基于瞬时无功功率理论和模糊控制的新型SVC控制算法

为满足不平衡三相配电网的无功功率实时补偿的要求,设计了一种新型的FC-TCR型静止无功补偿器(SVC)控制系统。该系统采用瞬时无功功率理论来精确检测基波正序和负序电压、电流,并推导出补偿导纳的表达式;SVC的整体控制采用了开环和闭环控制相结合的控制算法,并在闭环控制算法中,提出了基于智能规则的模糊-PI双模调节技术在无功补偿控制系统中的应用方案。该方案结合了模糊控制和PI控制2种方法的优点,根据系统状况改变PI控制器的参数,以达到更好的动态控制效果。仿真研究结果表明,该新型SVC控制系统对于提高功率因数和补偿三相不平衡,具有响应快、精度高的控制效果。     

基于级联有源滤波器与静止无功补偿器的综合补偿控制方案

级联多电平有源滤波器(CS-APF)与静止无功补偿器(SVC)同时运行存在稳定性及无功补偿控制优化等问题。文中提出一种统一控制策略,结合SVC和CS-APF的功能特点,使SVC对负载正序无功分量及负序分量的补偿进行前馈控制和电网电纳(不包含CS-APF分量)反馈控制;CS-APF对晶闸管相控电抗器(TCR)与电网负载谐波的补偿进行前馈控制,并去除SVC中固定电容分量,进行电网电流反馈控制,同时对SVC无功补偿进行二次优化补偿。另外,提出一种TCR谐波电流预计算方法,根据TCR触发角当前值与电网电压锁相环相位,构建TCR谐波电流,实现对TCR谐波的预计算。仿真和实验研究表明,在该综合控制方案下,SVC与CS-APF控制不存在闭环,系统稳定性高,TCR谐波补偿无滞后,无功补偿响应较快,补偿能力强。     

Controlling chaos and voltage collapse using an ANFIS-based composite controller-static var compensator in power systems

Chaos and voltage collapse exist in power systems due to critical loading and disturbing of energy (DE). These phenomena cause instability in power system operation and must be avoided. In this paper, an ANFIS-based composite controller-static var compensator (CC-SVC) was proposed to control both chaotic oscillations and voltage collapse. The ANFIS-based CC-SVC was proposed because its computation was more efficient than Mamdani fuzzy logic controller. Adaptive network parameters were obtained through a training process. The controller parameters were automatically updated by off-line training. Both chaos and voltage collapse were able to control and suppress effectively by the proposed method. Furthermore, the load voltage was held to a set value by adjusting the supplied reactive power. When the reactive load was increased, the SVC susceptance and reactive power supplied by the SVC also increased. The proposed method was able to maintain the load voltage and to increase the loading margin.     

一种高性价比并联混合有源电力滤波器

分析了传统的并联混合型有源电力滤波器的优缺点，在此基础上提出一种新型的并联混合有源电力滤波器，其有源部分不承受基波电压和不流过基波无功电流，进一步减小了有源滤波部分的容量和逆变器直流侧电压，并兼具较大容量的无功静补偿能力。同时提出一种新的控制方法和控制器结构，控制系统由5个控制环组成。在控制电路中，5个反馈信号，即负载电流、电源电流、逆变器输出电流、电源电压和直流母线电压，计算逆变器的参考电压信号。为了证明提出的有源滤波器的性能，利用PSCAD/EMTDC进行了仿真验证，仿真和实验结果表明该装置滤波和无功补偿效果较好，而且这种混合有源电力滤波器的性能价格比较高，因而具有良好的工程推广应用价值。     

