电子文件归档的安全性分析

针对电子文件移交归档的安全应用需求,提出一种基于密码技术、可信网络、电子印章、数字水印、版权保护等技术的电子文件归档与利用的安全方案,并分析了该安全方案的应用模型.应用数字版权保护、版式文件、全程加密、打印控制和电子印章与数字水印等技术,解决了电子文件归档与利用中的惟一性、真实性、完整性、安全性、防扩散和防复制等问题.     

20 years in the life of a long-term empirical personal electronic filing study

This paper reports on the first 20 years of an empirical study of electronic support for filing and retrieving hardcopy documents and electronic files. A set of requirements for the ideal personal electronic filing system is documented, and the architecture of the system that is in use in the study is described. Sixty key questions associated with this topic are listed together with a summary of the answers found to date for each one. The paper concludes that electronic filing is feasible and effective, that the potential longevity of such systems introduces new challenges, and that it is time to start exploring how an electronic filing system can be used to support the acquisition, development and creation of knowledge.     

20 years in the life of a long-term empirical personal electronic filing study

This paper reports on the first 20 years of an empirical study of electronic support for filing and retrieving hardcopy documents and electronic files. A set of requirements for the ideal personal electronic filing system is documented, and the architecture of the system that is in use in the study is described. Sixty key questions associated with this topic are listed together with a summary of the answers found to date for each one. The paper concludes that electronic filing is feasible and effective, that the potential longevity of such systems introduces new challenges, and that it is time to start exploring how an electronic filing system can be used to support the acquisition, development and creation of knowledge.     

E-file adoption: A study of U.S. taxpayers’ intentions

The United States Congress has set ambitious goals for the diffusion of e-government initiatives. One of congress’ goals for the 2007 tax year was for 80% of tax and informational returns to be filed electronically (IRS., 2004). In 2008, 90 million Americans choose to e-file (IRS., 2009); however, Congress’ goal of 80% adoption has still fallen short. This paper integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, online trust, perceived risk, and optimism bias into a comprehensive model of e-file adoption. To empirically test the model a survey is administered to 260 United States taxpayers. Structural equation modeling is used to evaluate relationships between these concepts and intention to use. Results indicate performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and optimism bias all have a significant impact on e-file intention. Trust in the internet and trust in the e-file provider were shown to significantly influence perceived risk. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

A flow-based model of web site intentions when users customize products in business-to-consumer electronic commerce

User-customization is increasingly common in electronic commerce, because both the buyer and seller potentially benefit. The user interface to implement and the influence of the interface on various process and outcome measures, however, are not well understood. We developed a Flow-based model consisting of seven hypotheses regarding the user interface and its consequents. We conducted a field experiment to test an attribute-based interface vs. a question-based interface on three variables (perceived control, shopping enjoyment and choice satisfaction) as well as two web site intentions: intention to return and intention to purchase. Six of the seven hypotheses were supported in a parsimonious model. Variance explained was 16.3% for perceived control, 45.6% for shopping enjoyment, 59.3% for choice satisfaction and 63.1% for web site intentions. The main finding is that an attribute-based interface for retail e-shopping increases the shopper’s sense of control and feeling of enjoyment in the process more than a question-based interface, and thereby increases satisfaction with the outcome. This combination of influences increases the intention of the shopper to return to the web site and to purchase the item. We discuss the results and suggest areas for future research in user-customization, which may apply to many different industries that engage in online commerce.     

Information technology adoption and continuance: A longitudinal study of individuals’ behavioral intentions

Extant research on information technology (IT) adoption and continuance has not adequately modeled the times of adoption by individuals. This study argues that individuals adopt an innovation at different times and are likely to be influenced by different factors over time. The theoretical models are empirically validated using data gathered at three points in time through surveys of 132 users of a new innovation. The results indicate that the innovation attributes and individual characteristics influence individuals’ intentions to adopt the innovation during the early stage, and the innovation attributes and contextual factors impact the individuals’ intentions during the later stage.     

Developing dynamic capabilities in electronic marketplaces: A cross-case study

Business-to-business (B2B) electronic marketplaces (EMPs) have increased the efficiency and economy of business purchasing by bringing together a critical mass of organizations that buy and sell goods and services. While many studies have investigated mature EMPs and identified factors leading to their success and failure, few studies have investigated the capabilities necessary to develop successful EMPs. This research shares findings from in-depth case studies of two EMPs conducted over a 3-year period. Using the dynamic capabilities framework as a theoretical lens, this paper: (1) identifies the capabilities necessary to develop EMPs that generate and sustain participant contributions, and (2) discusses how to develop these capabilities. This study finds that the cultivation of a “trial-and-error” culture along with sales managers’ activities played key roles in developing outside-in and spanning capabilities. Taken together these capabilities helped the successful EMP develop entrepreneurial alertness and customer agility, two capabilities that were not developed in the failed EMP. These findings extend dynamic capabilities theory and may help practitioners better develop two-sided networks, such as EMPs, that require a critical mass of buyers and sellers.     

