触发器可靠度计算的F-PTM方法

传统的概率转移矩阵（PTM）方法是一种用于估计软错误对组合电路可靠度影响的有效方法,但传统PTM方法只适用于组合逻辑电路的可靠度评估.触发器是时序逻辑电路的重要组成部分,其可靠度评估对时序电路的可靠度分析研究至关重要.为此,本文提出了基于PTM的触发器可靠度计算的F-PTM方法及电路PTM的判定定理.F-PTM方法首先建立触发器电路的特征方程,再用电路PTM的判定定理生成触发器的PTM,最后,根据输入信号的概率分布函数计算出电路的可靠度.与传统PTM方法相比较,F-PTM方法既能计算组合电路的PTM,又能计算触发器电路的PTM,其通用性强.对典型的触发器电路和74X系列电路中的触发器电路的实验结果表明,F-PTM方法合理可行.与多阶段方法和Monte Carlo方法的实验结果相比较,F-PTM方法得到的结果更精确.     

脉冲传输式激光技术

脉冲传输式激光技术(PTM)是一种有效的产生激光窄脉冲的技术。作者运用这种技术已获得脉宽≤4毫微秒,峰值功率达到40兆瓦的稳定的红宝石激光输出。本文阐述PTM技术的原理和运转程序,分析PTM脉宽与腔长、倒空开关速度的关系,介绍实验结果,并对影响脉宽和峰值功率以及输出稳定度的各因素做了分析讨论。PTM运转程序实验装置如图1。     

脉冲传输式激光技术

本文简述脉冲传输式激光技术(PTM)的原理,并建立物理数学模型,分析PTM运转过程,得出PTM输出脉冲宽度与腔长、倒空开关速度之间有着△τ=(t_k+t_d)/2的近似关系。式中:△τ为PTM输出脉冲宽度;t_k为倒空开关速度;t_d为光在腔内运行一个双程所需的时间。     

基于改进PTM方法的疲劳寿命分析

疲劳寿命的试验实际能获取的指标样本数据往往是小样本数据,由于异常点的存在,样本均值易受到影响,使得由经典方法得出的置信区间缺失稳健性。文中结合小样本数据合理地引进了改进的PTM方法,在总体分布不同的情况下,通过数据模拟与实例分析,分析了改进的PTM方法的优良性,结果显示在小样本下改进的PTM方法能够得出更短的置信区间,更高的真值覆盖率,稳健性更好。     

腔倒空染料激光器

本文描述了闪光灯泵浦的若丹明6G有机染料激光器的PTM模式运转的理论分析和实验研究.探讨了影响PTM模式运转效率的因素,获得5～25毫微秒的输出光脉冲,输出功率比正常型振荡腔提高22倍.     

高重复频率窄脉冲PTM Nd:YAG激光器

电光工作者长期希望 Nd:YAG 激光器能以10千赫以上重复频率输出高峰值功率窄的脉冲。以往是用电光调制器进行脉冲传输(PTM)调制,但由于这些调制器的插入损耗,高平均功率反而影响它的性能。现已研究了新的 PTM 技术。它是把声光(A-O)和受抑全内反射(FTIR)调制器结合使用。选择这些器件的理由是它们的工作与激光的偏振方向无关,而且县有低的插入损耗。这种新的 PTM 结构比普通 A-O Q 开关优越,它显著提高了峰值功率,压缩了脉宽。初步实验室试验表明,如果能够使 FTIR 调制器实现最佳 PTM 工作,可从 Nd:YAG 谐振腔以高重复频率输出窄脉冲。     

闪光灯泵浦染料激光器PTM运转的能量转移特性

根据由速率方程导出的一组微分-积分方程,研究了闪光灯泵浦染料激光器PTM运转时的能量转移特性。比较了PTM运转和正常运转时能量转移过程的主要区别。给出了转移到受激辐射、非受激辐射、腔损耗、三重态吸收等方面的能量与腔内光子寿命的关系。     

基于概率转移矩阵的时序电路可靠度估计方法

传统的概率转移矩阵(Probabilistic Transfer Matrix,PTM)方法是一种能够比较精确地估计软差错对门级电路可靠度影响的方法,但现有的方法只适用于组合逻辑电路的可靠度估计.本文提出基于PTM的时序电路可靠度估计方法(reliability estimation of Sequential circuits based on PTM,S-PTM),先把待评估时序电路划分为输出逻辑模块和次态逻辑模块,然后用本文提出的时序电路PIM计算模型得到电路的PIM,最后根据输入信号的概率分布计算出时序电路的可靠度.用ISCAS 89基准电路为对象进行实验和验证,实验表明所提方法是准确和合理的.     

