蒸汽相水解法制备磁性光催化剂Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用蒸汽相水解法,以Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒为磁核,在其表面包覆一层SiO2来阻止光腐蚀,然后将锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛沉积在Fe3O4/SiO2颗粒表面,从而制得核壳结构的Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性复合光催化材料。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、探针式震动磁强计等手段对所制备的产物的结构、形貌、磁强度性能进行表征。以300W汞灯为光源,用亚甲基蓝和酸性红模拟污水中的有机染料来评价复合光催化剂的性能。结果表明,磁性纳米微球中TiO2的含量越大,其光催化性能越好,含TiO2质量分数50%的F3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性纳米微球可在180min内降解亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水,降解率达99%,在80min内降解酸性模拟染料废水,降解率达98%。     

Fe_2O_3、TiO_2杂质与高压电瓷材料的机械性能

对Fe2O3、TiO2含量不同的电瓷坯料分别进行了烧结实验,并通过机械强度测试分析其性能变化。运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试技术对材料内部晶体结构进行了分析,讨论了Fe2O3、TiO2在不同气氛中的作用机理。结果表明,Fe2O3、TiO2含量提高,瓷坯烧结温度降低,尤其是Fe2O3含量增大时机械强度显著下降。     

Fe~(3+)改性纳米TiO_2薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

以溶胶凝胶法在釉面炻器上负载了经Fe3 改性的TiO2薄膜,用扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射仪和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪对其进行了表征和分析,并以苯酚为模型污染物,对其光催化活性和寿命进行了考察.结果表明,Fe3 -TiO2薄膜在釉面炻器表面分布均匀,厚度约为300nm,颗粒大小在纳米级;Fe3 的引入不仅抑制了TiO2颗粒的长大,同时也抑制了TiO2从锐钛矿向金红石的相变;掺杂Fe3 后,TiO2薄膜对紫外光的吸收明显增强,对可见光的吸收也有所增强并在465nm附近产生了吸收峰,随着掺杂量的增大则两种吸收均略有增强,且对紫外光的吸收发生了明显的红移;Fe3 的最佳掺杂量为0.03%,此时其光催化降解苯酚的反应速率常数是纯TiO2薄膜的1.46倍;重复使用10次后,Fe3 -TiO2薄膜没有发生光腐蚀,且催化活性仅降低了约6.3%.     

TiO2(掺入La2O3)催化超声降解甲基橙

以实验室合成的La2O3掺入TiO2作为催化剂，以超声降解甲基橙反应为模型，研究了各种因素对La2O3掺入TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明，在TiO2(掺入La2O3)催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于单纯以锐钛矿型TiO2催化时的情况。TiO2(掺入La2O3)用量为0．5～1．0g／L、超声波频率为25kHz、输出功率为1．0W／cm^2、pH值为1．0～3．0时，初始浓度为20mg／L的甲基橙水溶液在80min左右基本可降解完全，COD的去除率达到了99．0％。     

Fe_3O_4/Bi_2O_3复合粒子的制备及其可见光催化性能

首先通过共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁粒子,然后采用水热法制备Fe3O4/Bi2O3复合粒子,并利用X-射线衍射、X-光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜等进行表征。结果表明,复合粒子由Fe3O4和Bi2O3组成,形貌呈球形,具有三维多级结构。在可见光照射下,所制备的复合粒子对罗丹明B的降解率达95.2%。降解完成后,在外界磁场的作用下,Fe3O4/Bi2O3很快从体系中分离,可进行重复利用,实现循环催化。实验发现,Fe3O4/Bi2O3经5次循环催化后,对罗丹明B的降解率仍达93%以上。     

TiO_2光催化降解TCAA及其动力学研究

三氯乙酸(TCAA)是饮用水中普遍存在,且难以去除的高致癌风险物.考察了通气种类、TiO2用量、溶液初始pH及共存的Fe2+浓度等因素对TiO2光催化降解TCAA效率的影响,分析了pH对TiO2光催化降解TCAA效率的影响机理,探讨了TiO2光催化降解TCAA反应动力学及Fe2+促进TiO2光催化降解TCAA反应的机理.结果表明,当通入气体为O2、TCAA初始浓度为2.0mg/L、TiO2用量为1.0g/L、溶液初始pH为5.80,共存Fe2+浓度为0.10mmol/L时,反应120min,TiO2光催化降解TCAA效率为96.18%;用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型模拟TiO2光催化降解TCAA反应动力学,UV/TiO2、Fe2+/UV/TiO2反应体系对TCAA的降解速率常数分别为0.0131、0.0237min-1,半衰期分别为52.92和29.25min.     

