β-PP在国内典型气候条件下的自然老化行为研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了β晶犁聚丙烯(β-PP),将纯聚丙烯(PP)和β-PP在国内四个典型气候带进行自然老化试验,通过立体显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和广角X射线衍射仪研究了自然老化对材料表面形貌、微观结构和晶型的影响.结果表明:纯PP和β-PP在海南三亚市最易老化,新疆若羌县次之,西藏拉萨市和内蒙古海拉尔市作用效果相似...     

聚丙烯复合材料光老化研究进展

综述了国内外近年来聚丙烯复合材料光老化研究方面的进展,并着重讨论了硅酸盐类无机填料以及多种纳米填料,天然纤维,高聚物共混组分,稳定助剂以及染色剂等对聚丙烯光老化的影响及其机理。     

氮氧基键合型聚丙烯的光氧老化研究

考察了受阻胺类,受阻酚类以及键合氮氧改性型等助剂对聚丙烯熔体状态的影响,较全面地分析了聚丙烯的耐候性行为及含氮氧基团助剂对增进聚丙烯耐候性行为方面的作用。从研究结果可以看出键合型聚丙烯不仅可行,而且耐候性和耐溶剂抽提性能非常优越。     

聚丙烯轿车专用料的光老化和光稳定

介绍了用于轿车保险杠的ＰＰ／ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物的氙灯人工加速老化及户外暴露实验结果，分析了不同抗老化体系对ＰＰ／ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物光老化后拉伸性能、冲击性能及外观变化的影响。     

聚丙烯光老化性能变化研究综述

为了更好的对聚丙烯材料进行广泛应用,延长内饰用聚丙烯类材料的使用寿命,就聚丙烯材料光老化机理及其光老化前后性能变化相关内容进行了研究,并对相关问题提出了可行性建议     

不同聚丙烯在典型自然条件下的老化行为研究

选择性选取几个典型气候地区对共聚聚丙烯(PP1)与均聚聚丙烯(PP2)进行自然曝晒实验,利用光学测试仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对老化前后两种PP的光学性能和表面形貌进行分析,研究其在不同自然条件下的老化性能。结果表明,PP1和PP2在不同自然条件的老化程度由大到小顺序为:湿热地区(三亚、琼海和广州)>干热地区(吐鲁番和若羌)>温带地区(北京和青岛)>高原地区(拉萨和海拉尔);其中PP2的耐候性比PP1差,更容易发生老化。     

β晶型聚丙烯的研究进展

对近年来在β晶型聚丙烯(PP)形态结构,影响β晶型含量的因素,β晶型成核剂,β晶型转变及β晶型PP性能等方面的研究工作进行了综述。添加成核剂可得到高含量的β晶型。与α晶型相比,β晶型PP的球晶尺寸大幅度减小,晶粒细化,具有良好的抗冲击性能和较高的热变形温度。     

不同晶型成核剂在聚丙烯改性中的应用

本文介绍了聚丙烯成核剂的种类及其不同晶型成核剂在聚丙烯改性中的应用。重点介绍了山梨醇苄叉衍生物类成核剂在聚丙烯透明改性中的应用及通过实验对比研究分析了α、β两大晶型成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能及加工性能的影响。     

β晶型聚丙烯及其应用

阐述了β与α晶型聚丙烯（PP）性质上的差别、PP分子结构对β成核PP增韧效果的影响以及β晶型PP较α晶型PP韧性提高的微观机理,综述了PP用β成核剂的特点、发展和应用,介绍了β晶型PP在纤维、薄膜、玻璃纤维增强PP以及管道系统等方面的应用。     

不同受阻胺光稳定剂与成核剂对聚丙烯光老化性能影响

采用三种受阻胺光稳定剂944,622,788分别与成核剂NA9930T (α型成核剂)、TMB-5 (β型成核剂)复配,通过自然光光照老化试验(1个月为1个老化周期),研究了光稳定剂单剂以及光稳定剂和成核剂复配对均聚聚丙烯光老化性能的影响。结果表明,光稳定剂单剂对聚丙烯的抗光老化改性效果较光稳定剂与成核剂复配改性的效果差;空白试样(未加光稳定剂与成核剂)老化4个月后,黄色指数增加44.0%,氧化诱导期降低63.0%。光稳定剂与成核剂复配改性后,α型成核剂NA9930T可与光稳定剂944具有较好的抗老化协同效果,4个月光老化试验后,聚丙烯试样黄色指数增加38.2%,氧化诱导期降低40.0%;β型成核剂TMB-5可与光稳定剂788达到较好的抗老化协同效果,4个月光老化试验后,聚丙烯试样黄色指数增加38.7%,氧化诱导期降低38.9%。     

