Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes and their sensory properties

A facile method to prepare Ag/AgCl-decorated polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites) has been demonstrated. PPy nanotubes were assembled on the reactive self-degraded template of a fibrillar complex of FeCl₃ and methyl orange (MO). By introducing PPy nanotubes into AgNO₃ solution, Ag and AgCl nanoparticles could be uniformly decorated onto the PPy nanotube surface in situ by the reaction of PPy and AgNO₃. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The possible application of PPy/Ag–AgCl nanocomposites as a vapor sensor has also been reported. The responses of these nanocomposites were observed to be reversible by monitoring the change in the resistance of the nanocomposites upon exposure to ammonia vapor. PPy/Ag–AgCl composite nanotubes sensors showed enhanced chemiresistor sensitivity compared with PPy nanotubes.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ag@polycarbazole coaxial nanocables and their enhanced dispersion behavior

Ag@polycarbazole coaxial nanocables (CNCs) have been successfully fabricated by the oxidative polymerization of carbazole over Ag nanowires (NWs) in acetonitrile. The morphology of Ag NWs and CNCs was studied by employing a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which showed them to be a monodisperse material. The thickness of the polymer sheath was found to be 5 nm to 8 nm by observation under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FT-IR and Raman measurements were used to characterize the polymer sheath, which demonstrated it to be a carbon material in polycarbazole form. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for an interfacial study, which revealed that Ag surface atoms remained intact during polymer growth. In the end, zeta potential showed that the dispersion stability of Ag NWs increased due to polymer encapsulation, which is significant to obtain a particular alignment for anisotropic measurement of electrical conductivity.     

The preparation and characterization of the cross-linked Ag–AgCl/polypyrrole nanocomposite

The cross-linked Ag–AgCl/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite was synthesized using silver nanowires as templates. In the process, FeCl₃ served not only as the oxidant for pyrrole monomer but also as the etching-agent for silver nanowires. The morphologies of the product were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The existence of silver chloride and silver in PPy matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope technologies. A possible formation mechanism of the cross-linked Ag–AgCl/PPy nanocomposite was also discussed.     

Bi-2212/Ag多芯线(带)材的制备

系统研究了Bi-2212导体的成材制备技术,通过优化粉末的热处理制度,获得了主相纯度高、各相分布均匀、粒度适宜和碳含量较低的装管粉末;并采用PIT和部分熔化相结合的线(带)材制备方法成功制备出临界电流密度(Jc)为205kA/cm2(4.2K,19T)的37芯带材和104kA/cm2(4.2K,19T)的37芯线材。     

Fabrication of polypyrrole/TiO2 nanocomposite via electrochemical process and its photoconductivity

Size-controllable and vertically-oriented TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) arrays were fabricated using anodic oxidation method from pure titanium sheets in electrolyte solutions. Then with the TNT arrays as the working electrode, a thin film of polypyrrole (Ppy) was synthesized into the TNT arrays via the electrochemical polymerization. During the process, the appearance of redox peaks in cyclic voltammetry curves of the resulting films indicates the occurrence of polymerization. The morphology, the molecular structure, crystallization and optical properties of the TNT arrays and the resulting polymer were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-vis spectrum analysis, respectively. A dual-layered photoreceptor containing the nanocomposite film as the charge generation layer (CGL) was designed and fabricated. It is found that the photoreceptor based on Ppy/TiO₂ nanotubes as CGL exhibits remarkable photoconductive performance.     

Fabrication of RGO/Cu composites based on electrostatic adsorption

To address the issues of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) dispersion in copper (Cu) matrix and interface bonding between RGO and Cu, an electrostatic adsorption method with interface transition phase design was employed to prepare the RGO/Cu based composites. Cu-Ti alloy powder was employed to improve the combination by forming carbides at the RGO-Cu interface. It was noted that the mechanical property of 0.3wt.%RGO/Cu-Ti composite was increased by 60% compared with that of the matrix. Strengthening mechanism analysis suggested that the enhancement of the mechanical property was ascribed to the load transfer and second phase strengthening which were from the improved dispersion of RGO and the in-situ formed titanium carbide phase.     

Room temperature synthesis of Ag/polypyrrole core–shell nanoparticles and hollow composite capsules

Two kinds of Ag/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles have been prepared via a one-step redox reaction between silver nitrate and pyrrole monomer at room temperature. One is Ag@polypyrrole core–shell nanoparticles that were synthesized by making use of synergic inducing effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and p-toluenesulfonic acid existing in aqueous solutions. The other is AgCl@Ag/polypyrrole core–shell composite nanoparticles that were synthesized in the presence of HCl using the in situ-formed AgCl particles as the template. For the latter, its core can be easily removed via a simple dissolving procedure in sodium hyposulfite or ammonium chloride aqueous solutions, obtaining the Ag/polypyrrole hollow composite capsules. Experimental results suggest that the shell thickness and core diameter of the resulting composites can be controlled expediently by adjusting reaction time and concentration of pyrrole monomer.     

