巨磁阻抗磁传感器研究进展

巨磁阻抗效应是指材料的交流阻抗在外加直流磁场的作用下发生显著变化的现象,利用该效应研制的巨磁阻抗磁传感器具有灵敏度高、体积小和功耗低等特点,具有巨大的应用前景.分析了巨磁阻抗磁传感器的研究现状,重点介绍了磁场传感器、电流传感器和生物传感器的工作原理和特性,并指出了其目前存在的问题和发展趋势.     

一种超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器

设计了一种新的超磁致伸缩材料和声表面波谐振器构成的复合磁传感器.该传感器将超磁致伸缩材料在磁场中产生的应力应变传递到声表面波谐振器上,改变其谐振频率,通过对谐振频率的检测进行磁场测量.该传感器可以用于静态和动态磁场测量,并且可用作无源、无线磁传感器.主要分析了该结构用于静态磁场测量的原理,给出了实验结果.传感器谐振频率的变化对于静态磁场变化的灵敏度可达132 Hz/Oe,谐振频率测量分辨率在1 Hz时,磁场测量分辨率可达10-7T数量级.     

高灵敏度弱磁传感器研究

磁传感器在生物医学、资源探测和航空航天等领域有巨大的应用价值,基于原子自旋的弱磁传感器拥有目前最高的磁场测量灵敏度。但通常的方案采用射频场调制或远离共振的激光检测,前者增加了磁力仪的线宽,而后者对激光频率的锁定带来了困难。为了解决以上问题,提出了一种基于激光强度调制和圆二向色性检测的原子弱磁传感器方案,详细描述了其工作原理和系统构成,并对原子弱磁传感器的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:原子弱磁传感器的磁共振线宽为22 Hz,在对恒定磁场进行30 min连续测量时,峰峰值抖动小于9 pT,灵敏度达到了0.12 pT/Hz1/2。     

Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器/Terfenol-D复合磁传感器

设计了一种由超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D和SAW谐振器构成的复合磁传感器,在磁场作用下,Terfenol-D沿长度方向伸缩,并将应力应变传递至SAW谐振器,使其产生应变,造成谐振频率改变,通过测量SAW谐振器谐振频率的变化来测量磁场强度.分析了该磁传感器的传感原理,建立了该复合磁传感器的静态模型,对弹性敏感元件进行了受力分析,根据压磁方程和受力平衡得到该磁传感器的静态特性.实验结果表明:该复合磁传感器灵敏度可达341.6Hz/Oe,较Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器结构灵敏度提高了3倍;测量谐振频率的分辨率为1Hz,SAW谐振器频率稳定度为0.1×10-6时,该磁传感器对磁场的分辨率为10-6T.     

基于永磁薄膜的MEMS磁传感器设计与制作

提出了一种基于永磁薄膜的新型MEMS磁传感器,磁传感器由MEMS扭摆、CoNiMnP永磁薄膜和差分检测电容等部分组成。分析了磁传感器的磁敏感原理和电容检测原理,提出了器件的结构参数并对器件进行了模态仿真。利用MEMS加工技术成功制作了MEMS磁传感器样品,并进行了测试。测试结果表明:得到的MEMS磁传感器的电容灵敏度可达到27.7 fF/mT,且具有良好的线性度。根据现有的微小电容检测技术,传感器的磁场分辨率可达到36 nT。     

磁阻型弱磁传感器特性自动测试系统

随着磁阻型弱磁传感器的深入研究和广泛应用,方便、快速的测量传感器低频噪声、灵敏度、非线性等特性已成为研究其低频弱磁场测量能力的基础。设计开发了一套弱磁传感器特性自动测试系统,其自身的噪声平方根谱密度小于槡5 nV/Hz(在10kHz)。它包括亥姆霍兹线圈、惠斯登电桥和低噪声放大器、磁屏蔽桶、高精度数据采集卡和PC等硬件模块,采用互相关功率谱分析方法得到传感器低频噪声,通过传感器输入输出特性曲线得到其灵敏度和非线性等参数。利用该系统对商业化巨磁阻传感器AA002进行了测试,得到其在6 V供电时噪声平方根普密度约为槡10 nV/Hz(在10 kHz),线性范围内的灵敏度为3.35 mV/(G.V-1)。结果表明该系统为研究和分析磁阻型弱磁传感器的特性提供了一种有效的检测手段。     

非晶纳米晶带材巨磁阻抗磁传感器特性分析

利用非晶纳米晶带材的巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应制备一种磁传感器,在输出最大值的特定频率下,研究与带材轴线平行和垂直方向磁场的输出特性.研究表明:在10.5 MHz附近的激励频率作用下,传感器输出取得最大值;传感器对平行磁场有一段高灵敏的线性工作区间,对垂直磁场不响应;纳米晶带材GMI磁传感器的灵敏度高达0.669 1 V/Oe,优于非晶带材制备器件的灵敏度0.1483 V/Oe.     

基于巨磁阻抗效应的微磁传感器研制

分析了巨磁阻抗敏感材料CoFeSiB非晶丝的特性,研制了磁传感器的硬件系统并对其进行了标定.试验表明:基于巨磁阻抗效应的新型微磁传感器具有灵敏度高、饱和磁场低、响应快和稳定性好等优点,具有较好的应用前景.     

基于非晶带巨磁阻抗效应的新型弱磁场传感器

利用短时矩形脉冲电流对近零磁致伸缩系数钴基非晶态合金带进行退火处理,得到约114%的巨磁阻抗变化率.同时利用CMOS多谐振荡电路产生窄脉冲电流序列对前面处理过的非晶带进行激励,制作成灵敏度高、稳定性好、功耗低的弱磁场传感器.对传感器的工作原理进行了分析,并设计了信号处理电路.该传感器可应用于对弱磁场的检测.     

不同长度敏感元件的两种巨磁阻抗传感器传感性能研究

针对采用Co基非晶丝作为敏感元件的传统巨磁阻抗传感器和非对角巨磁阻抗传感器进行比较研究。改变敏感元件的长度,观察两者在直流外磁场作用下输出信号的变化规律,并讨论退磁场等因素对传感器输出信号的影响。结果显示非对角巨磁阻抗传感器具有高灵敏度,无磁滞等优点,且灵敏度随样品长度的减小略有增大,在测量弱磁场方面表现出更大的潜力,为磁敏传感器的小型化提供了一定的参考依据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。