气体辅助注射成型PC/PE共混物的形态

通过扫描电镜(SEM)对气体辅助注射成型(GA IM)PC/PE共混物制品相形态的观察,发现作为分散相PC的形变规律与在常规注射成型(C IM)制品中的情况有很大差异。在形态分析的基础上,探讨了气体穿透对气体辅助注射成型制品形态的形成和形态分布影响的机理。     

PC／ABS共混物形态的研究

研究了PC/ABS共混物的抗冲击样条的切片形态和取向程度。结果表明:共混物中接技橡胶粒子是包藏在SAN相中的。PC/ABS=25/75时,PC为分散相并呈粒状沿注射方向拉长。PC/ABS=75/25时,ABS为分散相并沿注射方向呈纤维状和层状。PC/ABS=50/50时,PC和ABS都为连续相且沿注射方向呈层状排列。原料对共混物形态和取向有影响,其中以ABS的影响最为显著。     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅱ.拉伸过程中形态演化与增强机理

研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物在拉伸过程中形态的演化和增强机理.结果表明,高界面压应力是共混物在基体加工温度成型时,从成型温度冷却到室温过程中基体收缩比分散相大产生的;两种共混物在拉伸中有不同的形态演化过程:PC粒子原位形成了微纤,粒子与基体间没有明显的界面滑动,而PET粒子只产生较小的塑性变形,成为椭球状粒子,粒子与界面间存在滑动.PC对基体PE的增强效果比PET的更好,因为PC/PE共混物拉伸过程中形成了良好增强作用的原位微纤.在拉伸过程中,PET/PE试样的细颈在靠近非浇口端形成,并从此扩展开.部分拉伸后,PC/PE试样比PET/PE试样的弹性回复大,回复到平衡状态时间长,这是两种共混物分散相变形机理不同引起的.     

增容作用和动态固化对聚丙烯/环氧树脂共混物形态结构的影响

研究了增容作用和动态固化对聚丙烯(PP)/环氧树脂(EP)共混物形态结构的影响。实验结果表明,PP/EP共混物是不相容共混体系,当环氧树脂含量小于50%时,共混物中环氧树脂以分散相存在,PP为连续相。反之,则共混物的相态发生相反转,即环氧树脂为连续相,PP为分散相。加入马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(M AH-g-PP)促进环氧树脂与PP的相容性,使得分散相的颗粒明显变小。与PP/EP和PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物不同,当环氧树脂含量大于50%时,动态固化PP/EP和PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物仍是环氧树脂分散相和PP连续相结构,未出现相反转。对于相同含量环氧树脂的共混物,动态固化PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物中环氧树脂分散相尺寸明显小于动态固化PP/EP共混物中环氧树脂分散相尺寸。     

PP-g-(GMA-co-St)增容PC/PP共混体系的形态与性能

运用分级注入方法制备了不同配比的PC/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)/PP共混物。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察、高压毛细管流变测试等方法考察了增容剂PP-g-(GMA-co-St)对PC/PP共混体系的形态与性能的影响。PP-g-(GMA-co-St)的加入提高了两相界面结合力,降低了分散相粒子尺寸,有效地改善了共混体系的相容性;同时PC/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)/PP体系的拉伸性能得到显著的提高,体系表观黏度提高,对剪切应力的敏感性降低。     

聚甲醛/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体在双螺杆挤出机共混中相形态的形成机理

聚甲醛(POM)和热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)于不同温度下在双螺杆挤出机中共混,用扫描电镜(SEM)考察了共混试样的相形态,并对试样分散相粒径进行了统计,研究了分散相粒径随加工温度的变化。发现摩擦剪切机理可以很好地解释双螺杆挤出机共混中TPU分散相粒径的形成过程,利用该机理可有效控制POM/TPU共混物相形态,得到了比母料法还好的共混效果,进一步提高了POM/TPU体系的冲击性能。     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅰ.制备和拉伸性能

考察了高界面压应力对不相容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物拉伸性能的影响.高界面压应力是共混物低温成型(PE的成型温度)时,分散相与基体从加工温度冷却到室温过程中基体的收缩比分散相粒子大产生的.尽管PET/PE和PC/PE共混物极不相容,但拉伸强度和模量随着PET和PC含量增加而增加.PET与PC含量相同时,PC/PE的拉伸强度和模量高于PET/PE的.采用Takayanangi方程计算共混物的拉伸模量时,具有高界面压应力的PC/PE共混物的拉伸强度高于界面有良好粘结的共混物的理论值,表明在不添加增容剂时,可通过控制加工条件改善共混物界面相互作用,提高共混材料的性能.     

