大孔交联聚丙烯醛—苯乙烯型树脂的研究：Ⅲ.聚丙烯醛—水杨醛双腙螯合树…

本文通过交联聚丙烯醛与水合肼反应制得的聚丙烯醛树脂（Ⅰ），进一步与水杨醛反应，制得丙烯醛－水杨醛双腙树脂。该树脂对金铁吸附容量为１．５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ（２９４ｍｇＡｕ＾３＋／ｇ），对钯的吸附容量为０．８８ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ（９３ｍｇＰｄ＾２＋／ｇ）。吸附在树脂上的Ａｕ＾３＋，Ｐｄ＾２＋可用硫脲－ＨＣｌ溶液洗脱，回收率分别为９９．９％（Ａｕ＾３＋）和９９．０６％（Ｐｄ２＋）。     

液膜法分离富集测定钢中痕量铅

用２，６－二酮吡啶－１８－王冠－６（２－６－ＤＫＰ－１８－Ｃｒｏｗｅ－６），ＳＰＡＮ８０，Ｓ１００Ｎ－Ｉ（中性油）和Ｃ２Ｈ２Ｃｌ４乳状液膜体系，研究了Ｐｂ６２＋的迁移行为。在适宜条件下，８ｍｉｎ内Ｐｂ＾２＋的迁移率达９９．５％以上，而而这种情况下，许多金属离子如Ｆｅ＆３＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｒ＾３＋，Ｌｉ＾＋，∑ＲＥ＾３＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｂａ６２＋，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ａｌ＾３＋，     

液膜分离富集CN^—与测定水中氰化物

用ＴＢＰ－ＰＭＢＰ、ＳＰＡＮ８０、液体石蜡、煤油和内相（２％ＮａＯＨ溶液）乳状液膜，研究了ＣＮ＾－的迁移行为及最适宜的实验条件。ＣＮ＾－在１５ｍｉｎ内可以迁移９９．５％以上。在此情况下许多共存离子，如Ｍｏ＾６＋、Ｍｏ＾５＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｓｒ＾２＋、Ｂａ＾２＋、ΣＲＥ＾３＋、Ａｇ＾２＋、Ｐｄ＾２＋、Ｐｔ＾４＋、Ｒｈ＾３＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｗ＾６     

A—S氨水脱硫技术在攀钢的应用

采用Ａ－Ｓ氨水脱硫工艺除去焦炉煤气中的硫化氢，使煤气中Ｈ２Ｓ含量达到０．５２ｇ／Ｎｍ＾３，既提高了煤气质量，确保钢铁生产需要；又可回收Ｈ２Ｓ制造重要的化工产品－硫酸，并减少了Ｈ２Ｓ对煤气管网的腐蚀。对Ａ－Ｓ氨水脱硫工艺存在的不足之处提出了改进意见。     

5—（2—噻唑）偶氮—8—氨基喹啉的合成及光度法测定微量钴

合成了新试剂５－（２－噻唑）偶氮－８－氨基喹啉，测定了它的酸离解常数，并用于光度法测定微量钴。在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，０．０４－０．０２ｍｏｌ／ｌ ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＴＡＡＱ与Ｃｏ＾２＋形成１：３的深蓝色络合物，最大吸收峰位于６３０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２３×１０＾５ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１。Ｃｏ＾２＋在０－１０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。方法具有较好的选择性，已用于ＶＢ１２及矿石分析，结     

非平衡萃取体系研究：2—乙基已基膦酸单2—乙基已基酯萃锌

以正辛烷为稀释剂，采用上升液滴法研究了在硝酸盐体系中Ｐ５０７萃取锌（Ⅱ）的动力学。条件试验表明，该萃取过程受反应Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）Ａ．ＨＡ（＋）ｉ＋２Ｈ２Ａ２（α）＝Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）Ａ２．２ＨＡ（ｏ）＋２ＨＡ（１）＋Ｈ＾＋控制，萃取速率可表示为：Ｒ＝ｋ＇［Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）］［Ｈ２Ａ２］＾２（Ｏ）／ｋ２［Ｈ＾＋］＋ｋ３［Ｈ２Ａ２］＾２（ｏ），在２９８Ｋ时测得表观速率常数Ｋ值为１０＾－＾６．６７ｄｍ＾－＾２ｓ－＾－＾１ｍ     

