熔体处理方法对纯铝铸锭超声波除气的影响

研究了不同的熔体处理方法对纯铝铸锭超声波除气的影响,分析了影响超声波除气效果的原因.结果表明,采用合适的超声波处理,可显著地降低铸锭内的含气量.     

电流处理细化纯铝凝固组织的研究

介绍了一种改善金属凝固组织的外场处理新方法一电流处理方法。研究了液态下施加直流电流和脉冲电流对工业纯铝凝固组织的影响。结果表明，该方法可以细化纯铝的凝固组织，使粗大的柱状晶变为细小的等轴晶；处理参数不同，对铝锭的宏观组织细化程度不同。     

除气剂和超声波对Al-1.65%Si铸锭除气的影响

研究了除气剂和超声波对Al-1．65％Si铸锭除气的影响，如：没有添加除气剂和超声波处理、只添加除气剂不进行超声波处理、即添加除气剂又进行超声波处理的情况。分析了超声波除气效果的原因。研究结果表明，采用超声波振动处理的方法，可显著地降低铸锭内的含气量。     

纯镍铸锭锻造开裂探讨和工艺优化

本简要介绍纯镍铸锭锻造过程的开裂现象，对可能的原因进行了探讨研究，得出了重熔过程结晶组织差、气体含量高是影响的主要因素，取消重熔操作有利于提高塑性加工性能，，并提出了工艺优化方案。     

镧对工业纯铝显微组织的影响

研究了稀土镧对工业纯铝组织的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜,以及能谱仪等组织观察和分析测试手段,对加稀土后的工业纯铝组织和成分进行了分析,最终得出了稀土与工业纯铝中的Fe、Si等杂质元素发生反应,生成它们的复杂稀土化合物,从而净化了铝基体。     

稀土导电铝合金的铸态组织和相组成

本文利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪等，研究了Ｌａ、Ｃｅ对工业纯铝铸态组织和相组成的影响。结果表明，Ｌａ、Ｃｅ能细化工业纯铝的铸态组织，并和Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ等元素结合生成了二元或三元稀土化合物相。     

不同条件下脉冲电流对纯铝凝固组织的细化

在金属凝固的过程中施加脉冲电流是一种有效的细化凝固组织的方法。围绕脉冲电流细化晶粒的机制提出了多种理论。利用纯铝作为研究材料,在脉冲电流参数、浇注温度等工艺参数不变的情况下,设计了两组铸型条件不同的试验,发现不同条件下得到的铸锭凝固组织的特征有所不同。结合结晶雨机制讨论了这些特征的形成原因,指出了熔体的流动情况对脉冲电流细化效果有重大的影响。     

浅谈提高1060纯铝圆铸锭质量的措施

1060纯铝圆铸锭是高压电缆护套的主要原材料,如1060纯铝圆铸锭质量不高,要提高高压电缆护套的质量将空谈,本文从精炼工艺等方面叙述了提高1060纯铝圆铸锭质量的措施和方法。     

铝合金大铸锭超声半连铸多场耦合的数值模拟与实验研究

建立了超声场下直径630 mm的铝合金大铸锭热顶半连铸过程中多场耦合的数学模型,采用有限体积法及自定义函数获得超声作用下结晶器内声场、流场和温度场的分布,并进行工业化实验研究.综合工业实验和仿真结果分析超声对热顶半连铸铝合金大铸锭细晶的机理.模拟结果表明,超声波对宏观物理场的影响非常明显,施加超声后,辐射杆端面下方形成向上的回流区,强烈的紊流促进铝熔体的传质传热,减小液穴深度,使液穴更加平缓,同时初始凝壳点下移,过渡带变窄,铸锭中心处过渡带宽度从342 mm减小到120 mm左右.分析实验结果发现,经超声处理,铸锭组织普遍变得细小、均匀,平均晶粒尺寸减小103μm,最大最小晶粒尺寸差从135μm减小到64μm,且凝固组织晶界变细.      

