基于视觉预测的运动目标实时跟踪系统

针对机器人控制系统中更高的视觉反馈实时性要求,提出一种基于最小二乘法预测的目标实时跟踪方 法．该方法采用最小二乘法预测运动目标的位置,以限定目标搜索范围,从而提高跟踪速度．实验结果表明该方法 能满足快速视觉伺服响应的实时性要求．     

基于边界搜索的运动对象快速凸壳分割算法

目前在H.264/AVC压缩域分割领域中常用方法造成局部运动矢量(MV)缺失,而通过全局运动补偿来还原运动矢量导致其时间复杂度提高。为解决此问题,提出一种基于边界聚类的快速凸壳分割(BS-CHSTF)算法。该方法主要利用码流中的运动矢量场信息进行分割,首先,对MV利用时空域滤波(STF)对运动矢量进行预处理,采用八方向自适应搜索算法进行边界搜索确定运动连通域;然后根据每个连通域边界求解凸壳并对其进行连通域填充,之后利用运动矢量与距离信息设定聚类规则,对多个连通域进行聚类;最后,对其进行优化掩膜达到分割运动对象的效果。实验结果表明,与混合高斯模型(GMM)分割算法和压缩域蚁群算法(ACA)比较,在分割准确率上平均提高了近3%,甚至在运动矢量场严重缺失的情况下,提高了近20%;而在分割速度上平均提高了近25%。该方法着重于求得运动对象的完整性与快速性,在运动对象不完整的情况下,能够获得较好分割精准度。     

面向竞争型网络机器人的运动目标快速检测

搭建了基于高速视觉的竞争型网络机器人系统.通过对比选取并融合了多种识别方法,设计了一套面向竞争型网络机器人的目标快速识别跟踪算法.采用动态窗口技术,并通过对不同传统方法的改进,进一步提高了该算法的实时性.本文方法能够在较复杂的背景下跟踪运动的目标机器人,具有较小的运算量及较好的鲁棒性.实验结果表明,该算法处理640×4...     

仿人机器人视觉导航中的实时性运动模糊探测器设计

针对仿人机器人视觉导航系统的鲁棒性受到运动模糊制约的问题,提出一种基于运动模糊特征的实时性异常探测方法. 首先定量地分析运动模糊对视觉导航系统的负面影响,然后研究仿人机器人上图像的运动模糊规律,在此基础上对图像的运动模糊特征进行无参考的度量,随后采用无监督的异常探测技术,在探测框架下对时间序列上发生的图像运动模糊特征进行聚类分析,实时地召回数据流中的模糊异常,以增强机器人视觉导航系统对运动模糊的鲁棒性. 仿真实验和仿人机器人实验表明:针对国际公开的标准数据集和仿人机器人NAO数据集,方法具有良好的实时性（一次探测时间0.1s）和有效性（召回率98.5%,精确率90.7%）. 方法的探测框架对地面移动机器人亦具有较好的普适性和集成性,可方便地与视觉导航系统协同工作.     

基于规则的移动机器人实时运动规划

研究移动机器人在动态环境中的导航与避障问题。为提高规划的实时性,提出了基于规则的规划方法,将多移动障碍环境机器人的运动规划分解为相对简单的单移动障碍运动规划,利用最优控制来实现单障碍的最优避障,并用智能搜索方法解决了移动机器人在多移动障碍环境中的实时运动规划问题。仿真实例表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于颜色相似度量的足球机器人目标识别

以足球机器人视觉系统为研究对象,采用一套基于颜色信息的目标识别方法.在足球机器人视觉系统中,我们采用颜色相似系数来确定各主色的颜色值,以此作为图像分割和图像识别的依据.采用全局网格搜索方法实现目标体的识别过程.实验证明,该算法具有良好的准确性和实时性.     

基于特征点分类策略的移动机器人运动估计

为解决移动机器人视觉导航系统在进行机器人运动估计时使用传统运动估计算法计算时间较长而导致实时性较差的问题,提出了一种基于特征点分类策略的移动机器人运动估计方法。根据移动机器人视觉导航系统提供的特征点三维坐标计算出特征点与机器人的距离,从而将特征点分为远点与近点。远点对于机器人的旋转运动是敏感的,因此可用于计算移动机器人的旋转矩阵;近点对于机器人的平移运动是敏感的,因此可用于计算机器人的平移矩阵。仿真实验中,当远点与近点数为原特征点数目的30%时,基于特征点分类策略的运动估计计算精度与传统RANSAC算法相当,并能减少60%的计算时间。仿真结果表明,基于特征点分类策略的运动估计方法能在不降低计算精度的前提下有效减少计算时间,在特征点数目较多时也能很好地适应实时性要求。     

基于快速连通域标记的车牌字符分割

对车牌图像的二值图进行连通域提取可以解决倾斜带来的问题.提出了一种基于快速连通域标记的字符分割方法.先用改进的Otsu法对车牌图像进行二值化分割,之后基于快速连通域标记算法进行连通域标记,最后对各个连通域进行后续处理提取出全部车牌字符连通域.实验表明,改进的快速连通域标记算法克服了倾斜问题,而且有效地提高了连通域提取的速度,获得较好的字符分割的鲁棒性和实时性.     

一种基于拟全方位视觉的移动机器人自运动融合估计方法

基于地平面假设的移动机器人单路视觉运动估计存在鲁棒性和环境适应性较差、精度较低等缺 点,针对这一问题,本文首先介绍了拟全方位视觉系统的构成,并结合该视觉系统的特点给出了一种基于两 步运动的摄像头平行位姿参数标定方法．然后据此提出了一种基于拟全方位视觉的自主移动机器人自运动融 合估计方法．该方法能够借助机器人的非完整运动约束、地平面运行假设以及运动估计参数之间的相容性测 度等多种因素,对拟全方位视觉系统中的各路视觉估计进行性能综合评价;最终依据评价结果融合确定出具 有较高可信度和较强鲁棒性的运动估计参数．实验结果从鲁棒性、精度以及实时性等方面验证了本算法的有 效性．     

一种基于颜色信息的足球机器人目标搜索方法

针对实际比赛中足球机器人视觉系统不能快速、准确地搜索到目标物体的问题,分析了RGB空间模型的优缺点以及基于彩色HSI变换原理,结合足球机器人的实际情况采用了一种从RGB空间到HIS空间快速变换的方法对颜色信息进行处理.同时,通过分析以往的目标搜索方法的优缺点,提出了一种基于颜色索引表的顺序网格法和种子填充法相结合的目标搜索方法,并在足球机器人视觉系统中进行了实验.实验结果表明这种方法既在一定的程度上降低了噪声干扰的影响,又避免了逐个像素计算颜色值,大大降低了计算量,从而提高了系统的实时性和可靠性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。