SEBS-g-MAH增容PS/PC体系的结构与力学性能

研究了不同配比的聚苯乙烯/聚碳酸酯(PS/PC)共混体系的结构与力学性能及彼此之间的关系,讨论了增容剂氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)对共混物相容性及力学性能的影响。差示扫描量热分析表明,PS/PC表现出2个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),而PS/PC/SEBS-g-MAH则只有1个Tg。扫描电镜的分析结果表明,PS为连续相,PC为分散相,而且SEBS-g-MAH的加入使PS与PC的界面变得模糊。可见增容剂对共混体系具有明显的增容作用。共混物的冲击强度在PC用量大于30 phr时明显提高,拉伸强度和冲击强度在低PC含量时较纯PS有一定程度的下降,但随PC含量增加又逐渐提高;增容共混物的力学性能比未增容的有较大提高;当PC用量约40 phr时共混物具有最好的综合性能。     

流场下纳米粒子的分布对不相容共混物形态结构的影响EI北大核心CSCD

探讨了剪切流场下二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面性质(亲水或疏水)及复配对聚异丁烯(PIB)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不相容共混物形态演变的影响。结果表明,加入单一表面性质(亲水或疏水)的粒子均能有效抑制分散相的凝聚,亲水粒子的尺寸细化效应与其分布有关,而疏水粒子与其分布无关。对于混杂粒子填充的PIB/PDMS共混体系,不同配比的混杂粒子均能阻碍分散相的凝聚。但是,当其中的疏水粒子分布在界面处且处于基体相中时比分布在分散相且处于界面能更有效地阻碍分散相的凝聚。     

流场下纳米粒子的分布对不相容共混物形态结构的影响

探讨了剪切流场下二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面性质(亲水或疏水)及复配对聚异丁烯(PIB)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不相容共混物形态演变的影响。结果表明,加入单一表面性质(亲水或疏水)的粒子均能有效抑制分散相的凝聚,亲水粒子的尺寸细化效应与其分布有关,而疏水粒子与其分布无关。对于混杂粒子填充的PIB/PDMS共混体系,不同配比的混杂粒子均能阻碍分散相的凝聚。但是,当其中的疏水粒子分布在界面处且处于基体相中时比分布在分散相且处于界面能更有效地阻碍分散相的凝聚。     

用SEM观察PE/PC共混物在拉伸和冲击作用前后的形态

介绍了典型的极不相容共混物（ＥＩＢ）聚乙烯／聚碳酸酯（ＰＥ／ＰＣ）体系的形态受组成的影响,以及共混物在受到拉伸前后,冲击前后的形态。通过扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察发现,组成不仅影响分散相粒子的大小,形状,还决定分散相与连续相的转变,共混物在受到拉应力（拉伸）和剪切应力（冲击）后,前者较多球状粒子变形成为有利于提高拉伸性能的纤维状,后者粒子和基体都发生了能提高抗冲击韧性的塑性变形。     

Morphology-tensile behavior relationship in injection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyethylene and polycarbonate/polyethylene blends (I) Part I Skin-core Structure

The skin-core structure of injection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC)/PE blends was investigated. The results indicate that both shape and size of the PET and PC phases depended not only on the nature properties of PET/PE and PC/PE blends, but also on the injection molding parameters such as injection speed and the positions in the molded bars. The morphology in the section perpendicular to the melt flow direction included four layers, surface, sub-skin, intermediate layers as well as core zone. The surface layer was ignored in the present study. The sub-skin layer contained more or less fibrous structure and its thickness gradually decreased along the molded bar from the gate toward the non-gate end. At the same injection speed, the concentration of the injection-induced fibers in PC/PE blend was much higher than that in PET/PE blend. In the core region, the dispersed phase was mainly composed of spherical particles whose diameter increased along the melt flow pathway. Between these two layers, there was an intermediate layer where the dispersed particles mainly assumed the form of fibers, ellipsoids or spheres. Generally, no matter whether the dispersed particles were elongated or not during injection molding, the PET particles were larger than PC ones.     