3150KWB BMO-01型大功率电子束冷床炉熔炼TC4钛合金

通过从乌克兰引进的3150KWB BMO-01型电子束熔炼炉,使用工业纯海绵钛、Al-V中间合金和均匀铝豆经混料后压制成料块进行TC4钛合金熔炼试验,对铸锭进行检测分析、显微组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明,通过合理的铝元素成分配比,熔炼出的TC4钛合金铸锭各元素含量符合国标要求。     

大直径铝锭热顶铸造中超声施振深度的细晶机制

在直径为650 mm的铝合金热顶半连续铸造过程中施加双源超声振动系统, 研究3种超声辐射杆浸入深度对铸锭宏观凝固组织的影响.基于铝合金铸锭凝固组织形貌的检测结果以及ANSYS等有限元软件对铸造过程中声场的仿真结果, 深入探讨了超声辐射杆在不同的施振深度下对铝合金铸锭凝固组织细化机制的影响.结果表明: 随着超声辐射杆施振深度的增加, 铸锭截面组织整体进一步细化, 晶粒形状由发达的枝晶变为等轴枝晶; 由于超声辐射杆端面以及柱面存在几个固定位置处振动波峰, 在铝熔体中不同的超声施振深度下存在不同的超声空化范围, 进而导致凝固组织的细化机制也不同.      

超声外场对7050铝合金铸锭凝固微观组织的影响

基于元胞自动机法耦合有限差分法原理,对经超声外场处理的7050铝合金熔体凝固组织进行微观模拟,研究施振功率和冷却方式对7050铝合金微观组织的影响,在实验验证的基础上,对超声细化晶粒的机制进行说明。模拟和实验结果表明:熔体经超声处理,凝固组织明显细化,组织形貌由枝状晶变为细小等轴晶,超声的空化效应和声流效应使得形核率增加是晶粒细化的主要原因;在实验功率范围内,超声功率为240 W时晶粒细化效果最佳,此时晶粒的平均尺寸为72μm;超声细晶过程需要1个最短必要时间tmin,冷却强度低时,超声有效作用时间延长,晶粒的均匀化和细化程度增加。超声功率为200 W时,改变冷却方式,随炉冷却方式所得晶粒最小,平均尺寸为82μm。     

Influence of rare earth metals on the nucleation and solidification behavior of iron and 1045 steel

Two series of experiments have been conducted to determine the influence of rare earth additions on the nucleation and crystallization behavior of pure iron and 1045 steel. In the first series, additions of rare earth suicide or cerium dioxide powder to two-Kg 1045 steel ingots indicated that rare earth suicide can refine the as-cast structure of such ingots. However, if the holding time after rare earth silicide addition is over two minutes, the grain refinement decreases. With cerium dioxide additions, a relatively large columnar zone was obtained. In the second series, the effects of cerium metal or cerium dioxide powder additions on the degree of undercooling obtainable in pure iron and 1045 steel were examined by the lévitation melting method. Surface tension measurements of the levitated droplets were carried out at the same time to investigate the possible effects of surface tension variations on the nucleation and crystallization behavior of the metals. The experimental data show that rare earth inclusions can greatly reduce the degree of undercooling of iron and steel, and that a small amount of dissolved cerium can further reduce the degree of undercooling of levitated droplets. The structure and reaction products obtained with Fe-Ce levitated droplets were examined with both optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results clearly indicated that cerium solute redistribution during solidification is the dominant factor in refining the as-cast structure. A nucleation and solidification model for the Fe-Ce levitated droplets has been developed, which can successfully explain the experimental results. on research leave from Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology     

Influence of rare earth metals on the nucleation and solidification behavior of iron and 1045 steel

