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焦炭塔鼓胀与开裂变形机理及疲劳断裂寿命预测的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
焦炭塔在运行若干年后出现严重的鼓胀与开裂。探讨焦炭塔的鼓胀和开裂变形机理,合理预测焦炭塔的疲劳寿命,进而改进其设计与工作条件,使其更安全可靠地运行是多年来人们致力研究的目标。本文从目前焦炭塔的各种鼓胀变形机理、开裂的影响因素以及疲劳断裂寿命预测方法等方面,对焦炭塔的研究现状进行总结,并对今后该领域的工作进行了展望。 相似文献
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针对Cr-Mo钢焦炭塔,利用有限元数值模拟方法中的动态热边界条件,模拟了恒速上升的液体介质沿塔内壁爬升过程,开展了Cr-Mo钢焦炭塔瞬态温度场和热应力数值模拟研究,定量分析了进油速度、进水速度以及冷却水温等操作参数对塔壁瞬态温度场和热应力场的影响规律。研究结果表明,进油和进水阶段,随着介质界面的恒速上升,内壁处产生了较大的轴向温度梯度,塔壁上形成了较高的径向温差。液面升速越快,由温度波动产生的热应力越大。相同冷水升速条件下,水温越低,同一轴向高度的径向温差以及内壁处的轴向温度梯度越大,产生的热应力也越大;相同液面升速下,进水阶段的热应力要高于进油阶段的热应力。研究结果可为定量分析Cr-Mo钢焦炭塔安全状况和剩余寿命提供技术支持。 相似文献
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基于民航发动机状态数据的涡轮叶片剩余寿命评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对民航发动机的特点,提出一种基于涡轮叶片外场故障数据及快速存取记录器(Quick access recorder, QAR)历史数据的涡轮叶片剩余寿命评估方法。从发动机QAR数据中提取涡轮叶片使用载荷谱,进而借助寿命损耗模型估算涡轮叶片的累积损伤量,并进一步评估涡轮叶片的剩余寿命。以涡轮叶片的蠕变损伤失效模式为例验证方法的可行性,方法可推广应用于热机械疲劳以及疲劳-蠕变交互作用失效模式下的涡轮叶片剩余寿命估计问题,为有限信息条件下外场发动机涡轮叶片的寿命评估提供了一种可行的工程方法,可为民航发动机在翼寿命评估及送修方案的制定提供决策支持。 相似文献
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热作模具钢的高温热机械疲劳寿命预测 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究热作模具钢在应力控制下的等温疲劳和同相热机械疲劳寿命,发现在相同的应力幅下,同相(最高温度550℃,最低温度250℃)热机械疲劳寿命低于上限温度的等温(温度550℃)疲劳寿命。这表明在相同的应力幅下,热机械疲劳比等温疲劳产生更严重的损伤,用最高温度下的等温疲劳寿命代替热机械疲劳寿命并不一定得到可靠的结果。在等温疲劳条件下,疲劳裂纹主要为穿晶萌生与扩展,而在热机械疲劳条件下,疲劳裂纹主要沿晶萌生与扩展。文中还以Chaboche高温疲劳损伤模型为基础,考虑损伤系数是最高温度和温度范围的函数来评价载荷控制下材料的热机械疲劳寿命。在热机械疲劳试验中,考虑温度变化产生的附加内应力,因此每一循环的损伤不仅是最大应力和平均应力的函数,而且与最高温度和温度循环范围有关。根据累计损伤的等效温度法,取最大温度为等效温度。热作模具钢在热机械疲劳过程中,由热循环产生的附加损伤通过损伤指数系数表示。结果表明,该预测结果与试验结果十分吻合。 相似文献
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以某炼油厂的焦炭塔为实例,结合焦炭塔的低周热疲劳工况,对选材、结构设计、焊接、热处理、无损检测及压力实验等主要工艺过程进行了论述和总结。在制造焦炭塔容器时选用具有抗高温蠕变,抗高温硫腐蚀以及对裂纹敏感性小的材料,在裙座与塔体的连接处采用整体锻焊型结构,可有效降低低周热疲劳引起的裙座与塔体连接焊缝的应力。 相似文献
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CHEN Sunyi 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2007,20(6):13-17
A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion. 相似文献
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螺旋伞齿轮作为重型车辆传动系统的关键零部件,其表面完整性对整车机动性和可靠性起着关键作用。磨削作为齿轮最后一步加工工序,磨削过程产生的残余应力将直接影响齿轮疲劳性能。若残余应力控制不当,将导致齿轮在使用过程中过早发生疲劳失效,产生齿面疲劳点蚀和根部疲劳断裂等问题。针对重型车辆螺旋伞齿轮设计磨削试验,研究不同磨削参数下螺旋伞齿轮残余应力的分布规律;结合磨削前后齿轮残余应力的状态,获得实际磨削过程残余应力;基于力热耦合有限元仿真法计算螺旋伞齿轮磨削残余应力。研究结果表明:齿轮凸面平行磨削方向残余压应力最小,磨削过程使齿面产生拉应力而亚表层产生压应力,力热耦合有限元仿真法能有效用于螺旋伞齿轮磨削残余应力的预测和分析。 相似文献
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Thermal damage caused by frictional heat of rolling-sliding contact is one of the most important failure forms of wheel and rail. Many studies of wheel-rail frictional heating have been devoted to the temperature field, but few literatures focus on wheel-rail thermal stress caused by frictional heating. However, the wheel-rail creepage is one of important influencing factors of the thermal stress In this paper, a thermo-mechanical coupling model of wheel-rail rolling-sliding contact is developed using thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method. The effect of the wheel-rail elastic creepage on the distribution of heat flux is investigated using the numerical model in which the temperature-dependent material properties are taken into consideration. The moving wheel-rail contact force and the frictional heating are used to simulate the wheel rolling on the rail. The effect of the creepage on the temperature rise, thermal strain, residual stress and residual strain under wheel-rail sliding-rolling contact are investigated. The investigation results show that the thermally affected zone exists mainly in a very thin layer of material near the rail contact surface during the rolling-sliding contact. Both the temperature and thermal strain of rail increase with increasing creepage. The residual stresses induced by the frictional heat in the surface layer of rail appear to be tensile. When the creepage is large, the frictional heat has a significant influence on the residual stresses and residual strains of rail. This paper develops a thermo-meehanical coupling model of wheel-rail rolling-sliding contact, and the obtained results can help to understand the mechanism of wheel/rail frictional thermal fatigue. 相似文献
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焦炭塔使用过程中,从室温到高温周期性运行,承受循环载荷,温差应力。常见失效模式主要有:焦炭塔裙座焊缝开裂、堵焦阀焊缝及周围开裂、焦炭塔塔体焊缝内表面开裂;塔体鼓凸、偏斜;塔体材料内部组织出现球化、石墨化现象;下塔盖变形发生泄漏等。 相似文献
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为利用控制方法减小兆瓦级风机运行过程中塔架的振动量,对塔架结构动态特性和塔架激励源动态特性进行了分析研究。以某2 MW机组为例,进行了塔架振动情况评估。基于评估结果,设计了增加气动阻尼的塔架振动控制方法,并进一步设计了直接加阻的主动控制结构,结合振动过大时主动降功率运行手段,实现了塔架振动的控制器干预。在许继WRTS-800和PRDS-600仿真实验平台上进行了仿真验证和等效疲劳载荷计算;在实验风场进行了现场实验,并对实验数据进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,采用该方法,塔架等效疲劳载荷明显减小,主动控制减振效果明显。 相似文献
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