PC/PET/PE-g-MAH三元共混物的研究

用ＤＳＣ、ＰＬＭ和ＳＥＭ研究了ＰＥｇＭＡＨ对ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ共混体系的相容性、结晶性、结晶形态及相形态的影响。结果表明,ＰＥｇＭＡＨ可以改善体系的相容性,提高ＰＥＴ的结晶能力和速率,改善ＰＣ、ＰＥＴ间的相互分布,且随含量的增加而程度加深。     

聚碳酸酯/聚乙烯相容性的研究

考察了聚碳酸酯与聚乙烯（ＰＣ／ＰＥ）及聚碳酸酯与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混体系的力学性能,研究了共混体系的相容性,研究表明,ＰＥ的加入有效地提高了ＰＣ的抗冲击性能,而ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ体系的力学性能及混溶性优于ＰＣ／ＰＥ体系。红外光谱表明,接枝ＰＥ与ＰＣ共混时,发生酯交换反应,冲击断口及样条截面的扫描电镜发现,ＰＣ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ的相态分布均匀,两相之间存在一定的相互作     

Morphology-tensile behavior relationship in injection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyethylene and polycarbonate/polyethylene blends (II) Part II Tensile behavior

The tensile behavior of injection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC)/PE blends was investigated. For the same blend, due to the difference in the elongated dispersed particle concentration, the specimens molded at higher injection speed had slightly higher tensile strength and modulus than those molded at lower speed. Moreover, the reinforcement effect of PC to PE matrix was more noticeable than PET to PE. For the stress-strain behavior, while the PET/PE blend behaved like a common injection-molded immiscible blend the PC/PE blend unusually underwent twice yielding regardless of the cross head speed. For the PET/PE blend, obvious debonding between the dispersed PET particles and the matrix PE occurred upon elongation, resulting in large grooves and voids behind the particles. The PET particles experienced slight plastic deformation from spheres to ellipsoids. The stress whitening first appeared in the necking zone then extended along cold drawing zone. For the PC/PE blend, the PC particles in the core layer experienced considerable plastic deformation throughout the tensile test. Consequently, most of PC particles in the fractured specimen were deformed into fibers. Owing to comparatively high amount of injection-induced fibers that distributed or transferred the external stress, the specimen of PC/PE blend first deformed evenly in the entire tested zone, characterized by stress whitening in the entire specimen. Then after the first yielding, the stress decreased slowly while the elongation continued. When the elongation reached a certain point, the fibers in the sub-skin layer could no longer endure the external stress, and accordingly the second yield took place. Additionally, the fibrillation of the spherical PC particles in the core layer appeared right after the second yielding point.     

PET/PE原位微纤化共混物的形态与性能

用“熔融挤出—热拉伸—淬冷”方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)／聚乙烯(PE)原位微纤化共混物(MCB)，研究了热拉伸比恒定时组成对MCB形态和力学性能的影响，形态观察发现，MCB形成了良好的纤维结构，热拉伸比恒定时，纤维的形态特征(如直径及其分布等)主要受PET含量影响，MCB拉伸模量和强度较通常共混物有显著提高，但太低和太高PET含量，增强效果有所减弱，随着PET含量的提高，MCB经历了从韧性拉伸断裂到脆性拉伸断裂的转变。     

HIPS-g-MA共聚物对HIPS/PC共混物相容性、形态和拉伸性能的影响

研究了HIPS／PC共混物的相容性及HIPS－MA对HIPS（30）／PC（70）共混物的相容性、形态和拉伸性能的影响。DSC研究结果表明，HIPS／PC共混物中PS的玻璃化转变温度（Tg)不随组成而变化，而PC的Tg随其质量分数的降低逐渐向低温移动，说明HIPS／PC是部分相容体系。通过DSC、扫描电镜形态观察和拉伸性能测试结果发现，当HIPS－g-MA的含量低于7．5％时，共混物的相容性改善不明显，当其含量达到7．5％时，对共混物有明显的乳化作用，说明饱和的界面浓度在7．5％左右。HIPS－g-MA接枝共聚物在HIPS（30）／PC（70）共混物中的增容作用可能是酯交换反应原位生成的嵌段共聚物所致。