蚁群优化PI控制器在静止无功补偿器电压控制中的应用

静止无功补偿器(static var compensator,SVC)通常用来进行负荷补偿或系统补偿,在系统补偿时往往用于电压稳定控制,针对电压稳定控制的工况,文中提出一种采用蚁群算法优化PI控制器参数的方法,克服了常规PI控制对被控对象数学模型的依赖性,简单易于实现。蚁群优化算法中,以时间与误差绝对值乘积积分(integral of time-weighted absolute error,ITAE)准则作为寻优目标函数,对PI控制器的比例、积分参数进行调整、寻优,使SVC系统的响应过程达到最优。仿真和实验结果表明,该最优PI控制器能快速跟踪SVC系统的电压设定值,基于该PI控制器的SVC能迅速进行无功补偿,具有较强的适应性和较高的补偿精度。     

APPLICATION OF STATIC VAR COMPENSATION FOR LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL

ABSTRACT

In this paper the problem of designing load frequency control CLFO system which reduces frequency oscillation based on static Var compensation (SVC) has been investigated. A linear model of a power system area has been used, and a new feedback control signal sent from SVC to power houses is suggested. The new feedback controller includes the frequency deviation and the change of reactive power due to SVC. The dynamic response of the system is determined in the presence of the suggested control system and compared with the case of no control action to evaluate the capabilities of the proposed control system.     

SVC预防电压失稳的快速控制方法

在电压濒临失稳时,静止无功补偿器(SVC)可能因为输出无功功率不够快而无法阻止电压失稳,针对这种情况,提出了一种SVC预防电压失稳的快速控制方法。该方法以电压失稳预测(VIP)指标数值越限为启动条件,通过调整SVC电压参考值提升其无功输出速度,从而预防电压失稳。使用PSCAD/EMTDC和MATLAB的联合仿真进行算例分析,验证了此控制方法提升电压稳定性的有效性。该方法简单可靠,且仅调节SVC控制系统外部数据,不改变SVC原有的系统结构和参数,适用于实际系统,有很好的发展前景。     

无功和谐波补偿装置的控制方法

针对具有功率因数补偿、补偿负载不平衡和滤除电网谐波电流等功能的联合运行系统,提出一种新的控制方法,由SVC模式控制和APF控制2部分组成.其中,SVC模式控制通过负序基波提取器实现电网负序基波分量的检测;通过改进的电压控制器实现公共连接点的电压稳定.利用特定次数谐波检测并进行相位补偿的方法实现电网谐波分量的检测;利用神...     

静止无功补偿的多DSP控制器研制与应用

无功补偿控制器是影响静止无功补偿(SVC)动态性能的关键环节。基于多DSP系统,给出了无功补偿控制器的实现结构,讨论了SVC无功控制器CPU的功能实现、晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)控制CPU的同步触发与晶闸管(SCR)导通检测功能的具体实现技术及CPU间的信息交换技术。在该系统中,多个CPU分工协作,分别完成SVC采样与控制的计算,TCR移相触发和SCR导通监测,各CPU间通过双口RAM和VME总线进行信息交换。试验结果表明,该系统具有计算速度快,响应速度快,动态性能好等优点。     

Developing static reactive power compensators in a power systemsimulator for power education

This paper describes a newly installed laboratory module microcomputer-based static reactive power compensator (SVC) in detail to teach students how an SVC affects system voltage, load balancing, power factor, and transmission line losses. The SVC is merged into an old power system simulator for extensive power engineering education. The structure of the SVC is thyristor controlled reactors with fixed capacitors (TCR-FC). Two control algorithms, feedback control and feedforward control, are developed and compared. For the purpose of program flexibility and portability, a VME-Bus based microcomputer is used to synthesize the controller of the SVC. Several suggested experiments are given to show the effects of the SVC on distribution system compensation. The SVC greatly promotes the performance of the power system simulator     

