Constrained total least squares algorithm for passive location based on bearing-only measurements

The constrained total least squares algorithm for the passive location is presented based on the bearing-only measurements in this paper. By this algorithm the non-linear measurement equations are firstly transformed into linear equations and the effect of the measurement noise on the linear equation coefficients is analyzed, therefore the problem of the passive location can be considered as the problem of constrained total least squares, then the problem is changed into the optimized question without restraint which can be solved by the Newton algorithm, and finally the analysis of the location accuracy is given. The simulation results prove that the new algorithm is effective and practicable.     

改进的鲁棒总体最小二乘无源定位算法

针对机载无源定位易受异常误差影响的问题,提出一种基于角度信息的鲁棒递推总体最小二乘定位（RRTLS）算法。建立机载无源定位模型,得出总体最小二乘（TLS）解,根据机载定位的实时性、低复杂度要求将其转化为加权递推形式;根据广义M估计原理构建鲁棒TLS极值准则,利用其性质将RRTLS定位问题转化为等价权函数的设计问题;验证了利用残差识别异常误差的合理性,在此基础上建立了等价权函数。仿真结果表明,不存在异常误差时,递推总体最小二乘（RTLS）算法和RRTLS算法均能较好收敛;存在异常误差时,递推最小二乘（RLS）和RTLS定位结果受到扭曲,而RRTLS算法能够获得理想的估值,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的单站无源定位算法

为了提高单站无源定位精度,降低定位误差,针对扩展卡尔曼滤波算法存在的不足,提出一种基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的单站无源定位方法。首先通过采集目标的相关信息,构建单站无源定位数学模型,然后利用改进扩展卡尔曼滤波算法目标位置进行估计,最后采用数据进行仿真对比实验。结果表明,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,改进扩展卡尔曼滤波提高了目标定位的精度,削弱异常误差对位置估值的影响。     

Using a spectral scaling structured BFGS method for constrained nonlinear least squares

In this paper, we use a spectral scaled structured BFGS formula for approximating projected Hessian matrices in an exact penalty approach for solving constrained nonlinear least-squares problems. We show this spectral scaling formula has a good self-correcting property. The reported numerical results show that the use of the spectral scaling structured BFGS method outperforms the standard structured BFGS method.     

基于最小二乘和EKF的伪卫星定位算法

空基伪卫星由于自身机动性以及受到诸如气流、压力、温度等外界因素的影响使得其位置存在着偏移。因此,精确确定空基伪卫星的位置是其增强现有导航系统或独立组网进行导航定位的前提。针对扩展Kalman滤波对初值的要求和最小二乘法估计性好的特点,提出了一种混合算法,该算法用逆定位原理建立伪距观测方程组并采用最小二乘法解算出初值,运用扩展Kalman滤波进行定位。仿真表明,混合算法优于最小二乘法,定位精度得到了提高。     

基于信息融合技术的单站无源定位原理分析与研究

探讨了基于辐射源的信号到达时间(TOA)、到达方向(DOA)及多普勒频率信息,利用单站对机动目标进行无源定位与跟踪的新方法。将融合技术应用于单站无源定位,能更好地解决多参数测量集条件下的单站无源定位跟踪问题,滤波性能更好。通过计算机仿真,验证了该方法的正确性与有效性。     

基于SVD和FRFT的音频信息隐藏算法

在分析分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）的基础上,利用FRFT的时频特性、奇异特征值的稳定性及幂函数的缩放特性,提出了一种基于SVD和FRFT的音频信息隐藏算法。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的不可感知性,且对加噪、重采样、重量化、MP3压缩及频域恶意攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于人工免疫算法的最小二乘支持向量机参数优化算法*

针对最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）处理大数据集时确定最优模型参数耗时长、占内存大的问题,提出了一种基于人工免疫算法的参数寻优方法。通过分析LSSVM模型参数对分类准确率的影响发现,存在多种参数组合,使得分类准确率相同;当其中一个参数固定,另外一个参数在某些范围内变化取值时,它们的组合并不影响分类的准确率。将LSSVM模型参数作为抗体的基因设计了抗体的编码方案,利用人工免疫算法对LSSVM参数优化搜索。仿真结果表明,与使用交叉验证和网格搜索方法相比,提出的LSSVM参数优化算法在不降低分类准确率的前提下,寻优效率大大提高。     