Photodegradation of talc-filled polypropylene

Injection-molded talc-filled polypropylene (PP) composites have been exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the laboratory for periods up to 26 weeks. The extent of chemical degradation has been assessed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the results correlated with the mechanical properties. In the early stages of exposure, the photo-oxidation is faster in the talc-filled composites than in the unfilled polymer, but this trend is reversed for exposures longer than ∼12 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection has revealed that surface cracks caused by photodegradation in the filled PP occur in the surface exposed to the UV source only, resulting in much less deterioration in tensile properties when compared with the unfilled polymer which degrades significantly at the unexposed surface also. Measurements of melting temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) gave a consistent picture of degradation with that obtained by FTIR and GPC studies. DSC analyses have also shown that an increase in the melting enthalpy for both the unfilled and filled grades occurs during exposure.     

Aging behavior of oxygen plasma-treated polypropylene with different crystallinities

Oxygen plasma-treated quenched and annealed polypropylene (PP) films with different crystallinities were investigated to characterize the surface rearrangement behavior during aging using contact-angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optimum plasma conditions were examined by varying the power, time and pressure. Less crystalline quenched PP showed a larger increase in water contact angle and a larger decrease of oxygen atomic concentration during aging than the more crystalline annealed PP, since the oxygen species, such as hydroxyl groups, introduced by oxygen plasma treatment, oriented towards or diffused faster into the bulk with lower crystallinity. The degree of crosslinking on the surface was enhanced after plasma treatment and, in addition to increased crystallinity, the crosslinked structure induced by plasma treatment restricted chain mobility and lowered the aging rate of the PP surface.     

Photodegradation of polypropylene containing a nucleating agent

The effect of including 0.5 wt % talc on the photodegradation behavior of polypropylene (PP) was investigated in injection-molded samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the laboratory for periods of up to 24 weeks. The structure of the talc-nucleated samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction and light microscopy and compared with that of nonnucleated PP, and the information was used to explain the differences in their photodegradation behavior. Measurements of the extent of chemical degradation were made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and they showed that there is no significant effect of a nucleating agent on the kinetics of photooxidation. PP bars containing a nucleating agent showed a larger reduction in mechanical properties with UV exposure and a partial recovery in properties after prolonged exposure was observed with both types of samples. An increase in crystallinity during UV exposure (chemicrystallization) was detected by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the dependence with exposure time was similar in nucleated and nonnucleated samples. DSC was also used to determine the melting behavior and transition temperatures of the specimens during exposure and after recrystallization from the melt. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2505–2517, 1997     

不同结构PP熔体的高速挤出畸变行为

采用恒速型双毛细管流变仪对比研究了均聚聚丙烯(PPH)T30S,嵌段共聚聚丙烯AP3N,无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)2400和PP-R4220熔体在高速挤出流场中的流变特性。PPR在较低速率下,短口模挤出物即出现规则螺纹畸变。相对分子质量相对较小的PPH T30S在高挤出速率下也出现螺纹畸变。分析表明,螺纹畸变的发生源于口模入口区的应力集中效应和次级环流。PPR熔体黏度高,弹性大,入口流动应力集中效应显著,且黏流活化能高,分子链柔性和结构规整性差,这些是导致其容易发生螺纹畸变的因素。     

主链型液晶高分子改善聚丙烯熔体高速挤出的流变行为

采用恒速型双毛细管流变仪研究了主链型热致液晶对无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)熔体高速挤出流变性能的影响.PPR熔体螺纹状畸变是由口模入口区的应力集中效应和横向环流造成的;利用原位成纤法制备PPR/热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)试样,TLCP在拉伸场中明显取向,随拉伸速率增大,取向程度先增大后减小;取向的TLCP明显减弱熔体挤出物...     