A study of factors that affect user intentions toward email service switching

Internet portals have long been using email services to attract new members and retain existing customers. Recent announcements by major Internet portals of increases in email storage capacity demonstrate this strategy. It is, however, uncertain how people react to such announcements. We wished to understand the mechanisms associated with users’ intention to switch their current email service provider. Key variables pertaining to customer satisfaction with email service, attractive alternatives, and switching cost were examined to explain the dynamics of switching. An empirical study based on 1408 survey responses confirmed the importance of user satisfaction for service continuation. The variables attractive alternatives and continuity cost also demonstrated strong association with intention to switch. We found that the variable attractive alternatives moderated the relationship between customer satisfaction and intention to switch, but a moderating effect of switching cost was not found. Our investigation indicated that the findings of extant studies on the dynamics of service switching or re-purchase also apply to email services.     

Evaluating usability of a commercial electronic health record: A case study

Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly being implemented by care providers in order to streamline processes and improve quality of care. Due to EHRs’ complexity, the usability of these systems is crucial to ensure safety and to enable clinicians (users) to focus on their patients rather than the technology. This case study presents experiences from the implementation of a commercial EHR in a large pediatric hospital system. This case discusses how a predictive evaluation method, Heuristic Walkthrough, was used to evaluate and improve the usability of the EHR system. Outcomes from the evaluation resulted in immediate changes in the system configuration and training materials, which helped to avoid usability problems at rollout, as well as change requests to the vendor to improve overall system usability in the long term. Design trade-offs and lessons learned for future EHR implementations and other healthcare applications are discussed.     

Online purchase intentions: A multi-channel store image perspective

The advantages of the bricks-and-clicks retail format in the battle for the online customer has been widely discussed but empirical research on it has been limited. We applied a multi-channel store image perspective to assess its influence on online purchase intentions. Drawing on a sample of 630 customers of a large music retail store in the Netherlands, the results demonstrated that offline and online store perceptions directly influenced online purchase intention. In addition, our findings confirmed that offline store impressions were used as references for their online store counterparts. Synergy and reference effects are discussed.     

Success of electronic commerce Web sites: A comparative study in two countries

This study incorporated attitude toward a site (Ast) in the proposed model together with moderating factors like cultural effects and attitude toward online shopping (Ashop). The proposed model and hypotheses were partially supported in Taiwan's and Thailand's data. Information quality affected both user satisfaction and attitude toward the web site and was the dimension common across both countries. Ashop moderated the effects of system quality on user satisfaction in Taiwan, but moderated information quality in the Thailand. National identity moderated the effect of system quality on both user satisfaction and attitude toward the site in the Thai data.     

Web-enabled wireless technology: an exploratory study of adoption and continued use intentions

This study builds upon previous research by comparing and contrasting the decision to adopt wireless technologies with the decision to continue to use wireless technologies. In the context of web-enabled cell phones, we propose, test and compare the predictive ability of two value-based models using a multi-group analysis. The findings suggest that regardless of whether an individual was choosing to adopt or continue to use a web-enabled cell phone, perceived usefulness, enjoyment and perceived fee influenced perceived value. In turn, perceived value influenced the adoption or continued use decision. Technicality had a significant negative effect on perceived value in the context of continued use, but not for adoption. Our results also suggested a shift in the importance of benefits in the formation of perceived value; perceived usefulness played a greater role for adopters, while enjoyment played a better role for continued users. Lastly, our results indicated that uncertainty avoidance did not mediate the relationship between perceived value and intention in either the continued use or adoption contexts, while habit was significant in its mediation of the relationship between perceived value and continued use intention. Collectively, habit and perceived value explained 71% of the variation in continued use intention.     

Exploring determinants of adoption intentions towards Enterprise 2.0 applications: an empirical study

Enterprise 2.0 is identified as one of the most promising technological innovations in the business domain, with immense potential for enriching communication, enabling collaboration and facilitating learning. Although organisations are increasingly implementing Enterprise 2.0 as a useful means of knowledge sharing and collaboration, no empirical research has been performed to identify individuals’ motivations to participate in Enterprise 2.0 activities. The high practical relevance and dearth of research indicate the importance of the present study. This study aims to apply the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to propose a research model that incorporates context-specific variables as enhancing constructs to predict individuals’ adoption intentions towards Enterprise 2.0 applications. We also categorise Enterprise 2.0 users into silent and social users and conduct a comparative analysis to examine whether differences exist in factors predicting users’ adoption intentions towards Enterprise 2.0 applications. To test the model, structural equation modelling is employed to analyse data collected from respondents working in seven Chinese companies conducting trial operations of an Enterprise 2.0 platform. The findings of this research provide managers with effective methods to promote individuals’ participation in Enterprise 2.0 activities. This research also provides a theoretical foundation for academics and practical implications for the development of Enterprise 2.0.     