具有预负载非线性特性的双率系统递推最小二乘估计算法

针对具有预负载非线性特性的双率系统, 提出一种新的辨识方法. 借助切换函数简化系统模型, 通过损失数据模型估计系统损失的输出数据, 进而利用系统所有输入和输出数据, 提出相应双率系统递推最小二乘算法. 与多项式转换方法相比, 该方法能够直接辨识出系统参数. 仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

基于位置信息的改进AODV路由算法

针对AODV协议路由开销较大的问题,提出一种基于位置信息的改进路由协议(GAODV).GAODV利用中间节点重新计算转发角度,保证转发角度内邻居节点数不小于预设门限值,同时还引入基于位置信息的计数器方案,使距离目的节点近的中间节点优先转发路由请求消息,有利于减少转发冗余路由请求信息和降低寻路失败概率.OPNET仿真实验结果表明,GAODV在数据分组投递率、路由开销、总丢包数、端到端时延和平均路由跳数等方面都优于已有算法.     

改进扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的目标跟踪算法

为了获得更加理想的运动目标跟踪效果,提出了一种基于改进扩展卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪算法。构建时间差和信号到达方向的观测方程,利用几何和代数关系化简得到伪线性模型,通过改进卡尔曼滤波算法对目标运动轨迹进行跟踪,采用仿真实验对算法性能进行测试。结果表明,相对于传统扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,在相同条件下,该算法不仅提高了目标跟踪精度,而且使目标跟踪结果更加稳定。     

基于最小二乘和最小投影距离的车牌倾斜校正

在车牌图像的采集过程中,经常会有车牌倾斜的现象发生,这种倾斜给后续的字符分割和字符识别造成了很多不利影响。为此,文中提出了一种基于最小二乘和最小投影距离的车牌倾斜校正方法。该方法将车牌倾斜分成水平倾斜和垂直倾斜两部分:对于水平倾斜,首先对二值化后的车牌去边框和铆钉,再对车牌利用最小二乘拟合直线求取倾斜角;而对于垂直倾斜,则引入分块查找法来降低查找最小投影距离的执行次数,从而提高算法的执行效率。实验结果表明:该算法简单实用,能够准确地对车牌进行校正。     

基于Fisher信息距离的被动传感器目标协同跟踪方法

针对多被动传感器动态跟踪问题,提出了一种基于Fisher信息距离被动传感器目标协同跟踪方法。该算法在进行传感器选择时,依据信息几何理论,以流形中的Fisher信息距离来衡量先验概率密度函数和后验概率密度函数之间的距离,继而以此距离为依据选择传感器进行目标跟踪。仿真实验表明：所提算法能够在动态环境中自适应选择传感器资源,有效提高目标的跟踪精度,实现多被动传感器协同跟踪。     

基于多尺度的EKF滤波融合定位跟踪算法

针对无线定位中快速移动目标的定位精度差的问题,提出了一种简单有效的定位跟踪算法。该算法将信号的多尺度分析方法与基于TDOA的蜂窝网定位技术相结合,基于某尺度上获得的单一的观测量,建立了一个新的多尺度的观测模型。基于新的多尺度观测模型,利用扩展Kalman滤波对目标进行定位跟踪,获得比在原始尺度上直接进行滤波定位跟踪更好的效果。通过仿真验证了该方法对提高蜂窝网无线定位精度的有效性。     

Real structured singular value conditions for the strong D-stability

Recently, Chen et al. (Systems Control Lett. 24 (1995) 19) proposed conditions for D-stability and strong D-stability in terms of structured singular values. In this paper, simpler conditions for the strong D-stability are derived.     