Two series of experiments have been conducted to determine the influence of rare earth additions on the nucleation and crystallization behavior of pure iron and 1045 steel. In the first series, additions of rare earth suicide or cerium dioxide powder to two-Kg 1045 steel ingots indicated that rare earth suicide can refine the as-cast structure of such ingots. However, if the holding time after rare earth silicide addition is over two minutes, the grain refinement decreases. With cerium dioxide additions, a relatively large columnar zone was obtained. In the second series, the effects of cerium metal or cerium dioxide powder additions on the degree of undercooling obtainable in pure iron and 1045 steel were examined by the lévitation melting method. Surface tension measurements of the levitated droplets were carried out at the same time to investigate the possible effects of surface tension variations on the nucleation and crystallization behavior of the metals. The experimental data show that rare earth inclusions can greatly reduce the degree of undercooling of iron and steel, and that a small amount of dissolved cerium can further reduce the degree of undercooling of levitated droplets. The structure and reaction products obtained with Fe-Ce levitated droplets were examined with both optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results clearly indicated that cerium solute redistribution during solidification is the dominant factor in refining the as-cast structure. A nucleation and solidification model for the Fe-Ce levitated droplets has been developed, which can successfully explain the experimental results. on research leave from Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology     

超声外场对不同温控状态下ZL205A铝合金凝固规律的影响

采用不同的超声外场处理熔体工艺, 研究了其对铸锭质量的作用机理与改善效果. 针对保温(750℃)和空冷(从750℃空冷7 min 10 s至约650℃)两种不同温控状态下的ZL205A铝合金熔体, 分别进行相同参数的超声场处理, 研究超声场对凝固组织的影响规律, 并利用力学拉伸实验进行验证. 研究结果表明: 在保温状态下对熔体施加超声处理, 具有较好的除气与改善第二相组织分布的效果; 在空冷状态下施加超声处理则可以消除集中缩孔, 显著细化晶粒; 当在保温和空冷条件下全程采用超声处理, 铸锭内部质量的改善效果最佳. 力学性能的测试结果与铸锭凝固组织的变化规律具有一致性, 验证了上述结论. 综上, 对不同温控状态下的熔体施加超声处理, 对熔体凝固过程的影响不同, 对铸锭内部质量的改善效果也各有侧重.      

Influence of the Magnetic Field on the Crystallization of Aluminum Melts

In order to control the crystallization of metals consciously with the purpose of forming the specified ingot microstructure, various physical fields are used. They vary the internal state of the melt and, consequently, the crystallization kinetics when affecting the melt. In this article, the thermodynamic and kinetics of the crystallization of aluminum under melt processing with the magnetic field is described. A rather simple experimental setup which makes it possible to investigate the magnetic-field effect on the melts of aluminum or other metals and alloys is designed. It consists of several main units: (1) the electrical furnace, (2) the water-cooled copper crystallizer combined with an electromagnetic coil, (3) mechanical facility for the rapid motion of a crucible with the aluminum melt, (4) the monitoring and control system of the melt temperature, and (5) the electronic part for recording and processing information. It is established experimentally that the magnetic field varies the temperature of the melt–crystal phase equilibrium, latent heat of the phase transition, and supercooling temperature of the melt during crystallization. It is shown that the variation in these parameters leads to a decrease in the radius of critical nuclei and an increase in their nucleation rate. The temperature–temporal dependences of crystallization are found. It is established experimentally that the crystallization time shortens under the aluminum melt treatment with the magnetic field. The analysis of aluminum samples formed under the magnetic-field effect showed that their structure is finer grained when compared with the samples not subjected to such treatment.     

电子束（EB）冷床炉垂直进料系统电子枪扫描花样及延迟时间的确定

冷床炉熔炼是目前较先进的钛及钛合金熔炼技术,是生产钛及钛合金等难熔金属优质铸锭的重要手段。本文研究了3种不同原料配比的纯钛铸锭在电子束冷床炉熔炼区的2支电子枪的扫描花样和延迟时间。结果表明,本实验制定的熔炼区1#、2#电子枪的扫描花样及延迟时间,经8炉纯钛铸锭熔炼验证,完全能够满足实际生产需要,熔炼速度可达800kg／h,挥发在3．0％以下,铸锭化学成分均匀。