基于无功源的分布式光伏电站无功补偿协调控制系统及方法

基于光伏电站内各无功源(SVC/SVG、逆变器)的无功出力及剩余可调裕度,文中提出一种分布式光伏电站无功补偿器SVC/SVG与逆变器无功负荷协调优化控制的系统及方法。该协调控制方法以分布式光伏电站AVC系统为基础,获取本场站的当前总无功功率,及本场站内各无功源的无功出力及剩余可调裕度,根据特定的优化控制原则,将各无功源的无功值进行重新调整,实现无功功率在无功补偿器SVC/SVG和逆变器之前的优化分配。最后,提出一种基于AVC的分布式光伏电站电压控制系统。系统及方法能够在保证分布式光伏电站并网点电压稳定的条件下,充分利用逆变器的无功补偿能力,降低无功补偿器SVC/SVG的无功出力,达到降低分布式光伏电站无功补偿装置的耗电量的目的。     

并联型有源电力滤波器的无功功率选择性补偿方法

有源电力滤波器在不同的应用场合需为负载提供不同的无功功率。为此,提出了一种有源电力滤波器输出无功的可控方法。该方法利用电网负载电流或电网电压产生基波因子,再和电压控制器的输出相乘产生电网电流的控制信号,使得有源电力滤波器能够在滤除谐波时有选择性地补偿无功功率,可以补偿无功或不补偿无功,克服了传统有功平衡控制方法只能实现谐波和无功功率同时补偿(不适合应用于大容量无功功率负载)的缺点,适合于更多的应用场合;并且该方法无需坐标变换,算法简单;此外,该方法还不需要锁相环电路,硬件成本低。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和正确性。     

DESIGN OF VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROLLER FOR STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR

ABSTRACT

Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a relatively new kind of reactive power and voltage control device. It can be used not only to improve dynamic and transient stability of power system, but is especially suitable for voltage control of long distance bulk power transmission lines. To enhance the performance of SVC, in addition to voltage control (main control), a supplementary control (auxiliary control) is required. Variable Structure (VS) Stabilizer is proposed in this paper, as supplementary controller to SVC. The machine, excitation and SVC dynamics are considered. In this paper, a systematic procedure for evaluating gains for sliding mode to occur is presented. The switching vector is constructed using pole-assignment method. Trial and error, and heuristics approach is completely avoided for evaluating the gains in the sliding mode     

Adaptive nonlinear control of three-phase shunt active power filters with magnetic saturation

The problem of controlling three-phase shunt active power filters (SAPF) is addressed in presence of nonlinear loads. Previous works generally design control for SAPF based on standard models that assume the involved magnetic coil to be linear. In reality, the magnetic characteristics of these components are nonlinear (especially in the presence of large magnetic flux density in the ferromagnetic core). In this paper, a new oriented control model for SAPF-load system, taking into account for the nonlinearity of coil characteristics, is developed. The control objective is twofold: (i) compensating for the current harmonics and the reactive power absorbed by the nonlinear load; (ii) regulating the inverter DC capacitor voltage. To this end, based on the new model, a nonlinear controller is developed, using the backstepping technical design. It is therefore able to ensure good performances over a wide range of variation of the load current. Moreover, the controller is made adaptive for compensating the uncertainty on the switching loss power. The performances of the proposed adaptive controller are formally analyzed using tools from the Lyapunov stability and the averaging theory. The supremacy of the proposed controller with respect to standard control solutions is illustrated through simulation.     

Improved fuzzy logic controller for SVC in power system damping using global signals

Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a shunt-type FACTS device, which is used in power systems primarily for the purpose of voltage and reactive power control. In this paper, an improved fuzzy logic-based supplementary controller for SVC is developed for damping the rotor angle oscillations and to improve the stability of the power system. The generator speed and the electrical power are chosen as global input signals for the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control is demonstrated with single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, three-machine nine-bus WSCC system and New England 10-machine system, which shows the improvement over the use of a fixed parameter controller and existing FLC.     

