水淹层测井解释技术探讨

本文以水淹层的测井解释为核心,以水淹层的定量评价以及剩余油饱和度的确定为目的,分析了油层水淹后孔隙度、渗透率、地层水矿化度以及岩石润湿性等的变化,并通过岩电实验对不同水淹类型的地层电阻率变化特征及其影响因素进行研究。     

浅谈水淹层测井方法

大庆油田已处于高含水后期,地下的油水分布越来越复杂,水淹导致地层参数改变,如何准确识别水淹层,成为工作的重点。本文主要介绍水淹层的测井技术,为水淹层的识别提供依据。     

浅谈水淹层测井方法

大庆油田已处于高含水后期,地下的油水分布越来越复杂,水淹导致地层参数改变,如何准确识别水淹层,成为工作的重点。本文主要介绍水淹层的测井技术,为水淹层的识别提供依据。     

浅谈水淹层测井方法

大庆油田已处于高含水后期,地下的油水分布越来越复杂,水淹导致地层参数改变,如何准确识别水淹层,成为工作的重点.本文主要介绍水淹层的测井技术,为水淹层的识别提供依据.     

水淹层测井解释方法及应用

本文课题主要以研究对象的地质状况及岩石物性资料、试油试水资料等与测井资料的关系，在对水淹层特征及影响因素进行分析研究的基础上，总结出一套水淹层测井解释的适用方法。本文主要介绍：利用混合地层水电阻率法定量解释水淹层的情况。     

利用自然电位测井资料计算水淹层地层混合液电阻率

地层水电阻率是确定储层含油饱和度的一个关键参数。自然电位曲线可较好指示水淹后矿化度变化情况。通过自然电位进行厚度、吸附校正，根据效正后自然电位幅度计算地层水电阻率，可以直观分析水淹情况，并为饱和度准确计算奠定基础。     

中原油田文95块水淹层特征分析及综合判断

水淹层解释仍是测井解释的一大难题，水淹层解释关系着开发调整井的投产以及最终的采收效果。为提高测井解释精度，针对中原油田文95块水淹层在电性曲线上的特征反映进行分析总结。并对水淹级别进行综合判断。     

水淹层评价在文南油田的应用

油田进入开发中后期，地层水淹情况复杂，给电测解释带来困难，水淹层评价就显得尤为重要。在实际生产中，水淹层评价技术就是利用测井资料、综合岩屑录井、RFT结果、C／O测井等资料对水驱油藏水淹所发生的变化、水淹部位、水淹程度、剩余油饱和度及其分布状况进行综合评价。细分水淹级别，为调整油田开发方案，进行二、三次采油提高采收率提供依据。     

低渗透裂缝性储层水淹层识别方法探讨

随着油田勘探开发的不断深入,低渗透油田已逐步成为油田增储挖潜和调整开发的重点。永乐油田××地区属于低渗透裂缝性油田,油层开发动用差,由于储层物性差,油层水淹后电性特征不明显,水淹层解释难度大。本文从岩电实验分析入手,着重对低渗透油层的水淹特征和水淹层定性识别方法探讨,利用定性、邻井对比分析的手段,建立低渗透油田的水淹层识别解释方法。     

安塞油田水淹层电阻率相对值方法研究

针对目前水淹层解释中的难点问题,本文从测井资料和各种实验分析资料的对应关系入手研究了安塞油田水淹层的各评价参数（含水饱和度、束缚水饱和度、残余油饱和度、油水相对渗透率、产水率）的解释图版。巧妙的避开了求取地层水电阻率这一难以确定的参数,大大提高了评价结果的可信度。     

Natural organic matter and formation of trihalomethanes in two water treatment processes

The investigation involved the study of performance of two local plants' slightly different treatment processes for the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) which comprises trihalomethane (THM) precursors. Ultrafiltration separated the contained NOM into various apparent molecular weight (AMW) fractions to reveal the two processes NOM removal efficiencies, in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance (UV254) and THM formation potential (THMFP). DOC and UV254 levels of source water at both plants tested low and they concentrated in the portion with AMW less than 3,000 Daltons. The combined expression of UV254 with DOC as specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) indicated that the source water of Macau had a value less than 3 L/mg-m. Therefore the main DOC content was fulvic in character, which is difficult to remove and favors the formation of brominated THMs. Low DOC removal percentages recorded in both processes confirm this observation. However, both processes showed similar removal efficiency of around 50% on humic substances and THM precursors quantified by measurements of UV254 and THMFP, respectively.     

Effects of prewash on the pyrolysis kinetics of cut tobacco

ABSTRACT

Smoking is a big public health issue because of the harmful substances generated. To diminish the risk of smoking, cut tobacco was washed with pure water, aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, or citric acid to remove the precursors of harmful substances in this work. The composition and pyrolysis kinetics of washed cut tobacco were determined to interpret the reduction in harmful substances generated during fast pyrolysis process. Sugar and alkaloid in cut tobacco were removed partly during prewash process. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that cut tobacco washed with aqueous solution of citric acid was pyrolyzed at higher temperature, while the one washed with the solution of sodium carbonate was pyrolyzed at lower temperature. The changes in composition and pyrolysis kinetics resulted in significant reduction in benzo[a]pyrene, phenol, and nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone generated during pyrolysis, demonstrating that wash of cut tobacco with suitable chemicals is a promising approach to reduce the harmful substances generated during smoking.     

