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采用标准k-ε模型模拟湍流,利用VOF法追踪自由水面,对阿拉沟溢洪道在不同流量下进行三维流场数值模拟,并将设计洪水位和校核洪水位两种工况下溢洪道的自由水面、底板压强、断面流速与模型试验观测数据进行对比分析.结果表明:数值模拟和模型试验资料基本吻合,为阿拉沟水库溢洪道优化设计提供更为可靠的依据. 相似文献
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李熙 《中国水能及电气化》2021,(7):45-48,66
文章对广西百色市那坡水库溢洪道进行设计,确定定型设计水头,通过消能防冲计算确定溢洪道反弧半径及挑流鼻坎的挑角,通过溢洪道水面线计算及剖面设计确定溢洪道边墙高度及WES曲线顶部曲线段、直线段和反弧段构造.基于有限体积法利用FLUENT软件建立气水两相湍流模型,对那坡水库溢洪道过坝水流进行三维数值模拟,对校核洪水位及设计洪水位工况下的流速分布及水面线进行验证.结果表明:文章建立的模型能较准确地模拟那坡水库溢洪道的流场分布和水动力特性,验证了设计的合理性,为可研阶段溢洪道设计提供了数据支撑. 相似文献
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通过数值模拟对阿拉沟水库溢洪道流场在两种工况下进行三维流场数值模拟,采用RNG k~ε模型模拟溢洪道流场湍流,并利用流体体积分数法(VOF)追踪自由水面,将得出两种工况下的溢洪道断面压强、自由水面高程、断面流态等计算结果,并与物理模型结果进行对比。结果表明数学模型计算能够准确地反映不同边界条件下溢洪道水流流态及各个参数,并且通过数值计算可以获得溢洪道在任何运行工况下任意位置的流场结构。其数值计算结果可以为阿拉沟水库溢洪道优化设计提供较可靠的理论依据和参考。更多还原 相似文献
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为了深入研究台阶式溢洪道水流特性,通过利用FLUENT软件,采用标准k-ε紊流模型模拟湍流流场和VOF模型追踪自由水面的方法对某水库台阶式溢洪道流场进行数值模拟,得到了台阶式溢洪道的自由水面、水流流场、压强分布等水力特性,并与物理模型试验结果进行对比.结果表明:计算值与实测值吻合较好,数值模拟能够快捷获得更加全面的流场信息;同时发现,台阶内存在漩涡,紊动能和紊动耗散率较大,台阶水平面存在压强峰值,而垂直面出现负压区,可为台阶式溢洪道的优化设计提供可靠的参考依据. 相似文献
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采用FLOW-3D水流计算软件模拟了溢洪道挑流消能的三维水流流场,并通过调整溢洪道平面布置、增设贴角和改变预挖冲坑范围等措施对溢洪道原设计方案进行了优化。结合水工模型试验成果,对原设计方案和优化方案的水流流态、流速分布和水面线等水力特性进行了对比分析。数值模拟计算结果与水工模型试验比较吻合,说明优化方案的有效性,也进一步表明三维数值模拟的可行性。 相似文献
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克孜加尔溢洪道控制段体形优化的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过采用RNGk~ε模型模拟湍流,利用VOF法追踪自由水面,对克孜加尔溢洪道的双孔闸门与单孔闸门方案进行三维流场数值模拟,并将两种方案下的溢洪道自由水面高程、断面流态模拟计算结果进行对比,分析表明双孔方案由于受到闸墩以及较大折冲角度的影响,单孔方案比双孔方案控制段后水流流态更好,其结果为溢洪道控制段体形优化设计提供了参考。 相似文献
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采用标准k~ε湍流模型,利用VOF法追踪自由水面对阿拉沟水库溢洪道设计和校核工况下水面线、断面流态进行数值模拟,并将两种工况下水流特性进行比较,结果表明水面线实测值与计算值二者吻合良好,各断面平均流速实测值与计算值误差在允许范围内。因此采用数值模拟能够反映不同工况条件下溢洪道的水流特性,可为溢洪道结构设计提供可靠依据,具有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献