一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其SERS性能

以银纳米颗粒为牺牲模板,利用Ag和HAu Cl4之间的置换反应,结合柠檬酸钠同步还原的方法制备了一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒。通过对颗粒形貌及局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的分析,初步研究了此类金/银纳米颗粒的生长机理,并对影响反应的因素进行了探讨。结果表明,通过控制反应条件可以实现对LSPR的精密调控。该类金/银双金属纳米颗粒可用作为SERS基底,苯硫酚在其表面增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性。该基底用于atto610标记的生物素与亲和素的SERS检测,检测限可达80 pg/m L。     

银金修饰TiO2纳米管阵列光阳极的制备及其光伏性质

采用阳极氧化法,以金属钛箔为原料制备了TiO2纳米管阵结构染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池(DSSC)光阳极,并用电沉积、光沉积和真空蒸发法对其表面分别进行金属Ag和Au修饰。对金属修饰前后的光阳极用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)表征发现:阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管阵列结构规整有序;经过化学沉积后,其表面均覆盖有一层致密的金属粒子薄膜。测量光电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)发现:相比纯TiO2纳米管阵列,经过Ag修饰后的TiO2阵列其短路电流密度和开路电压最大可以分别提高到前者的4.9和1.7倍,并且其电化学阻抗出现显著降低。研究表明:金属Ag修饰改善了TiO2纳米管之间的连通性,提高了TiO2光阳极中电子的传输效率,并通过等离子共振激发出光电子,同时与TiO2相互作用,使其在可见光区域也能够促进电子-空穴对的分离。     

磁体用多芯Bi—2223／Ag超导带材的制备和性能

研究了用粉末装和技术制备磁体用多芯Ｂｉ－２２２３／Ａｇ超导带材的工艺性能。结果表明,得到的氧化物芯丝均匀的多芯Ｂｉ－２２２３／Ａｇ超导带材,其Ｂｉ－２２２３单相性较好且晶粒具有ｃ轴取向。在７７Ｋ,０Ｔ下,短带的临界电流密度ＪＣ达２．２×１０＾４Ａ／ｃｍ＾２（判据１μＶ／ｃｍ）。用此带制做的小型超导磁体（外径为８５ｍｍ,内径１０ｍｍ,高６０ｍｍ）,在４．２Ｋ和７７Ｋ下,磁体通过的临界电流ＩＣ分别为１     

氨基功能化CoFe2O4-SiO2 磁性复合材料的制备及其在去除水中重金属离子的吸附性能

钴-铁氧体纳米粒子(CoFe₂O₄ NPs)通过改良的共沉淀法制备,CoFe₂O₄-SiO₂磁性复合材料通过st?ber法合成,为了吸附重金属离子CoFe₂O₄-SiO₂进行了氨基功能化。这种吸附剂的晶体结构、形貌、颗粒尺寸、化学组成和分子结构采用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)进行表征。此复合材料具有优良的磁性能,由于其高的饱和磁化强度,磁铁可以将其在30秒内快速分离。同时,CoFe₂O₄ NPs的磁性能可以通过烧结温度进行调节,随烧结温度提高,磁性能增强。溶液的pH及反应时间对重金属离子吸附的影响进行了研究,此外此吸附剂对Cu (II)、Cd (II)、Mn (II) 和Zn (II)具有较高的吸附容量和去除率,这一结果使此复合材料可以潜在应用于废水中重金属离子的吸附上。     

化学镀法制备B4C/Ag金属陶瓷复合粉体工艺的研究

为改善B4C与其它金属的结合性能,采用化学镀法在B4C粉体上镀Ag制备包覆型陶瓷颗粒.通过粗化、敏化、活化表面镀前处理,用硝酸银镀液成功地得到在B4C上均匀镀Ag的包覆粉体,利用SEM观察到包覆程度可达95%,通过详细讨论镀液的配方、助剂、镀液与B4C粉体的配比对包覆效果的影响,最终得到硝酸银用量控制在8～12g/L能得到所控制的沉积反应速度;包覆反应过程中助剂控制在聚乙二醇8～10g/L、乙醇3～5mL/L较为合适.     

Fabrication of non-superconducting and superconducting joints of Ag/Bi-2223 tapes by diffusion bonding

Diffusion bonding of multifilamentary Ag/Bi-2223(Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x) superconducting tapes has been performed successfully.Three types of joints,namely,with silver interlayer (type I),bonded directly (type II),with Bi-2212(Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1Cu_2O_x) powder interlayer or with Bi-2223 powder interlayer (type III) were researched,respectively.The critical currents(I_C) of these joints were measured and microstructures of the joints were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).The result shows that type I is non-superconducting joint with very low resistance,and type II joint and type III (with Bi-2212 or Bi-2223) joints are both of superconducting property.By comparing,type II joint possesses most excellent superconductivity,type III joint with Bi-2223 powder interlayer takes the second place,and type III joint with Bi-2212 powder interlayer is least.     