An optimized RBF neural network algorithm based on partial least squares and genetic algorithm for classification of small sample

Radial basis function (RBF) neural network can use linear learning algorithm to complete the work formerly handled by nonlinear learning algorithm, and maintain the high precision of the nonlinear algorithm. However, the results of RBF would be slightly unsatisfactory when dealing with small sample which has higher feature dimension and fewer numbers. Higher feature dimension will influence the design of neural network, and fewer numbers of samples will cause network training incomplete or over-fitted, both of which restrict the recognition precision of the neural network. RBF neural network has some drawbacks, for example, it is hard to determine the numbers, center and width of the hidden layer’s neurons, which constrain the success of training. To solve the above problems, partial least squares (PLS) and genetic algorithm(GA)are introduced into RBF neural network, and better recognition precision will be obtained, because PLS is good at dealing with the small sample data, it can reduce feature dimension and make low-dimensional data more interpretative. In addition, GA can optimize the network architecture, the weights between hidden layer and output layer of the RBF neural network can ease non-complete network training, the way of hybrid coding and simultaneous evolving is adopted, and then an accurate algorithm is established. By these two consecutive optimizations, the RBF neural network classification algorithm based on PLS and GA (PLS-GA-RBF) is proposed, in order to solve some recognition problems caused by small sample. Four experiments and comparisons with other four algorithms are carried out to verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, and the results indicate a good picture of the PLS-GA-RBF algorithm, the operating efficiency and recognition accuracy are improved substantially. The new small sample classification algorithm is worthy of further promotion.     

Hierarchical Newton and least squares iterative estimation algorithm for dynamic systems by transfer functions based on the impulse responses

This paper develops a parameter estimation algorithm for linear continuous-time systems based on the hierarchical principle and the parameter decomposition strategy. Although the linear continuous-time system is a linear system, its output response is a highly nonlinear function with respect to the system parameters. In order to propose a direct estimation algorithm, a criterion function is constructed between the response output and the observation output by means of the discrete sampled data. Then a scheme by combining the Newton iteration and the least squares iteration is builded to minimise the criterion function and derive the parameter estimation algorithm. In light of the different features between the system parameters and the output function, two sub-algorithms are derived by using the parameter decomposition. In order to remove the associate terms between the two sub-algorithms, a Newton and least squares iterative algorithm is deduced to identify system parameters. Compared with the Newton iterative estimation algorithm without the parameter decomposition, the complexity of the hierarchical Newton and least squares iterative estimation algorithm is reduced because the dimension of the Hessian matrix is lessened after the parameter decomposition. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance.     

基于偏最小二乘分析的双模粒子滤波目标跟踪

针对在复杂背景下,基于主成分分析(PCA)的目标跟踪方法准确率较低的问题,使用偏最小二乘分析,提出一种双模粒子滤波的跟踪算法.首先采用偏最小二乘分析对目标区域建模,作为观测模型;然后利用仿射变换描述目标的形变过程,分别在李群及其切向量空间上建立双模的动态模型;最后结合特征空间更新策略,使用粒子滤波实现目标跟踪.实验表明,所提出的算法能够有效滤除背景噪声,跟踪结果稳定且准确.     

PLS模糊多模型建模方法在航煤干点估计中的应用研究

针对常压塔复杂工况下的航煤干点估计困难的问题,本文提出一种基于PLS模糊多模型软测量建模方法:(FuzzyMulti-model based on PLS,FMM-PLS)。该方法:采用减法c-均值聚类进行数据划分,按隶属度最大原则,合理划分子空间,确定予空间个数为3个,然后利用PLS方法:建立3个子模型,并对各子模型的输出进行隶属度加权预测输出值。同时,也建立PLS、QPLS、RBF-PLS单模型,并与提出的FMM-PLS方法:相比较。PLS、QPLS、RBF-PLS和FMM-PLS的最大误差分别为4.9541、4.6282、4.7517、3.8040;均方根误差分别为1.8599、1.7025、1.7381、1.5327。研究结果:表明,与PLS、QPLS、RBF-PLS相比,在航煤干点的估计中本文提出的FMM-PLS方法:预测精度更高,泛化性能更好。