基于静电植绒技术的尼龙66纤维-Q235钢复合板的制备及其吸声性能

采用静电植绒技术制备尼龙66纤维-Q235钢复合板, 并研究了不同黏结剂涂覆量对植绒牢度的影响, 通过SEM观察分析绒毛层的形貌, 并通过传递函数法测量200~6 300 Hz频率范围内复合板的吸声性能, 分析植绒电压、植绒时间、极板间距和纤维形态结构对吸声性能的影响。结果表明:植绒牢度随黏结剂涂覆量的增大而增大, 在不产生气泡的前提下, 100 g/m2为最佳涂覆量;吸声性能随植绒电压的增加而提高, 但增幅逐渐减小, 最终趋于稳定;植绒时间对吸声性能的影响趋势同植绒电压相似;吸声性能随极板间距的增大而降低, 开始下降缓慢, 随后逐渐加快, 其最优植绒参数为植绒电压90 kV、植绒时间40 s、极板间距10 cm;纤维形态结构也对尼龙66纤维-Q235钢复合板的吸声性能有明显影响, 减小纤维长度和纤维直径均可提高复合板的吸声系数, 最佳纤维形态结构参数为长度0.9 mm、直径20 μm。      

高速列车复合板隔声性能的试验研究

基于室内隔声测试标准,通过试验方法,研究了多种高速列车复合板材的隔声性能。研究的板材包括:两块铝板板间夹不同厚度空气的复合板;板间夹不同密度的泡沫铝吸声材料的复合板;板间夹不同厚度的隔声垫的复合板。对以上复合板的综合研究明确了铝板夹层填充材料和厚度对隔声效果的作用。结果表明:含空气层复合铝板存在明显吻合谷,但其高频隔声性能好;泡沫铝吸声材料可有效抑制吻合谷,小的孔隙率(即增加密度)有利于提高隔声性能;隔音垫有助于提高复合板的隔声量,但是其厚度的选择要与关注的频率区段相匹配。研究结果系统地反映了复合板的影响因素,可为我国高速列车复合板隔声性能的优化提供参考依据。     

内前围隔音垫隔声性能研究

发动机噪声是汽车主要噪声源,内前围隔音垫是发动机噪声向乘员舱传递路径中最重要的声学零部件。参照混响室-消声室法隔声测试原理,在LMS Virtual.lab中建立EVA+PU形式的内前围隔音垫平面件隔声性能仿真分析计算模型,仿真分析计算结果与试验测试结果在315~2 000 Hz频率范围内相差0.5~2.0 dB,总体满足工程要求。利用仿真分析方法和模型,对12种内前围隔音垫隔声结构的隔声量进行了计算,并计算了隔声效率,结果显示EVA厚度选取2.5 mm,PU材料密度选取50 kg/m~3时,隔声效率最大,可作为内前围隔音垫隔声结构的设计方案,内前围零件隔声量实验测试结果验证了这一结论。     

不同结构型式与参数单层窗隔声性能试验分析

通过试验研究玻璃形式与规格、窗框型材、开启方式与密封形式对单层隔声窗隔声性能的影响,结果表明:玻璃形式对平开窗的计权隔声量影响较小,但低频共振现象存在显著差异;单层窗在低频段隔声效果基本相近,对200Hz~2 000 Hz频段,真空玻璃、夹胶中空玻璃形式窗隔声性能相对最好;塑钢窗的隔声性能稍好于断桥铝型材窗,且二者皆显著优于普通铝合金窗;增大窗框型材厚度可有效提升整体隔声性能;平开窗隔声性能显著优于推拉窗,两者差异主要体现在中高频段吻合效应的严重程度;而采用包覆式密封条对提升推拉窗隔声量有一定效果。以上结论可为降噪工程设计提供参考依据。     

