FBG位移传感器的标定与不确定度分析

为了提高光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)位移传感器标定精度和实现自动标定,设计一种量程为18 cm的FBG位移传感器校准装置对FBG位移传感器进行在线校准.通过对FBG解调仪测量的波长量和计算得出的位移量进行最小二乘法拟合得到FBG传感器的静态标定系数,并对标定装置和传感器进行不确定度评定.实验结果表明:FBG位移传感器标定平台标定得到FBG位移传感器的灵敏度为0.0145 nm/mm,线性度为99.87％,重复性误差为0.082％,校准装置的测量不确定度为0.11 mm.     

无封装FBG应变传感器在桩基试验中的标定研究

针对海上风电桩基的沉桩模型试验,采用无封装分布式光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)应变传感器对模型桩的沉桩过程进行应变监测,为提高FBG应变传感器的测量精度,通过采用自主设计并研制出的标定装置,提出了一种用于桩基试验的无封装FBG应变传感器灵敏度系数的标定方法,并将标定结果与理论值进行对比。随后,在模型桩的桩顶、桩中和桩底位置安装电阻式应变片进行加载试验,将FBG应变传感器的测量应变数据与电阻应变片测量数据进行对比分析。研究结果表明：标定后的FBG应变传感器的灵敏度系数与理论值相比存在较大差异,最大误差为6.76%,这是由于标定后的FBG应变传感器测量结果更为准确,并且FBG传感器的测量精度要高于应变片。该标定试验为后续沉桩试验模型桩应变、应力及桩侧阻力的监测提供了可靠的数据支撑。     

旋转式FBG粘度计设计与有限元分析

设计了一种用于测量液体粘度的旋转式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)粘度计.对旋转式FBG粘度计的主体结构进行有限元分析,有限元分析表明:在转速同为44 r/min的条件下,当设置液体粘度参数分别为0.5,0.75,1.5Pa·s时,传感元件的最大应变量分别为2.578×10-6,3.836 × 10-6,7.502×10-6,扭转角度分别为1.32°,2.04°,3.83°.结果显示:改变液体的粘度值能够对测扭传感器扭转形变产生影响,并且呈一定的线性关系.有限元分析为研究传感器的工作原理和改进传感器的结构性能提供了依据.     

安全阀阀瓣膜传感器标定的理论与实验研究

通过对安全阀阀瓣膜传感器进行ANSYS数值模拟和相关实验研究,从理论和实验两方面探索了对阀瓣膜传感器进行标定问题,经过实验验证后,提出了一种准确可行的标定方案.首先,采用ANSYS软件模拟了阀瓣膜传感器承受不同载荷下的应变与压力的关系;同时也设计了一套阀瓣膜传感器的标定实验装置,利用该实验装置对阀瓣膜传感器进行了标定实验.标定实验结果分析表明,阀瓣在承受不同载荷的情况下,应变与压力呈良好的线性关系,线性度达到99.9%,并与相同载荷情况下ANSYS分析结果完全吻合,从而验证了这一标定实验方案的可靠性;通过对阀瓣膜传感器的灵敏度、线性度、重复性、滞后性等指标进行分析,结果显示其参数满足一般传感器的标准,验证了该传感器的可行性.     

基于人工鱼群算法的光纤应变传感网络布置优化

为了提高光纤传感网络测量精度,对传感器的节点布置进行优化研究。根据光纤应变传感器检测区域模型,确定优化问题的目标函数,使用全局人工鱼群算法建立布置优化模型。通过实验方法对布置优化结果进行分析。结果表明:优化后,传感器测量应变误差最大值为8. 72×10~(-6),最小值为2. 54×10~(-6),平均误差为6. 61×10~(-6)。相比优化前分别降低了68. 9%,82. 9%和70. 8%。优化后,使得测量的应变相比人工随机布置传感器测量值更接近真实值,具有较好的测量精度。     