Fe2O3有机物光催化降解有机染料的研究进展

探讨了Fe2O3/H2O2体系在可见光下降解有机染料的研究进展,采用Fe2O3/H2O2体系,对大红4BS、甲基橙等染料进行了光氧化降解实验,得出Fe2O3/H2O2/太阳光体系和Fe2O3/H2O2/UV体系在不同pH值条件下的光降解效率。     

H3PW12O40-TiO2/膨润土光催化降解甲基橙的催化性能

通过溶胶凝胶制得H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4凝胶,并柱撑于膨润土层间制备了复合光催化剂H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土。由XRD、SEM、EDS对制备的复合光催化剂进行表征测试表明,固载的H3PW12O40TiO2使膨润土层状结构发生明显变化,柱撑体H3PW12O40TiO2呈弥散状态,且TiO2为锐钛结构,催化剂为颗粒粒径大小不一、分布松散的复合材料。对甲基橙的H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土光催化降解应用表明,掺杂的杂多酸使所制备的复合催化剂光催化活性得到了极大提高,在光催化体系下有较广的pH适应范围,且制备的催化剂具有良好的催化稳定性。在表征分析及应用实验的基础上,提出了H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土的强化催化作用原理。     

用溶胶-凝胶法制备的CeO_2-TiO_2复合薄膜组成和光学性能的研究

以Ti[O(CH2)3CH3]4和CeCl3·7H2O作为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的CeO2-TiO2薄膜在紫外区具有良好的吸收性能。在合适的CeO2/TiO2摩尔比例下,以普通钠钙硅玻璃为基体使用提拉工艺制备的CeO2-TiO2薄膜,具有亮黄色。薄膜在420℃热处理,调整膜中CeO2/TiO2摩尔比例,测量在不同比例下的光透射曲线,通过TG-DSC分析薄膜在热处理过程中的物理及化学变化,以同样组成下的干凝胶热处理后进行XRD测试,分析薄膜组成对光学性能的影响。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

Aqueous oxidation of dimethyl phthalate in a Fe(VI)-TiO(2)-UV reaction system

The application of a combined ferrate-photocatalysis process for the aqueous degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) has been studied. The behaviour of the Fe(VI)-TiO(2)-UV process at pH 9 in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen (DO) has been compared and significant differences have been found. In comparative tests under N(2) and O(2) bubbling, the chemical reduction rate of ferrate as conduction band electron acceptor was similar, but the resulting degradation of DMP was substantially lower in the presence of oxygen. It is speculated that the presence of oxygen leads to the formation of Fe-O-(organic) complex species that adsorb to, and deactivate, the surface of the photocatalyst. The presence of surface-adsorbed complex species was indicated by FTIR spectroscopy and a reduced TiO(2) adsorption capacity for DMP. In the presence of typical environmental levels of DO ( approximately 9mgL(-1)), the Fe(VI)-TiO(2)-UV process achieved a modest degree of DMP degradation (40% in 120min).     

Removal of 1,4-dioxane from water using sonication: effect of adding oxidants on the degradation kinetics

This research investigates the effect of adding oxidants such as Fe0, Fe2+ and S2O8(2-) in the sonication of 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D). The results indicate that the degradation pattern of 1,4-D kinetically could be divided into three steps (initiation, acceleration, and stabilization), with the first two steps predominating. The initiation step agreed with zero order rate model, while the acceleration step was the pseudo-first order. In the presence of HCO3- as a radical scavenger, the degradations of 1,4-D and TOC were suppressed, indicating that OH radical is an important factor in the sonolysis, especially at the acceleration step. The overall degradation efficiency of 79.0% in the sonolysis of 1,4-D was achieved within 200 min. While Fe0, Fe2+ and S2O8(2-) were individually combined with sonication, the total degradation efficiency of 1,4-D increased 18.6%, 19.1% and 16.5% after 200 min, respectively. The addition of oxidants not only increased the rate constant in the acceleration step, but also changed the kinetic model from zero to pseudo-first order at the initiation step. The addition of oxidants such as Fe2+, Fe0 and S2O8(2-) in the sonication of 1,4-D also improved the mineralization of 1,4-D. However, the degradation efficiencies of 1,4-D and TOC were not statistically different (p = 0.709, ANOVA) with different oxidants such as Fe2+, Fe0 and S2O8(2-).     

Degradation of estrone in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton system

Photodegradation of estrone (E1) in aqueous solutions by UV-VIS/Fe(III)/H2O2 system (photo-Fenton system) was preliminarily investigated under a 250-W metal halide lamp (lambda > or = 313 nm). The influences such as initial pH value, initial concentration of Fe(III), H2O2 and E1 on degradation efficiency of E1 were discussed in detail. The results indicated that E1 could be decomposed efficiently in UV-VIS/Fe(III)/H2O2 system. After 160-min irradiation, the photodegradation efficiency of 18.5 micromol L(-1) E1 reached 98.4% in the solution containing 20.8 micromol L(-1) Fe(III), and 1664 micromol L(-1) H2O2 at initial pH value 3.0. The degradation efficiencies of E1 were dependent on initial pH value, Fe (III) concentration and H2O2 concentration. The degradation of four estrogens estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstibestrol (DES) in UV-VIS/Fe(III)/H2O2 system were also conducted. Under the conditions of pH 3.0, the E1 apparent kinetics equation -dC(E1)/dt=0.00093[H2O2]0.47[Fe(III)]0.63[E1]0.24 (r=0.9935, n=11) was obtained. The E1 mineralization efficiency was lower than degradation efficiency under the same conditions, which implied the mineralization occurred probably only at aromatic ring. There are several intermediate products produced during the course of E1 degradation. The comparison of the degradation efficiencies of E1, E2, EE2 and DES degradation in UV-VIS/Fe(III)/H2O2 system were also conducted, and the relative degradability among different estrogens were followed the sequence: DES>E2>EE2>E1.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成出了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2。采用TG/DSC,XRD,SEM等测试手段对材料结构形貌进行表征。将材料装配成模拟电池进行电化学性能测试。其中,900℃下煅烧保温10 h得到的材料电学性能最佳,具有较高的容量和循环性能。     