Investigation on the structure and crystallization behavior of controlled-rheology polypropylene with different stereo-defect distribution

Understanding concerning the influence of peroxide degradation on the stereo-defect distribution and related crystallization kinetics of controlled-rheology polypropylene are of great importance. In this study, two iPP samples (PP-A, PP-B) with similar molecular weights and average isotacticities, but different stereo-defect distributions and their degradation productions after the addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were prepared. Their melt flow indexes (MFI), stereo-defect distributions, crystallization behaviors and kinetics were studied using MFI measurement, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and successive self-nucleation and annealing fractionation. The results showed that as the content of DCP increased, the MFI, the crystallization temperature and crystallization rate of PP increased gradually, the crystallization peak width became narrower, and the crystallite size decreased. Meanwhile, the addition of DCP greatly restrained the formation of thick lamellae and narrowed its stereo-defect distribution [meso-sequence length (MSL) distribution]. On the other hand, results showed that PP resins with different stereo-defect distribution have similar MFI variations after degradation. PP-A (whose stereo-defect distribution was less uniform than PP-B) and its degradation products still possess higher crystallization rate, stronger crystallizability, smaller crystallite size and higher fractions of long MSL, compared with their counterparts of PP-B.     

Structural deformation behavior of isotactic polypropylene with different molecular characteristics during hot drawing process

Structural evolution in hot drawing process of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films with different molecular weight distribution (MWD) and isotacticity (IT) was investigated by in situ time-resolved measurements of synchrotron-sourced wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Any significant difference was not recognized among different molecular characteristics as for the changes in the WAXD patterns, indicating that the deformation behavior viewed at the crystal lattice scale was almost the same among these samples. On the other hand, the deformation behavior of lamellar stacking structure was found to be significantly dependent on the molecular characteristics of the sample used. For iPP sample with narrower MWD and higher IT, only the lamellar stacking structure with c-axis crystallites oriented along the drawing direction was detected at the deformation stage after necking, but the oriented fibrillar structure was observed in addition to the lamellar stacking structure for the iPP sample with broader MWD and IT distribution. The structural deformation models were presented for both the samples with different molecular characteristics, and these models were reasonably related with the difference in the stress-strain curve.     

Structural modifications induced by recycling of polypropylene

The effect of numerous reprocessing cycles on transport properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films was studied and related to the change of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution occurring during the recycling. Sorption curves of dichloromethane vapor in different samples of iPP were analyzed at 25°C to investigate the effect of structure modifications on the sorption mode. Moreover, gas permeability measurements were performed to evaluate the influence of reprocessing on the gas transport properties. The results obtained were attributed to modifications in the molecular structure of the polymer, evidenced from gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and to a different morphology of the films, as results from X-ray diffractograms and dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).     

Liquid crystalline adhesives for polypropylene joints

This study was devoted to the investigation of the adhesion of epoxy resins to polypropylene adherends. In particular, the study was carried out as follows: synthesis of both a liquid crystalline (LC) and a bisphenol-A-based resin, their characterization and their further evaluation as adhesives for polypropylene adherends. This was done in order to evaluate the difference between an LC epoxy resin and an isotropic one in adhesive applications. The adherends chosen were neat polypropylene (PP) and polypropylene reinforced with 20 and 40 wt% talc (PP20 and PP40, respectively). The effect of two different pre-treatments (simple degreasing and acid etching) on the polypropylene adherends was also evaluated. It was shown that the adhesion strength of the liquid crystalline adhesive was higher compared to that of the isotropic one. The higher adhesion was related to the extra ductility demonstrated by the LC epoxy resin, which was due to its particular microstructure. Moreover, the acid etching pre-treatment performed on polypropylene adherends prior to bonding improved the adhesion at the interface with the resin. The increased stiffness of the adherends due to the presence of talc turned out to be beneficial to obtain more resistant joints.     

Determination of crystalline thermodynamics and behavior of anthracene in different solvents

To screen suitable solvents for anthracene crystallization, the solubilities of anthracene and metastable zone width were determined in four different solvents, N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), xylene, tetrachloroethylene, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether from 30 to 80 °C at atmospheric pressure using a self‐made crystallizer. The cooling modes, solvents, and the effects of carbazole on the solvent crystallization process of anthracene were also investigated. The composition of mother liquors and solid products were measured by gas chromatography; the solids were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimetry, granulometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. The results showed that a uniform anthracene crystal was obtained when using DMF under the forced circulation cooling mode. Solid solution of anthracene and carbazole was initially detected in solvent crystallization. The existence of carbazole in solution has an obvious effect on the crystal morphology of anthracene, to some extent, is beneficial to the crystal growth of anthracene. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2160–2167, 2018