不同构造参数双层窗隔声性能试验研究

通过试验研究玻璃构造形式与规格、开启方式与密封形式、双层窗间距及窗框型材对双层窗隔声性能的影响,分析得出:玻璃构造形式与规格对双层窗的计权隔声量影响较小,其空气声隔声量频率特性曲线相近,低频共振频率主要出现在160~250 Hz范围;外平开/内推拉形式双层窗的隔声性能与双平开形式双层窗相当,均显著优于双推拉形式双层窗,且推拉窗采用包覆式密封条替换普通毛条,对提升外平开/内推拉形式双层窗的隔声量有一定效果;在相同条件下,当两层窗之间的间距大于90 mm时,双层窗构件的计权隔声量相近,隔声性能优于间距为80 mm的双层窗。     

声激励下双层耦合结构声与振动特性研究

考虑声桥的周期性,建立了通过声桥耦合的双层结构声传播模型。利用傅立叶变换和逆变换技术,分别得到双层结构隔声量表达式以及两板的振动能量表达式。研究了声桥刚度、间距对双层结构振动特性和隔声性能的影响。同时,根据理论分析结果定义了双层耦合结构隔声曲线的刚度控制区,阻尼控制区以及质量控制区,给出了各个区域的隔声特点。研究表明,随着两板之间耦合的增强,两板的振动响应趋于一致;而隔声曲线的刚度控制区受刚度影响明显,阻尼控制区出现了很多的峰谷值,随结构阻尼的增大曲线渐趋平滑;随着声桥间距的加强,质量控制区频带宽度增加,隔声量满足约5 dB/倍频程的增长率;同时,质量每增加一倍,质量控制区隔声量约增加5 dB,存在声桥的双层耦合结构隔声性能与单层墙隔声性能相似。     

汽车车身钣金加强肋隔声性能实测与计算分析

研究了汽车车身钣金加强肋隔声性能实测与计算分析,利用SEA方法和FE-SEA方法建立薄板隔声量计算模型,并与测试值进行对比验证。以车身钣金加强肋高度、宽度、加强肋开孔及钣金加强肋布置密度等因素为变量,设计并制造出不同方案的车身钣金加强肋,然后在混响室-全消室中测试了不同方案钣金加强肋隔声量。试验结果表明,钣金加强肋宽度增加,隔声量在全频段上增大;在钣金加强肋上开孔,隔声量下降;钣金加强肋布置密度增大,隔声曲线峰值、谷值增多。基于试验与计算对比结果,对汽车车身钣金加强肋隔声量计算影响因素进行了分析。     

常用墙体隔声性能的影响因素及改进措施

墙体空气声隔声性能对室内声环境的舒适程度具有决定性的影响,如何对常用墙体构造进行隔声性能优化,是高品质建筑室内声环境设计的重要工作。文中采用现场测试和COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5计算软件模拟的方法,研究了常用墙体在不同频段下的空气声隔声性能。结果表明,墙体隔声性能的变化趋势符合墙体的质量定律分析,隔声量与墙厚度、面密度之间具有较好的线性关系,计权隔声量随厚度、面密度的增加而增大;墙体隔声性能的优化不宜盲目增加墙体厚度,而是要根据墙体构造的特点和所处的噪声频段进行优化,在混凝土墙体中添加0.3%的聚丙烯纤维和0.5%的聚氨酯吸声材料后,墙体计权表观隔声量可提高1~2 dB,在多孔砖或砌块类的孔洞中填充密度为31.5 kg·m^-3的岩棉,墙体计权表观隔声量可提高4 dB,将轻钢龙骨的单位长度质量从0.82 kg·m^-1增加至1.23 kg·m^-1,石膏板的厚度从12 mm增至15 mm时,墙体计权表观隔声量可提高2~3 dB。     

尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合纤维的电纺制备与性能

以甲酸和二氯甲烷为溶剂,采用静电纺丝法一步法制备了尼龙66/有机蒙脱土纳米复合纤维。采用扫描电镜观测了纳米纤维的形貌和直径,尼龙66和尼龙66/有机蒙脱土纳米复合纤维的平均直径分别为(67±18)nm和(63±13)nm。傅里叶红外谱图显示尼龙66和蒙脱土之间出现了氢键结合。热失重分析表明,当蒙脱土与尼龙66的质量比为1∶100时,尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合纤维的起始分解温度和热分解峰值温度分别提高了26℃和39℃;紫外老化性能测试表明蒙脱土的片层阻隔效应使尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合纤维显示出更好的耐紫外老化性能;吸水率实验表明蒙脱土的加入使纳米纤维的吸水率下降了67.3%,耐水解性能提高。静电纺丝是一种可以制备性能更优越的尼龙66/粘土纳米复合材料的方法。     

