能量感知的GPSR动态路由负载均衡

贪婪周边无状态路由协议（GPSR）在Ad Hoc和传感器网络中有广泛的应用,GPSR的路由是以距离目的坐标最近的原则进行选路的,容易形成热点路由,从而缩短网络的生存时间。基于对邻居传感器节点的能量感知,提出了有动态负载均衡能力的GPSR路由算法。该算法能够根据网络节点的能量情况动态调整路由。仿真结果表明提出的具有动态路由负载均衡能力的GPSR算法能有效延长网络的生存时间。     

改进的GPSR模型及其仿真分析

为最大限度保证路由QoS需求,引入概率传输机制在前向区域内选择下一跳节点,对无线传感器网络GPSR算法进行改进,提出一种新的无线传感器路由算法IGPSR,与现有GPSR算法主要有两点不同：（1）根据邻居节点剩余能量对前向区域实行分区;（2）在选定的前向区域分区内采用概率传输机制来选择下一跳节点。仿真实验结果表明,IGPSR算法能有效均衡网络节点能量消耗和延长网络生命周期。     

适用于AdHoc网络具有能量约束的QoS路由协议

为了有效利用网络带宽和能量资源,延长网络生存时间,提出一种用于AdHoc网络基于节点剩余能量和路由传输能量的Qos路由协议（QRETP）。该协议通过计算节点带宽保证路由协议对QoS的要求,同时,综合考虑节点剩余能量和传输能量的状况,一方面以避免网络分割为目标,均衡节点能量耗损;另一方面从网络能量有限的角度出发,节省网络能耗。仿真表明,该协议在网络生存时间、节点平均能量消耗以及分组投递率等方面都有一定程度的改善。     

一种基于水声信道的无线传感器网络路由协议

以无线传感器网络的水下应用所面对的挑战为背景,针对水声信道的传输特点,在最小代价算法和目的节点序列距离矢量DSDV(Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector)路由协议的基础上,提出了一种均衡节点能耗的路由协议算法.该协议按照最小能量代价建立多跳路由表,从而在数据传送时能够均衡各节点的能量消耗,达到延长网络生命周期的目的.仿真结果表明,相对于DSDV协议,本文提出的协议能够实现能量均衡,有效的延长网络生存周期.     

基于改进蚁群算法的LEACH协议研究

针对LEACH协议在数据传输阶段,簇首与汇聚节点之间采用单跳模式传输数据使得能量消耗快并且不均衡的问题,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的新型路由协议。该协议利用了能耗因子对蚁群转移概率以及信息素更新进行改进,充分考虑了节点的剩余能量和节点间距离,通过信息素的建立和更新,寻找簇首节点和基站之间的最优传输路径,进行多跳传输模式,从而均衡簇首节点能量消耗。仿真实验结果表明,改进后的ACO-BEC协议较之于LEACH协议,能够有效降低了整个网络能量消耗,延长了网络寿命。     

基于最小生成树的非均匀分簇路由协议

针对无线传感器网络中利用分簇技术,簇首到Sink节点通信采用多跳路由方式容易引起"能量空洞"的问题,提出了基于最小生成树的非均匀分簇路由协议.该协议在簇首选举阶段,以节点剩余能量、节点度、节点能量消耗速度为权重计算簇首竞争等待时间,选用簇首竞争等待时间小的节点为簇首,以均衡能量;簇形成后,以剩余能量、簇间的距离和能量消耗为参数构建基于最小生成树的最优传输路径通过多跳方式将数据发送到Sink节点.仿真结果表明,该路由协议能有效均衡能耗,延长网络生命周期,延缓"能量空洞"的形成.     

基于有效传输的能量敏感的路由协议

能量敏感是传感器网络设计中的一个基本要求,现有的基于位置的路由协议都没有考虑下一跳节点与源节点的距离,使得传输效率不高。本文通过引入有效传输（ET）概念保证每个前向节点比其前驱节点不仅更加靠近目标节点,而且更加远离源节点,提出一种基于ET的能量敏感的路由协议。仿真结果表明这种路由协议与其它一些协议比较起来,可以提供较低的能量消耗。     

一种事件驱动型WSN状态监测信息路由协议

为了均衡无线传感器网络(WSN)中各节点的能量消耗,提出了一种基于分簇路由算法思想的网络自身健康状态信息传输路由协议——事件驱动型状态监测信息路由协议（ED-SMIR）。在ED-SMIR协议中,簇内节点根据能量消耗速度的大小,采用单跳和多跳轮换的方式,簇头到sink节点的路由,采用多跳的方式。仿真实验表明,与LEACH和EDBCM协议相比,ED-SMIR消耗的能量更少,可以均衡整个网络的能量并有效延长网络的生存时间。     

一种改进的无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议

针对无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议数据包多路径冗余传输,能量消耗不均衡等问题,提出了一种改进的无线传感器网络最小跳数路由协议。该协议通过引入侦听机制在网络中建立传输路径,同时采用一种新的能量均衡策略解决关键节点能耗过快的问题,以有效延长网络寿命。通过自主研发的无线传感器网络仿真平台进行仿真,比较最小跳数路由协议和改进协议的性能。实验结果表明:改进协议能够很好的均衡网络能量消耗,提高网络能量有效性,延长了网络寿命。     

基于距离和概率的能量相关路由协议

由于传感器节点只携带能量十分有限的电池,如何最大化网络生命周期是传感器应用必须考虑的问题。提出一个新的能量相关路由算法,即基于概率和距离的能量相关协议EPDRP,该协议在选择下一跳时综合考虑节点位置信息和剩余能量这两个方面。使用NS2对GPSR和EPDRP协议进行了实验分析,结果表明EPDRP获得了更短的路径长度和更少的路由负载,可有效延长无线传感器网络的生命周期。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.