The Significance of Theoretical Results in the Dyeing of Acrilan 16 with Basic Dyes from an Anhydrous Perchloroethylene Dyebath

Theoretical principles used in an investigation of the mechanism of carrier dyeing and the plasticization of acrylic fibres have been applied successfully to the dyeing of Acrilan 16 with basic dyes from an anhydrous solvent dyebath. Part I deals with the selection of plasticizing agents and Part II describes the dyeing procedure and properties of the resulting basic dyeings.     

The Dyeing of Wool with Reactive Dyes in the Presence of Trichloroacetic Acid

Although the development of reactive dyes has been accompanied by the introduction of auxiliary products to give satisfactory dyeing quality, there are still areas where problems are encountered. A novel system, based on the use of trichloroacetic acid, is proposed, which gives improved levelness, especially when dyeing wool with mixtures of reactive dyes. Dyeing is carried out under acidic conditions where there is a slower rate of dye–fibre reaction and consequently, significant dye migration;as soon as the temperature of the bath reaches the boil, the trichloroacetic acid decomposes, the pH rises to approximately neutral and the dye is fixed.     

Physical Chemistry of the Dyeing of Acrylic Fibres with Basic Dyes

The most important aspects of the physical chemistry of the dyeing of acrylic fibres with basic dyes are reviewed.     

Kinetics of Dyeing Acrylic Fibres with Cationic Dyes in the Presence of Polyethoxylated Amines

The role of ethoxylated amines in retarding the rate of absorption of C.I. Basic Green 4 on acrylic fibres has been studied. The influence of degree of ethoxylation, amine concentration and application temperature have been studied. It has been found that these compounds act, in general, as retarders, the retarding effect increasing as the degree of ethoxylation decreases. The dyeing kinetics in the presence of these compounds obey the Williams, Landel and Ferry equation.     

The Role of Benzyl Alcohol in the Solvent–assisted Dyeing of Acrylic Fibres

The mechanism of the solvent–assisted dyeing of acrylic fibres using benzyl alcohol has been investigated. The carrier action of benzyl alcohol plays a major role in increasing the rate of dyeing.     

Transition Temperatures of Acrilan in Relation to Dyeing Properties

The transition temperatures of Acrilan film have been determined by observing the viscoelastic behaviour in air and solutions. Two transition temperatures are observed in water, the higher being at 84°C. This is of importance in the dyeing of Acrilan fibres, and correlates more closely with dyeing properties than does the Tg observed at 56°C. Relationships between the transition temperatures and dyeing behaviour in the presence and absence of a dyeing assistant are discussed.     

Equilibrium Studies on the Dyeing of Polyester Fibre with Disperse Dyes in the Presence of Carriers

The effect of four pure carrier compounds on the equilibrium adsorption isotherm of a disperse dye on polyester fibre has been studied, and an attempt has been mads to relate the nature and magnitude of this effect to the aqueous solubility of the carrier, the partition of carrier between fibre and water, and the solubilising effect of the carrier on the dye.     

Dyeing with Hydrotalcite Hybrid Nanoclays and Disperse,Basic and Direct Dyes

Textile effluents are among the most polluting industrial effluents in the world. Textile finishing processes, especially dyeing, discharge large quantities of waste that is difficult to treat, such as dyes. By recovering this material from the water, in addition to cleaning and the possibility of reusing the water, there is the opportunity to reuse this waste as a raw material for dyeing different textile substrates. One of the lines of reuse is the use of hybrid nanoclays obtained from the adsorption of dyes, which allow dye baths to be made for textile substrates. This study analyses how, through the use of the nanoadsorbent hydrotalcite, dyes classified by their charge as anionic, cationic and non-ionic can be adsorbed and recovered for successful reuse in new dye baths. The obtained hybrids were characterised by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the colour was analysed by spectrophotometer in the UV-VIS range. The dyes made on cotton, polyester and acrylic fabrics are subjected to different colour degradation tests to assess their viability as final products, using reflection spectroscopy to measure the colour attribute before and after the tests, showing results consistent with those of a conventional dye.     

The Dyeing of Unmodified Polypropylene with Disperse Dyes

The behaviour on unmodified polypropylene fibre and film of two commercial disperse dyes and Dimethyl Yellow has been examined. The results indicate that disperse dyes capable of dyeing polypropylene fibre have high diffusion coefficients and low saturation values. Linear adsorption isotherms were obtained with Dimethyl Yellow. The behaviour of polypropylene fibre towards disperse dyes in general is discussed.     

分散染料在染色中的应用研究

阐述了分散染料及助剂在实验室染色工艺研究,并就染色后的污点、色点形成原因及处理作了分析,某企业运用该工艺后取得了较好的效果,在生产中有推广价值。     

碱性染料在蔺草染色中上染率和摩擦牢度的研究

选用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色,探讨染液pH值、染色保温温度、染料用量、电解质的用量及染色保温时间对蔺草上染率和摩擦牢度的影响,结果表明,用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色时,最佳上染率和摩擦牢度的工艺条件是:染液pH值7～10,染色保温温度80℃,染色温度在70℃以下时升温速率控制在3℃/min,染色温度在70～80℃时升温速率控制在1℃/2 min,染料用量为0.5%～1%(owf),元明粉用量10 g/L,染色保温时间20 min。     

The Effect of Benzyl Alcohol on the Physical and Dyeing Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Filaments

The effects of aqueous solutions of benzyl alcohol on the physical and dyeing properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate) filaments have been examined. The effects observed are dependent upon the mechanical history of the filaments. Their dyeing properties are more sensitive to changes in the molecular order of the filaments than are density and birefringence. There is not necessarily a simple relationship between the dyeing transition temperature and the glass transition temperature.     

大豆蛋白纤维染色中的染料选择

大豆蛋白纤维的分子结构中有多种极性基团,这些基团各有吸色性,使其显示出介于纤维素纤维与化学纤维之间的染色性能。本文着重其结构对染色性能的影响,探讨现阶段那些染料适合对其染色,分析了大豆纤维染色用染料的适用性(如直接染料、活性染料、中性络合染料、酸性染料)。     

The Dyeing of Synthetic-polymer Fibres with Aerosols of Disperse Dyes

A method is described for the determination of the rates of diffusion of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone in polyester, nylon and cellulose triacetate fibres under anhydrous conditions below 150°C. As the results of the measurements of diffusion were favourable, the dyeing of synthetic-polymer fibres, particularly polyester fibres, by application of solid disperse dye in the form of an aerosol was studied. Batch dyeing of loose polyester fibres, utilising a fluidised-bed principle, was investigated, as was continuous dyeing by filtration of an aerosol through a moving layer of fibres. The latter method appears to be suitable for bulk dyeing.     

Pad-Batch Dyeing of Wool with Reactive Dyes

A process for the production of fast, bright dyeings on wool cloth is described. Reactive dyes applied by a pad-batch (cold) method yield level dyeings with very high colour yields. Virtually 100% fixation has been obtained with Procion M (ICI) dyes applied to wool from mildly acidic solutions, after batching for up to 24 h at room temperature. Yellowing of wool does not occur under these conditions, which facilitate the production of dyeings of a brightness and fastness that cannot be achieved under conventional dyeing conditions for wool.