FBG传感器监测钻爆对邻近隧道衬砌结构的影响

新隧道的施工爆破产生的地震波会影响邻近既有隧道衬砌结构的安全和稳定。结合新建碧鸡关隧道实际工程,应用15只光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)表面应变传感器对既有碧鸡关隧道衬砌表面迎爆侧进行了8次爆破和3次列车通过时的应变监测,研究了爆破对邻近隧道衬砌表面应变变化的影响。2010年6月23日爆破药量为129 kg,爆破量为中等,爆破对衬砌表面的应变产生了明显的波动影响,引起传感器在发生爆破前后出现数据突变,应变最大变化量在35×10-6~43×10-6之间。当列车通过碧鸡关隧道时,衬砌表面的应变变化较小,应变最大变化量在9×10-6~12×10-6之间。     

Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器/Terfenol-D复合磁传感器

设计了一种由超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D和SAW谐振器构成的复合磁传感器,在磁场作用下,Terfenol-D沿长度方向伸缩,并将应力应变传递至SAW谐振器,使其产生应变,造成谐振频率改变,通过测量SAW谐振器谐振频率的变化来测量磁场强度.分析了该磁传感器的传感原理,建立了该复合磁传感器的静态模型,对弹性敏感元件进行了受力分析,根据压磁方程和受力平衡得到该磁传感器的静态特性.实验结果表明:该复合磁传感器灵敏度可达341.6Hz/Oe,较Terfenol-D/SAW谐振器结构灵敏度提高了3倍;测量谐振频率的分辨率为1Hz,SAW谐振器频率稳定度为0.1×10-6时,该磁传感器对磁场的分辨率为10-6T.     

FBG传感器监测气候条件对电力铁塔横担应变的影响

在电力塔架横担长期运营过程中,绝缘横担的应力变化复杂。对横担应力的实时监测是保证塔架横担长期安全稳定的一个重要因素。提出一种可以把横担主材所受应力变化转换成光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)波长移位量的FBG应变传感器应用于变电站的电力塔架上。根据盐津变电站的气候特点,在塔架上下桁架主材表面中心处安装4只应变传感器。针对2011年2月份的气候条件,应变监测范围为-58.05×10-6~-242.52×10-6;同时在监测过程中2011年1月12日上午10点出现降雪、降雨天气,应变监测范围为-93.71×10-6~-3.46×10-6,并在10点4只应变传感器同时出现波动变化。实验表明正常情况下,电缆风舞、降雪、降雨等气候条件主要引起了电力铁塔中横担的形变。     

Bragg光纤光栅法布里-珀罗应变传感器研究

提出了一种将Bragg光纤光栅(FBG)与全光纤法布里-珀罗传感器(FFPI)结合使用对静态应变进行高分辨率测量的新方法.选用中心波长基本相同的两个光栅组成的光纤法布里-珀罗传感器的反射谱具有光纤光栅和法布里-珀罗干涉仪的共同特性,因此可利用FBG的反射波长与应变漂移特性来粗测应变的范围,利用FFPI和伪外差解调法对精密测量应变的值,实现高分辨率的测量.通过实验测定,该系统对静态应变测量的分辨率达到了59.2nε.     

一种改进的双光纤光栅大电流传感器

超磁致伸缩材料(Tb0.30Dy0.70Fe1.95)在不同方向具有不同的磁致伸缩效应,在此基础上,提出了一种改进的基于超磁致伸缩材料的双光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)大电流传感器结构.通过检测2个Bragg光栅的波长漂移差得到被测电流.消除了超磁致伸缩材料的温度影响,解决了FBG的温度-应变交叉敏感问题,同时,增大了FBG的应变,提高了传感器精度.试验结果表明:在-10～60℃的温度变化范围内,该传感器2个Bragg波长差与电流变化具有较好的线性度,不受温度变化的影响.传感器的电流灵敏度为5.78×10-4nm/A,与理论值的相对误差为2.89%.理论与试验结果符合较好,表明该传感器结构是可行的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.