A study of incidents involving programmable electronic safety-related systems

This paper presents a study of 21 incidents¹ in small manufacturing enterprises involving electrical/electronic/programmable electronic (E/E/PE) safety-related systems, originally investigated by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). The aim of this study is to highlight the causes of these incidents and suggest common solutions to those causes. A fault schema suitable for the classification of incidents of this nature is proposed. For each incident, identified faults are labelled according to the fault schema and are also denoted as primary, secondary or incidental. Examples of particular causes are given. The prominent faults are further discussed with the goal of highlighting the categories of faults most prominent in E/E/PE safety-related systems. This pinpoints the areas where future work on incident prevention should focus. Finally, mitigation techniques which could form part of an E/E/PE safety-related system development methodology suitable for small manufacturing enterprises are suggested.     

Extending electronic sourcing theory: An exploratory study of electronic reverse auction outcomes

Existing electronic sourcing theory has predominantly focused on the impact of electronic reverse auctions on price savings and has proposed various factors influencing this outcome. Such price savings have been widely claimed to come at the expense of the buyer–supplier relationship. Only a few research studies, however, have investigated the impact of electronic reverse auctions on the buyer–supplier relationship. Based on an extensive literature review and multiple case study research, we extend electronic sourcing theory by developing a conceptual model that considers a broader set of outcomes, posits organizational and project antecedents that a buying firm can manipulate to impact those outcomes, and introduces supplier-related factors that moderate the antecedent–outcome relationships. In contrast to prior research, our model shows that buying organizations consider a broad set of financial, operational, as well as strategic e-sourcing outcomes, and that, under certain conditions, the traditional trade-off in electronic reverse auctions between price savings and the buyer–supplier relationship does not hold.     

Using electronic textiles to implement an acoustic beamforming array: A case study

Highly-automated textile manufacturing equipment has the potential for integrating electronic components into fabric in a low-cost process. These electronic textiles (or e-textiles) have a wide range of potential applications in wearable computing and large-area applications, including medical monitoring, assistance to the disabled, and distributed sensor networks. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a large-scale e-textile that functions as an acoustic beamforming array. The paper conveys the implementation experience and gives results gathered from the prototype. Further, the primary implementation issues and guidelines for future development are identified.     

A semiempirical study on the electronic structure of 10-deacetylbaccatin-III

We performed a conformational and electronic analysis for 10-deacetylbaccatin-III (DBAC) using well-known semiempirical methods (parametric method 3 (PM3) and Zerner's intermediate neglect of differential overlap (ZINDO)) coupled to the concepts of total and local density of states (LDOS). Our results indicate that regions presented by paclitaxel (Taxol) as important for the biological activity can be traced out by the electronic features present in DBAC. These molecules differ only by a phenylisoserine side chain. Compared to paclitaxel, DBAC has a simpler structure in terms of molecular size and number of degrees of freedom (d.f.). This makes DBAC a good candidate for a preliminary investigation of the taxoid family. Our results question the importance of the oxetane group, which seems to be consistent with recent experimental data.     

Acceptance of agile methodologies: A critical review and conceptual framework

It is widely believed that systems development methodologies (SDMs) can help improve the software development process. Nevertheless, their deployment often encounters resistance from systems developers. Agile methodologies, the latest batch of SDMs that are most suitable in dealing with volatile business requirements, are likely to face the same challenge as they require developers to drastically change their work habits and acquire new skills. This paper addresses what can be done to overcome the challenge to agile methodologies acceptance. We provide a critical review of the extant literature on the acceptance of traditional SDMs and agile methodologies, and develop a conceptual framework for agile methodologies acceptance based on a knowledge management perspective. This framework can provide guidance for future research into acceptance of agile methodologies, and has implications for practitioners concerned with the effective deployment of agile methodologies.     

Patient’s Acceptance of IT-Assisted Self-Monitoring: A Multiple-Case Study

ABSTRACT

A qualitative study was conducted to examine patients’ acceptance of self-monitoring devices. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was adapted to this context. The initial elements of the theory were functional performance, medical benefit expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The study not only confirmed the presence of these elements but also revealed the existence of two additional elements, namely, the attending doctor and information technology expert. Furthermore, the research revealed the moderators of the influences of the elements on the acceptance. The most important moderator was the patients’ perceived need for the device. Two significant contributions of the research are the theoretical extensions of the UTAUT to a new context and the practical implications which the makers of self-monitoring devices can utilize the results to prepare educational and marketing materials for the benefit of the patients and the medical professionals.     

Knowledge reuse through electronic repositories: A study in the context of customer service support

Organizations are implementing electronic repository systems to facilitate knowledge reuse but with varying degrees of success. There is a lack of understanding of how individual and technical factors interact in determining knowledge reuse and the performance benefits that could be derived from electronic knowledge repositories. We proposed a model to explain the impact of user motivation and the user's perception of the value of the available knowledge repository on knowledge reuse and the individual's performance benefits through using the system. Through a field survey, we found that perceived knowledge repository capability and intrinsic motivation positively affected knowledge reuse, which in turn impacted the benefits derived from using the system. We also found that perceived knowledge repository capability moderated the relationship between extrinsic reward and knowledge reuse.