MDEA法天然气脱硫机理探究及研究展望

当前,我国天然气能源被广泛应用,各大油田积极在开采天然气,而天然气中含有大量的含硫物质,该种酸性物质有害环境,如何利用化学方法,高效有效的脱硫,净化处理天然气,是本文主要的研究点。     

测量旋风分离器浓度场的双束伽马射线方法

依据旋风分离器内浓度场分布的特点,建立了旋风分离器内颗粒浓度分布模型,由此提出了一种测量旋风分离器浓度场的双束伽马射线方法。该模型仅需2束射线测量旋风分离器的线平均浓度值,就可以确定模型中的k和ρ_R参数,进而获得整个旋风分离器横截面的浓度分布。为了验证模型的实用性,首先将以往文献中测量的浓度分布数据带入模型,计算表明该模型可以较好的逼近旋风分离器的浓度场;然后采用¹³⁷Cs射线源测量了直径260 mm旋风分离器的径向线平均浓度,结果表明实验测量计算的浓度分布与以往文献用其他方法测量结果对比具有很好的一致性。该双束伽马射线方法可以用于旋风分离器的浓度场的测量和监测。     

Gamma Irradiation of Silicones

Silicones in various forms have been utilized in biomedical applications over the past several decades. While silicone elastomers are currently the most common silicone biomaterial, low molar mass cyclic silicones, low molar mass linear silicones, silicone oligomers, silicone polymers and silicone gels have each found applications as biomaterials. For the biomedical applications of silicones, it is required that the materials be sterilized prior to application or implantation. Common methods of sterilization include steam sterilization, ethylene oxide sterilization, electron beam sterilization and gamma sterilization. In this review we will describe the behavior of various silicones upon exposure to gamma radiation.

The Influence of the Removal of Specific NOM Compounds by Anion Exchange on Ozone Demand,Disinfection Capacity,and Bromate Formation

This research on a pilot scale focuses on the reaction of ozone with natural organic matter (NOM) for three water qualities with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and NOM compositions, obtained after several stages of an anion exchange process. It was shown that for the same ozone dosage per DOC, the ozone demand was higher, less bromate was formed and a lower disinfection capacity was reached for water containing mainly humic substances, than for water where the humic substances were partly removed. It can be concluded that NOM composition, specifically the humic substances, influences the ozone demand, disinfection capacity and bromate formation.     

木里冻土区天然气水合物形成条件及特征

祁连山木里冻土区是第一个发现天然气水合物的中纬度高山冻土区,与国外发现的冻土区天然气水合物相比,祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物具有埋深浅、冻土层薄、重烃气体组分高等特征。气体碳氢同位素分析显示,区域内气体来源主要以油型气为主,并在局部伴有煤型气。分析了木里冻土区天然气水合物形成的主要影响因素,冻土层特征和气体组分对冻土区天然气水合物形成的影响较大,富含重烃等气体组分更有利于该地区天然气水合物的成藏,而纯甲烷气体在该地区不易形成天然气水合物。天然气水合物储集层段主要以粉砂岩、油页岩、泥岩和细砂岩为主,并且泥岩和油页岩占90%以上,岩石裂缝较发育,以裂隙型天然气水合物为主要赋存类型。初步认为木里冻土区天然气水合物为下部热解气在断层等构造通道作用下运移而形成的一种重烃气体组分热解气-低温冷冻-地层型为主的动态成藏。     

木34边底水油藏天然能量评价研究

木34油藏为典型边底水油藏,由于对天然能量状况认识不足,随着开发进行,油藏递减快、压力下降快,开发形势变差,因此需要对油藏天然能量进行综合评价,为后期开发调整提供依据。为此,本文采用物质平衡法、非稳定流法等方法,首先对油藏边底水能量进行整体评价,然后对水侵量及水侵速度、水油体积比、地层压力等开发指标分别进行计算,并分析其变化情况。结果表明:木34油藏属于第2类天然能量较充足的油藏;水油体积比为18.78,水体较活跃。但随着开发进行,水侵系数、地层压力下降,需要补充地层能量。研究结果可指导后期开发调整工作,并为确定合理的转注时机提供依据。     

天然气扩散系数影响因素的定量模拟研究

在分析天然气扩散机理的基础上,利用自行设计了可控温压的天然气扩散系数测定仪,分别测定了天然气通过人造石英粉砂岩干岩样的天然气扩散系数,并利用斯托克斯-爱因斯坦方程对实测天然气扩散系数进行了温度校正,对实测天热气扩散系数进行饱和介质条件转换,通过对校正后地层条件下的天然气扩散系数进行定量分析,得出了天然气扩散系数与其影响因子的综合定量模型。     

天然气水合物的形成与防治

天然气水合物是天然气与水在一定的压力和温度下形成的结晶笼状固态化合物。水合物可能导致管道、仪表和分离设备的堵塞,对长距离的输送是有害的。概述了天然气水合物的形成条件以及目前水合物的物理和化学防治方法,指出了实验新型脱水工艺,开展动态模拟实验,以及筛选动力学混合型抑制剂是今后水合物防治的发展方向。