硫氰酸盐法浸取金银的热力学分析

本文从热力学理论方面，研究了硫氰酸盐浸取金银的可能性，通过理论计算及实验测定，绘制出常温下Ａｕ（Ａｇ）－ＳＣＮ＾－－Ｈ２Ｏ系的ＰＨ－电位图，进一步分析了该法溶金的化学过程。     

动力学XRFA法测定合金及矿中的微量钒

基于Ｖ＾５＾＋对Ｆｅ＾２＾＋诱导Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７氧化Ｓｂ＾３＾＋反应的抑制作用，建立了动力学ＸＲＦＡ测定钒的方法，检测限为０．０５μｍｌ，测定范围为０．０５－２．６μｇ／５０ｍｌ钒。     

铁液中Al—N,Nb—N平衡的研究

采用取样法，在密封体系ＭｇＯ坩埚中研究了铁液中Ｎｌ－Ｎ，Ｎｂ－Ｎ反应平衡。得到氮在铁液中的溶解平衡常数１ｇＫ＝－１１０６／Ｔ－０．７７１ １ｇＫＡＩＮ＝－９９０９／Ｔ＋３．８１ △Ｇ＾０ＡＩＮ＝１８９８００－７３．０ＴＪ／ｍｏｌ，ｅＮ＾Ａ＾ｌ＝－０．５３０＋９３６／Ｔ１ｇＫＮｂＮ＝－３４７００／Ｔ＋１８．３７ △Ｇ＾０ＮｂＮ＝６６４６５０－３５２ＴＪ／ｍｏｌ，ｅ＾Ｎ＾ｂＮ＝０．０９０－２５８．８／     

溴化物溶液中活性炭吸附金的研究

用活性炭可从含金浸化物溶液中吸附金。在室温（２０－３５℃）；Ｃ：Ａｕ＝０．７ｇ：１ｍｇ；溶液ｐＨ＜６；溶液中化钠浓度小于０．２ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－＾１；适当搅拌下；吸附４ｈ，金金吸附率可达９５％以上。吸附反应为溶液，金扩散过程所控制。－ｄｃ／ｄｔ－ｋｃ；ｋ＝０．０３５３ｍｉｎ＾－＾１。吸附等温线可用朗格公尔缪式表示ｑ＝ｑ∞ａｃ／（１＋ａｃ），ｑ∞≈３３５ｍｇ．ｇ＾－＾１，ａ≈０．０５６２Ｌ．ｍｇ＾－＾１     

黄原酸化壳聚糖和巯基化壳聚糖在环境保护中的应用研究

制备了黄原酸化壳聚糖（CTS—CS2）、巯基化壳聚糖（CTS—SH）。研究了其对环境菌群的抑制作用,对污水中金属离子的吸附作用,以及对废气中铅的消除作用。为壳聚糖复合物在环境保护中应用做了基础研究。     

Investigation of the processes of obtaining plastic treatment and electrochemical behaviour of lead alloys in their capacity as anodes during the electroextraction of zinc II. Electrochemical formation of phase layers on binary PbAg and PbCa, and ternary PbAgCa alloys in a sulphuric-acid electrolyte for zinc electroextraction

The electrochemical oxidation processes and phase formation on binary PbAg and PbCa, and ternary PbAgCa alloys during anodic treatment of the electrodes for conditions in a sulphuric acid electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical behaviour of lead and its alloys was studied by the cyclic voltammetry method (CVA). X-ray and SEM were used for the phase composition and surface structure analysis. It was established that only the ternary plastically treated PbAg 0.5%-Ca 0.11% alloys reveal similarities to the industrially applied PbAg 1 % anodes. It may be assumed in the case of ternary alloys that the catalytic layer is composed of a dense non-conductive MnO₂ layer of crystals serving as basic sites for oxygen evolution.     