Degradation of Pb--EDTA complex by a H(2)O(2)/UV process

The degradation of PbEDTA in aqueous solution by a H(2)O(2)/UV process was studied. The effect of H(2)O(2) content, pH of the solution and the presence of nitrate were investigated. PbEDTA degradation by a H(2)O(2)/UV process was shown to be accompanied by simultaneous lead precipitation. PbEDTA was decomposed rapidly in acidic solutions while lead precipitation was achieved only when the pH of the solution was higher than 6. The presence of nitrate in significant amounts (0.04 M) inhibited remarkably the degradation of the complex and metal precipitation. The degradation of CdEDTA and ZnEDTA was also studied. It was found that the decomposition of metal-EDTA complex and metal removal by the H(2)O(2)/UV process depend greatly on the nature of the metal. CdEDTA and ZnEDTA were decomposed rapidly but metal precipitation was not achieved. The major by-products of the degradation of metal-EDTA complexes observed were nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), oxalic acid and nitrate.     

Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants using silica-modified TiO(2)

Photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of several aqueous pollutants was investigated using a porous silica-coated titanium dioxide (SiO(2)-TiO(2)) photocatalyst. Several cationic, neutral and anionic pollutants were tested. The results indicate that modifying the surface properties of TiO(2) using silica significantly enhances the PCD rate of the cationic pollutants. The rate enhancement decreased with an increase in substrate concentration, especially for the quaternary amines, and was attributed to the decrease in initial adsorption. However, no significant rate-increase resulted for acetate and phenol. Results suggest that the increased presence of cationic pollutants at the catalyst surface caused the rate enhancement.     

Sol-gel法制备硅铁红陶瓷颜料

笔者采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2包裹Fe2O3的硅铁红陶瓷颜料,采用X射线衍射、颜色测量、光学显微镜观察等分析手段对颜料进行了表征。研究了包裹次数、热处理温度对颜料包裹率以及颜色的影响规律。结果表明:颜料的包裹率和明度值随热处理温度以及包裹次数的提高而增加,颜料的红度值随热处理温度以及包裹次数的提高而降低。     

微波/Fe-Zr联用技术处理正丁酸模拟废水的研究

采用自制的Fe—Zr为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂、正丁酸为模拟污染物,以TOC去除率为指标,对微波／Fe—Zr联用技术进行了研究。分别考察了Fe—Zr用量、H2O2用量、微波炉的功率、微波的作用时间及Fe—Zr重复使用的次数对TOC去除率的影响;并利用一次回归正交试验确定了微波／Fe—Zr联用技术处理正丁酸模拟废水的优化条件,即处理TOC约为490mg／L的150mL正丁酸模拟废水,Fe—Zr的用量为4g、H2O2的用量为7mL、微波炉的功率为640W、微波的作用时间为10min,此时对TOC的去除率高达95％;最后在优化条件的基础上,对6种不同的处理工艺进行了比较,结果表明微彬Fe—Zr联用技术对TOC的去除率最高。     

Kinetics and mechanisms of DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) degradation by UV/H(2)O(2) process

The objective of this study was to elucidate the degradation pathways of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) during its mineralization caused by UV/H(2)O(2) treatment. In order to accomplish this, we measured the concentration time-profiles of DMSO and its degradation intermediates during the UV/H(2)O(2) treatment. In addition, we proposed a kinetic model that could account for the degradation pathways of DMSO during its UV/H(2)O(2) treatment. The results show that the degradation of DMSO by the UV/H(2)O(2) treatment can be classified into two major pathways, and this is supported by both the analysis of the intermediates and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. Firstly, DMSO was degraded into sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) through the formation of methansulfinate (CH(3)SO(2)(-)) and methansulfonate (CH(3)SO(3)(-)) as sulfur-containing intermediates. One of the two carbon constituents of DMSO was highly resistant to mineralization, due to the formation of methansulfonate, which reacted very slowly with (.-)OH k = 0.8 x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1)). Secondly, the other carbon constituent of DMSO was relatively easily mineralized through the formation of formaldehyde (HCHO) and formate (HCO(2)(-)) as non-sulfur-containing intermediates. The kinetic model proposed in this study for the degradation of DMSO by (.-)OH in the UV/H(2)O(2) process was able to successfully predict the patterns of concentration time-profiles of all components during the UV/H(2)O(2) treatment of DMSO.