针对暂态电压稳定问题的自动电压控制系统与切负荷协调控制策略

建立了暂态电压稳定分析的微分代数方程组,并提出了应对暂态电压稳定问题的自动电压控制(automatic voltage control,AVC)体系下二级电压紧急控制与切负荷协调控制策略。该协调控制策略把低压切负荷作为与AVC体系下二级电压紧急控制并行的一种控制手段,在这种协调控制的过程中优先考虑采用二级电压紧急控制,当计算发现仅依靠二级电压紧急控制不能使系统保持暂态电压稳定的时候再采用切负荷控制。在PSAT仿真环境下建立了含AVC体系下二级电压紧急控制和切负荷控制的电力系统暂态电压稳定仿真模型,对广东电网748节点系统进行仿真,验证了所提出的控制策略和模型的正确性和有效性。     

基于瞬时无功理论的SVC抑制次同步振荡的附加控制设计

HVDC解决了长距离输电中电压降低、线损加大、无功补偿等问题,却又给系统带来了次同步振荡的危险。SVC在补偿HVDC无功功率需求的同时也可以通过增加附加控制来抑制可能产生的次同步振荡。为了使SVC的补偿精确,SVC附加控制的输入信号取易于获得的电压电流信号且有明显的抑制效果,将采用基于瞬时无功理论的方法来设计SVC的控制,消除不对称分量和其他频率下谐波分量的影响,使得控制效果更精准。以向上直流降功率25%单极孤岛运行方式为例,验证了基于瞬时无功理论设计的SVC控制对次同步振荡抑制的有效性。     

基于DSP控制的并联型功率因数校正技术研究

传统的并联型有源滤波器(APF)需要检测负载电流,同时计算出其中的谐波及无功分量.该算法较复杂,计算延时大,易导致控制的实时性变差.采用直接电流控制的并联型功率因数校正(PFC),则不需要复杂的算法,它保留了传统APF双环控制的优点上,同时使控制变得简单.此处在分析并联型PFC原理的基础上,进行了仿真,基于DSP控制,...     

基于改进的同步旋转参考坐标变换的静止无功补偿装置

静止无功补偿器(SVC)用于负荷补偿时,补偿导纳的计算对其补偿性能有着重要的影响。笔者提出了一种基于改进的同步旋转参考坐标变换的补偿电纳计算方法。该方法利用电网电压中的一相电压构造虚拟的对称三相系统,由其形成的合成矢量作为同步旋转坐标系中的d轴,将负载电流矢量投影到电网电压矢量上,通过低通滤波器后便可得到正序电流和负序电流,由此可以准确计算所需的补偿电纳。该方法计算简单,基于该法的静止无功补偿器不需要硬件锁相环,能够快速、准确地补偿负荷的无功功率,维持电网电压的稳定。仿真和实验结果证明了所提补偿电纳计算方法的可行性和有效性。     

Control strategies for harmonic mitigation and power factor correction using shunt active filter under various source voltage conditions

This paper gives a new insight into the concept of load compensation using shunt active filter (SAF) under ideal and non-ideal source voltage conditions. A novel approach based on an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component method is proposed. The performance of the proposed control strategy has been compared with instantaneous reactive power theory, symmetrical component theory and dq theory. SAF has been realized by three-phase voltage source converter. Reference currents generated by control strategies has been tracked by a SAF in a hysteresis band control scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of reactive power compensation, reduction in magnitude of source currents, compensator currents, and harmonic compensation as per IEEE-519 standard. To ascertain the viability of the proposed control algorithm, the performance is evaluated under different source voltage conditions with the IEEE Standard-1459 power definitions. Variation in magnitude as well as harmonic content of source voltage has been considered. Under balanced sinusoidal source voltage condition, all control strategies congregate to similar results. Under unbalanced sinusoidal source voltage condition, dq theory and proposed theory have shown similar performance. However, under distorted source voltage conditions, an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory presents superior performance. A three-phase, three-wire distribution system supplying non-linear load is considered for simulation study. Simulation results from a complete model of SAF are presented to validate and compare the control strategies.