Pathophysiology of antigen 85 in patients with active tuberculosis: antigen 85 circulates as complexes with fibronectin and immunoglobulin G

Antigen 85 (Ag85) complex proteins are major secretory products of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses in infected experimental animals and human beings. We have previously shown that nanogram doses of these 30- to 32-kDa fibronectin-binding proteins inhibit local expression of delayed hypersensitivity by a T-cell fibronectin-dependent mechanism. Circulating levels of Ag85 might be expected to be elevated in patients with active tuberculosis and possibly to play a role in systemic anergy in these patients. To test this hypothesis, Ag85 was measured in serum and urine by a monoclonal antibody-based dot immunobinding assay in 56 patients and controls with known skin test reactivity. Median serum Ag85 levels were 50- to 150-fold higher in patients with active tuberculosis than in patients with active M. avium-intracellulare disease or other nontuberculous pulmonary disease or in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The median and range of serum Ag85 in patients with active tuberculosis was not significantly different between skin test-positive and -negative subjects. Patients with active M. avium disease could be distinguished from those with disease due to M. tuberculosis by monoclonal anti-Ag85 antibodies of appropriate specificities. No increases in urinary Ag85 were detected in any patient, regardless of the Ag85 level in serum. Chromatographic analysis and immunoprecipitation studies of serum revealed that Ag85 existed in the serum of these patients complexed to either fibronectin or immunoglobulin G (IgG). Uncomplexed circulating Ag85 was demonstrable in serum from fewer than 20% of patients with active tuberculosis. In patients with active tuberculosis, Ag85 is therefore likely to circulate primarily as complexes with plasma fibronectin and IgG rather than in unbound form. The existence of Ag85 complexes with plasma proteins would account for its lack of urinary clearance.     

An AP-FIM study on metastable phases in AlAg binary alloy

The morphology and chemical composition of metastable phases in an Al-5.72at.% Ag alloy have been investigated by means of atom-probe field ion microscopy. It was found that the η G.P. zones formed by aging at 413 K have an average solute concentration of 45.8 ± 0.7 at.% Ag. the present data on zone size and interparticle distance were found to be consistent with data determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. When the specimen was aged at 436 K for 60 ks, both ϵ G.P. zones and γ′ metastable phase were observed simultaneously. The solute concentration of ϵ zones was determined to be 35.7 ± 0.2 at.% Ag. The γ′ phase was a plate-like precipitate lying on the {111} matrix plane, and its solute concentration was 33.3 ± 1.5 at.% Ag and its thickness was in the range of 2.3–7.0 nm. By combining the present data with other results certain pending questions on the structures of metastable phases in this alloy have been successfully solved.     

Lack of type 2 T cell-independent B cell responses and defect in isotype switching in TNF-lymphotoxin alpha-deficient mice

TNF is implicated in in vitro Ig production, but its role in vivo is not clearly defined. Our previous studies had shown that TNF-LT alpha double-deficient mice have defective IgM and IgG primary Ab responses to the T cell-dependent (TD) Ag SRBC. We now extend these studies to secondary responses and to T cell-independent (TI) B cell responses. Injections of the TD Ag SRBC did not induce germinal center formation in the spleen of TNF-LT alpha-deficient mice. Associated with the morphologic defect, there was a defective IgG Ab response and a secondary hyper-IgM response to the TD Ag in TNF-LT alpha-deficient mice. The response to the TI Ag type 2 DNP-alanyl-glycyl-glycyl-Ficoll was essentially absent in TNF-LT alpha-deficient mice, while that to the TI Ag type 1 TNP-LPS was significantly reduced only for IgG2b isotype. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from wild-type mice into irradiated TNF-LT alpha-deficient mice restored the formation of splenic germinal centers and corrected the IgM and IgG responses to both TD and TI Ags. These data suggest that TNF and/or LT alpha signaling are critically required for germinal center formation and for the IgM and IgG responses to both TD and TI type 2 Ags.     