PTM调Q红宝石激光器的研究

本文给出了PTM调Q红宝石的实验结果。经二级行波放大后,获得了脉宽4.5毫微秒、能量大于2.5焦耳的激光脉冲。     

钕玻璃激光器PTM调Q选横模的实验研究

本文报告在钕玻璃激光器上用PTM调Q技术进行横模选择的方法及实验结果。     

New Generation of Predictive Technology Model for Sub-45 nm Early Design Exploration

A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and correlations among model parameters, must be included. In this paper, a new generation of predictive technology model (PTM) is developed to accomplish this goal. Based on physical models and early-stage silicon data, the PTM of bulk CMOS is successfully generated for 130- to 32-nm technology nodes, with an L_eff of as low as 13 nm. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified: The error of I _on is below 10% for both n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS. By tuning only ten primary parameters, the PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime, particularly the interactions among L_eff, V_th, mobility, and saturation velocity. A website has been established for the release of PTM: http://www.eas.asu.edu/~ptm     

Nature-Inspired Solar-Thermal Gradient Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel-based Bilayer Phase Change Composites for Self-Adaptive Personal Thermal Management

Although personal thermal management (PTM) materials for daily routine environments are widely investigated, the exploration of multifunctional PTM materials with excellent feasibility in complex and outdoor scenarios is still in its infancy. Herein, inspired by the temperature regulation effect of the atmosphere, a novel design for fabricating solar-thermal gradient reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aerogel-based bilayer phase change composite (GRGC) featuring “energy regulation” and “energy inverse compensation” is proposed for self-adaptive PTM applications. By integrating the solar-thermal energy conversion ability of RGO, the heat regulation of the aerogel/octadecane bilayer structure with the unique gradient RGO framework inside, and the latent-heat compensation of octadecane, the bilayer GRGC can serve as an efficient PTM device to mitigate drastic temperature changes of human skin in harsh environments. This multifunctional PTM device can not only keep a warm skin surface microclimate in a frigid environment of −5 °C via the synergistic effect of the solar-thermal conversion, the aerogel thermal insulation, and the phase-change latent heat release, but also provide efficient thermal buffering to prevent hyperthermia in hot environments through its phase-change behavior and its thermal insulation. This gradient and bilayer design opens a new avenue for fabricating self-adaptive PTM devices for applications in harsh environments.     

Efficient reliability evaluation methodologies for combinational circuits

Reliability evaluation methodologies have become important in circuit design. In this paper, we focus on the probabilistic transfer matrix (PTM), which has proven to be a gate-level approach for accurately assess the reliability of a combinational circuit with penalty in simulation runtime and memory usage. In order to improve its efficiency, several methodologies based on traditional PTM are proposed. A general tool is developed to calculate the reliability of a circuit with efficient computation methods based on an optimized PTM (denoted as ECPTM), which achieves runtime and memory usage improvement. Experiments demonstrate how the proposed simulation framework, combined with traditional PTM method, can provide significant reduction in computation runtime and memory usage with different benchmark circuits.     

基于概率转移矩阵的串行电路可靠度计算方法

概率转移矩阵(Probabilistic Transfer Matrix,PTM)方法是一种能够在门级比较精确地估计差错对电路可靠性影响的方法,但目前其实现方法只能适用于较小规模的电路.本文引入了电路划分的思想,先把电路分割成一组适宜用原始PTM方法直接计算其可靠度的模块,然后计算出这些模块的可靠度,再依据串行可靠度模型,将所有模块可靠度合成为整个电路的可靠度.本文用实验的方法通过对74系列电路的分析得到了合适的电路分割参数,即分割宽度,再进一步对ISCAS85基准电路进行了可靠度的计算,结果表明新方法可以适用于更大规模的无冗余组合电路.通过与依据美军标MIL-HDBK-217所算得的可靠度的比较,验证了本文所提出的方法的合理性.     

Phase‐Transition Microneedle Patches for Efficient and Accurate Transdermal Delivery of Insulin

Utilizing the unique virtue of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of forming microcrystalline domains as the cross‐linking junctions, a new microneedle system, phase‐transition microneedle (PTM) patch, is invented, which enables highly efficient transdermal delivery of insulin without depositing the needle tip materials to the skin. PTM, formed of biocompatible PVA as the main component, is sufficiently strong for its needle tip to penetrate the epidermis in the dry state, release preloaded cargos by absorbing body fluid in the dermis layer nearly as fast as subcutaneous injection, and retain mechanical toughness in the hydrated state to ensure complete removal from the skin. The microcrystalline cross‐linking enables a protein‐friendly fabrication process free of hazardous cross‐linking agents required for chemical and ionic cross‐linking. Pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies of insulin‐loaded PTM using pig models indicate a transdermal bioavailability over 20%, similar deviations and peak width, only 18 min behind Tmax, and lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) as compared with injection pens. The complete removability of hydrated needle tips may endow PTM with an additional safety insurance, terminating medication whenever hypoglycemia becomes a concern. PTM patch is practically applicable to a variety of protein/peptide medicines requiring frequent dosing by offering painless administration, freedom of refrigeration, and minimal safety concerns.     

PTM Q突变技术研究

Q突变技术归结为PRM和PTM~*两种控制谐振腔内光子寿命的基本方法.文中以PTMQ突变技术为例给出了实验结果.提出了获得激光脉宽极值τ_(pu)∝L/C可采用双端开腔Q技术的建议.