硅丙微乳液的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和有机硅(KH-560)为共聚单体,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备硅丙微乳液。通过单因素试验法优选出制备硅丙微乳液的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当聚合反应温度为80℃、反应时间为3 h、m(BA)∶m(MMA)=4∶3、w(KH-560)=8%、复合乳化剂中m(OP-10)∶m(SDS)=1∶2且w(复合乳化剂)=3%时,单体转化率超过70%,硅丙微乳液具有良好的稳定性和耐介质性能。     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的制备及表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）等为主要单体,丙烯酸全氟烷基酯（Zonyl TM）为含氟单体,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为交联单体,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。研究了Zonyl TM、HEMA、引发齐（APS）用量、复合乳化剂（SDS/OP—10）、聚合温度、聚合时间和搅拌速度等因素对聚合反应最终转化率、耐水性和乳液稳定性的影响。制备的乳液单体总转化率高,乳液凝聚率低,聚合反应稳定,涂膜的综合性能优良。此外,含氟乳胶膜对水的接触角及TG分析结果表明,Zonyl TM有效参与了共聚反应,提高了涂膜的耐水性及耐热性。     

核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFMA)等为主要原料,采用多步乳液聚合法,合成了具有核壳结构的含氟丙烯酸酯乳液。实验结果表明,主要单体质量比m(MMA)∶m(BA)=45∶55,核壳单体质量比为6∶4,含氟单体质量分数为7%,乳化剂质量分数为3%~4%时,制备得到的含氟丙烯酸乳胶粒子具有软核/硬壳结构,粒径为120 nm,乳胶膜吸水率为7%。通过傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)对乳液结构进行表征,结果表明,含氟单体参与了有效聚合;差示量热扫描(DSC)和热重分析法(TG)分析结果表明,聚合物存在两个玻璃化温度(-10.2℃和58.4℃),且热分解温度比不含氟的聚合物提高了59℃;接触角测试结果表明,当w(HFMA)≥7%时,乳胶膜正面与水的接触角为98.2,°说明所合成的核壳结构含氟丙烯酸酯乳液中有机氟富集于壳层,涂膜的耐热、疏水性良好。     

乒乓球拍用水性胶粘剂的制备与应用研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、醋酸乙烯(VAc)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为共聚单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)为复合交联剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了乒乓球拍用醋丙乳液胶粘剂。通过单因素试验法优选出制备醋丙乳液胶粘剂的较佳工艺条件。结果表明:当m(OP-10)∶m(SDS)=3∶1且w(复合乳化剂)=3%、m(DVB)∶m(EGDMA)=1∶2、m(MMA)∶m(VAc)=20∶10、m(BA)∶m(VAc)=50∶20和w(KPS)=0.5%时,醋丙乳液胶粘剂的综合性能相对较好,并且完全满足乒乓球拍的使用要求。     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯微乳液制备工艺研究

以苯乙烯、丙烯酸乙酯为主要单体,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和辛基苯酚聚-氧乙烯醚(OP-10)组成混合乳化体系,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,采用半连续微乳液聚合的方式制备丙烯酸酯微乳液。考察了单体配比、聚合温度、乳化体系配比、引发剂等因素对乳液性能的影响。当单体配比为m(EA)∶m(MMA)=1∶1、聚合温度为75～76℃、乳化剂用量共计25 g且SDS/OP-10=3∶2、引发剂用量为1.0g,且采取聚合中期补加KPS溶液的方式补加、丙烯酸用量为3%,体系的p H值在7～8时制得的微乳液的产品性能最好。     

含氟丙烯酸酯四元共聚核壳乳液的合成与表征

采用半连续种子乳液聚合的方式,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和OP-10为复合乳化剂,甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(Acty-flon-Go4)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为原料制备了壳层含氟的核壳型丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。研究了引发体系和聚合温度对聚合反应转化率的影响;通过透射电镜(TEM)、FTIR、示差扫描量热(DSC)对共聚物乳胶粒径、形态及结构进行了研究。     

药物包衣用EA-MMA共聚物的聚合稳定性研究

以EA(丙烯酸乙酯)和MMA(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)为共聚单体、SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)/OP-10(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)为阴/非离子型复合乳化剂,采用乳液聚合法制备出一种缓释型药物包衣用EA-MMA二元共聚物,并对其聚合稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:当m(SDS)∶m(OP-10)=1∶2.0、w(总乳化剂)=2.0%(相对于体系总质量而言)、w(引发剂)=0.60%(相对于单体总质量而言)、反应温度为80℃和反应时间为4 h时,制成的EA-MMA二元共聚物乳液稳定性较好、外观较佳、单体转化率(93.22%)和乳液固含量(29.85%)相对较高。     

丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯低温快速共聚反应体系的研究

比较了常规乳液聚合和无皂乳液聚合对丙烯酸(AA)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物性能的影响,探讨了各种氧化还原引发体系、氧化剂用量、单体配比、搅拌速率以及还原剂的滴加速率对单体转化率的影响。研究结果表明,采用无皂乳液聚合法,以过硫酸钾(KPS)/亚硫酸氢钠(SHS)为氧化还原引发体系,当引发反应温度为50℃、m(KPS)∶m(SHS)=1∶2、氧化剂KPS用量为0.15～0.25g、m(MMA)∶m(AA)=10∶1、搅拌速率为450r/min和还原剂SHS溶液滴加时间为30min时,AA/MMA无皂自乳化聚合反应能够快速顺利进行,并且能获得单体转化率较高、性能较好的稳定乳液。     

中空聚合物乳液的制备及其性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯腈(AN)和苯乙烯(St)为共聚单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和非离子型乳化剂(OP-10)为阴/非离子型复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法和碱溶胀后处理法制备了P(MMA/AA/BA)为核、P(St/AA/AN)为壳的纸张施胶用中空聚合物乳液。研究结果表明:当w(引发剂)=0.80%、m(SDS)∶m(OP-10)=2∶1和w(乳化剂)=1.5%时,中空乳液的综合性能较好,其单体转化率较高、乳液黏度适中、粒径较小且分布较窄。     

自交联型涂料印花黏合剂的制备与性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体、丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)为交联单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-40)为复合乳化剂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法合成了自交联型丙烯酸酯涂料印花黏合剂。研究结果表明:当m(MMA)∶m(BA)=0.38∶1、w(NMA)=3%、w(AA)=2.5%～3.0%、w(复合乳化剂)=3.0%且m(SDS)∶m(NP-40)=1∶(1.5~2.0)、w(APS)=0.8%、75~80℃聚合3 h和85℃保温1 h时,相应乳液的综合性能相对最好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。