Expression of mouse CD43 in the B cell lineage of transgenic mice causes impaired immune responses to T-independent antigens

CD43 (leukosialin), a sialylated glycoprotein expressed on the surface of most hematopoietic cells, has been implicated in cell adhesion and signaling. However, its precise physiological function remains unclear. We used mouse CD43 (mCD43)-immunoglobulin enhancer-transgenic (TG) mice to study the role of mCD43 in vivo. Previous work revealed that mCD43 expression on mature B cells in these mice resulted in immunodeficiency to T-dependent (TD) antigens (Ag), possibly by impairing B-T cell interactions. In the present study we have immunized the TG mice with the T-independent (TI) Ag fluorescein-(Fl) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TI type 1 Ag) and Fl-Ficoll (TI type 2 Ag). Surprisingly, the mCD43-Ig enhancer expressing mice were impaired in their ability to mount humoral responses to both Fl-LPS and Fl-Ficoll, and had decreased numbers of cells responding to Ag in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on peritoneal B-1 cells, a population which often plays a major role in humoral responses to TI Ag such as bacterial Ag. This analysis revealed similar B220, IgM and CD5 expression patterns for the TG and nontransgenic (NTG) B-1 cells. In addition, purified peritoneal B-1 cells from TG and NTG mice were able to respond to LPS. Stimulation of splenic B cells in vitro with Fl-LPS and Fl-Ficoll revealed that, in contrast to NTG B cell responses, TG B cell responses could not be enhanced by co-culture with T cells. However, soluble T cell factor enhancement of the TG B cell responses was normal. These data suggest that the mCD43 expression on B cells may inhibit cell interactions that are important for enhanced TI Ag responses. The anti-adhesive forces of mucins in general may thus be critical in regulating both TD and TI humoral responses.     

Isolation of MHC class I-restricted tumor antigen peptide and its precursors associated with heat shock proteins hsp70, hsp90, and gp96

We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with heat shock proteins hsp70, hsp90, and gp96 elicits specific immunity against the tumor from which the hsps were purified. Although the association of tumor Ag peptides with these hsps have been suggested, the identification of the peptides or their precursors stripped from the hsps remained to be resolved. We show in this report that an Ld-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope of a mouse leukemia RLmale symbol1 and its precursors are associated with the chaperones hsp90 and hsp70 in the cytosol and gp96 in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Hsp70 was associated with only final sized octamer, while hsp90 was found to associate with the octamer and two distinct precursor peptides. The gp96 was associated with the octamer and one of the two precursors. Thus, each of the hsps bound a distinct set of peptides. Our results have demonstrated for the first time that the hsps associate not only with final sized tumor Ag peptide but also with its precursors. The implication of this evidence is also discussed in terms of the roles of hsps in MHC class I Ag processing/presentation.     

Equivalent Activity Coefficient Phenomenon of Cerium Reacting with Lead or Bismuth in Ag, Cu and Zn Alloy

The relation between contents of cerium and impurity lead or bismuth to their activity coefficient in Ag,Cu and Zn-base alloy was calculated and analyzed by using the ternary system Chou model. The thermodynamic calculation results show that the “equivalent activity coefficient phenomenon” emerges among the activity coefficient of solute in a certain range of cerium (or at a certain point) for the Ce-Pb-X and Ce-Bi-X (X = Ag, Cu or Zn) ternary alloy system. Under this condition, the activity coefficient of solute has nothing to do with its own concentration. The preliminary theoretical analysis to this phenomenon was also made.     

Ag含量对WC-12Co/Ag涂层高温摩擦性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了三种不同Ag含量(10%,15%和20%)的WC-12Co/Ag涂层,将其高温摩擦性能与WC-12Co涂层进行对比。通过微观检测手段分析了Ag在涂层中的分布形态;检测了500℃,不同载荷(50N,100N,150N和200N)条件下,WC-12Co/Ag涂层摩擦因数随摩擦行程增加而变化的情况;并观察了涂层高温摩擦试验后磨痕微观形貌以及Ag元素的分布状态。试验结果表明:Ag元素在涂层中均匀分布,涂层中的Ag主要以单质的形式存在;在500℃条件下,当Ag含量大于15%时,Ag元素在磨损界面处形成一定厚度的连续润滑膜,起到良好的自润滑作用。