射光波长为660nm时,Ni2+浓度与吸光度呈线性关系;在Ni2+/Na2+,Ni...  相似文献   

19.
Simple measurements of H2O2 concentration or CO2 evolution were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Fenton's reagent to mineralize organic compounds in water and soil contaminated by crude petroleum. This methodology is suitable for application in small treatment and remediation facilities. Reagent concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(2+) were found to influence the reaction time and temperature, as well as the degree of mineralization and biodegradability of the sample contaminants. Some H2O2/Fe(2+) combinations (H2O2 greater than 10% and Fe(2+) greater than 50mM) resulted in a strong exothermic reaction, which causes peroxide degradation and violent gas liberation. Up to 75% TOC removal efficiency was attained in water and 70% in soil when high H2O2 (20%) and low Fe(2+) (1mM) concentrations were used. Besides increasing the degree of mineralization, the Fenton's reaction enhances the biodegradability of petroleum compounds (BOD5/COD ratios) by a factor of up to 3.8 for contaminated samples of both water and soil. Our experiments showed that low reagent concentrations (1% H2O2 and 1mM Fe(2+)) were sufficient to start the degradation process, which could be continued using microorganisms. This leads to a decrease in reagent costs in the treatment of petroleum-contaminated water and soil samples. The simple measurements of H2O2 concentration or CO2 evolution were effective to evaluate the Fenton's reaction efficiency.  相似文献   

20.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) comprised of TiO2 porous films with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were prepared at low temperature (150 degrees C). MWNT were incorporated to facilitate the fast electron transport resulting from metallic properties of carbon nanotubes. In order to enhance the effect of MWNT incorporation, TiO2-grafted MWNT (TiO2-MWNT) was synthesized which can increase the electron transport rate further due to proximity of TiO2 to MWNT The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of MWNT was confirmed by electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. As in the DSSCs prepared through high temperature sintering of photoanodes, the maximum content of MWNT incorporated into TiO2 was limited to 0.01 wt% relative to TiO2. TiO2 photoanodes including TiO2-grafted MWNT (TiO2-MWNT/P25) enhanced the cell efficiencies by ca. 28% and 14%, relative to TiO2 photoanodes without and with MWNT respectively, reaching the efficiency of 5.0%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to examine the effect of incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles grafted to MWNT on the cell performance.  相似文献   

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