多晶Ag基带上YBCO超导膜的TFA-MOD制备法

探讨了三氟乙酸盐受热分解(TFA-MOD)方法在多晶织构Ag基片上制备YBCO膜的工艺参数与薄膜的成分和取向、表面形貌及超导电性之间的关系。通过优化工艺参数，在1cm Ag{110}(110)基带上制备了成分单一、纯c-轴取向及较好面内取向的YBCO膜，Tc=90K，,Jc=15000A／cm^2。     

铜离子和钙离子对羧甲基纤维素在绿泥石表面吸附的影响

通过浮选实验、吸附量测试、ζ电位测试和共沉淀实验,研究铜离子和钙离子对羧甲基纤维素(CMC)抑制绿泥石浮选的影响.结果表明,CMC分子和绿泥石表面存在的静电排斥作用阻碍CMC在绿泥石表面的吸附,铜离子和钙离子的存在增加CMC在绿泥石表面的吸附量.两种离子增加CMC吸附量的作用机理存在不同.在pH 9的条件下,钙离子不能吸附在绿泥石表面,但能与荷负电的CMC分子反应,减弱CMC与绿泥石表面的静电排斥作用,从而增加CMC的吸附量;铜离子能吸附在绿泥石表面为CMC的吸附提供质点,吸附在绿泥石表面和CMC分子上的铜离子降低二者的电位,减弱静电排斥作用,从而增加CMC在绿泥石表面的吸附量.     

棒状Ag2CO3/SrCO3的制备与高可见光光催化活性

以AgNO3, Sr(NO3)2和Na2CO3为前驱体,通过简单的沉淀法制备了棒状。用X-射线衍射,扫描电镜,氮吸附-脱附等温曲线表征了所制备的样品。通过在可见光下降解甲基橙来检测光催化活性。结果表明,随着Ag2CO3/SrCO3摩尔比的减小,Ag2CO3/SrCO3棒逐渐变细变短。棒状Ag2CO3/SrCO3显示了极好的可见光光催化活性,与单一的Ag2CO3和SrCO3比较,Ag2CO3/SrCO3复合物的活性增强,摩尔比为1:5的Ag2CO3/SrCO3棒活性最高。棒状Ag2CO3/SrCO3的高活性是由于其高比表面积和它们之间形成了异质结协同作用的结果。     

Fabrication of YBCO films on Ag substrate by TFA-MOD method

Biaxial aligned YBCO films have been successfully deposited on Ag { 110 } (110) textured polycrystalline substrates by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method using Trifluoroacetate Salt (TFA). The influence of firing temperature and Ag surface defects on phase purity and texture, surface morphology of YBCO films was studied. Holding temperature at 900℃ for 30 rain benefits to improve orientation and connectivity of YBCO films. The surface of YBCO films deposited on unpolished Ag substrate has many holes and stripes, which are parallel to the rolling stripe on Ag substrates. To eliminate the rolling stripe on the Ag surface, Ag substrates were polished prior to films deposition. The film grown on polished Ag substrates has a smooth surface and good connectivity of grains without parallel stripes. The YBCO films have an onset of transition around 90K and critical current densities of 15000 A/cm^2.     

不同形貌银纳米结构的制备及其光学性质

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,利用乙二醇还原体系合成了具有不同形貌的银纳米结构,并详细分析了这些银纳米结构的形貌和结构特征。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱检测分析了不同形貌银纳米结构的光学性质;并从实验和理论上详细研究了单根银纳米线的光波导特征。实验表明,单根Ag纳米线是非常有效的波导腔,入射光可通过存在于Ag纳米线表面的表面等离激元辅助在纳米尺度上有效地输运到纳米线最末端而再发射。     

Preparation of one-dimensional (1D) polyaniline–polypyrrole coaxial nanofibers and their application in gas sensor

A facile and low-cost method has been developed to prepare one-dimensional (1D) polyaniline–polypyrrole (PANI–PPy) coaxial nanofibers (PPCF). The morphology and molecular structure of PPCF were proved by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, EDX, UV–vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. A possible synthetic scheme for the synthesis of PPCF has been proposed. The electrical responses of PPCF to triethylamine (TEA) vapor were measured at room temperature. It was found that PPCF showed a rapid, sensitive and reversible conductance change upon exposure to TEA vapor at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm. The results suggested that the comprehensive performance of the gas sensor using PPCF was better than the results obtained using PANI nanofibers and PPy separately. In addition, a sensing mechanism was proposed.