石墨改性尼龙66复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用共混改性手段制备尼龙66/石墨共混物,测定了其摩擦磨损性能及力学性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析材料磨损表面形貌.结果表明:当石墨含量分别在8%,3%,10%时,石墨/尼龙66共混材料的耐磨性能、拉伸性能和冲击性能最好.     

Mechanism of high temperature oxidation of laser surface engineered TiC/Al alloy ‘composite’ coating on 6061 aluminium alloy

Abstract

Structural, morphological, and kinetic investigations into the oxidation behaviour of a laser surface engineered TiC/Al alloy ‘composite’ coating on 6061 aluminium alloy are discussed in the present work. Specimens of 6061 alloy coated with TiC were oxidised at 473, 673, and 873 K in air for 50 h to study the effects of long duration exposure on the coating. Severe oxidation of the coating was observed above 673 K and delamination/separation of the coating occurred in the specimen exposed to 873 K. The oxidation kinetics were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of pure TiC (coating material), 6061 alloy (substrate material), and the TiC/6061 aluminium alloy ‘composite’ coating in the temperature range 473–873 K. Oxidation and oxidation rate within the lower temperature range (473–573 K) were comparable for both TiC and 6061 alloy, whereas both oxidation and oxidation rate were several times greater for TiC compared with 6061 alloy above 573 K, which illustrates accordingly two different oxidation behaviours below and above 573 K for the ‘composite’ coating TiC/6061. These effects were further demonstrated for different TiC contents in the TiC/6061 ‘composite’ coating by preparing specimens with various precursor thicknesses.     

Fabrication of AA6061/Al2O3 nano ceramic particle reinforced composite coating by using friction stir processing

Nano ceramic particle reinforced composite coatings were created by incorporating Al₂O₃ ceramic particles into the surface of AA6061-T6 alloy plate with multiple pass friction stir processing (FSP). Optical microscopy and Micro-Vickers hardness tests were employed to investigate the influence of axial force and the number of FSP pass on the distribution of the ceramic particles and the hardness of the generated nano ceramic particle reinforced composite coating. Results show that the composite coating is as deep as the length of the pin probe. No distinct interface was developed between the coating and the base metal. The composite region becomes greater as the axial force and the number of FSP pass increased. At the same time, the distribution of the ceramic particles became more homogeneous. Nano particles in the coating have no significant effect on the macro-hardness of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy even in the composite zone due to the softening of matrix material resulted from overaging. Spindle torque of the tool increased with increasing axial force, while it became less variable and smaller in subsequent pass compared to that in the first pass.     

Sliding wear of Al2O3P/6061 Al composite

The mild sliding wear behaviour of a 15 vol % Al₂O_3P/6061 Al composite has been investigated by using a pin-on-disc reciprocating sliding machine. The composite has been shown to exhibit an excellent wear resistance as compared to the unreinforced matrix alloy. The wear rate of the composite under dry wear conditions with a 12N load is approximately one tenth of that in the 6061 aluminium alloy. The wear rate of the composite under lubrication with 15W/40 gear oil under a 100N load is only one thousandth ofthat in the 6061 aluminium alloy.The dry wear resistance of an over-aged sample is shown here to be better than a peak aged or under-aged sample when the composite was aged at 160°C. The coefficient of friction of the composite was approximately 0.5–0.6 under dry conditions and 0.07 in lubricated wear experiments.In the initial stage, the worn surface of the composite under dry conditions is primarily composed of ploughed grooves and ductile tear. The composite makes a conducting contact with the steel pin. The worn surface is composed of compacted powder and the contact potential gradually increases when the period of the wear experiment goes beyond 2 h.     

双屏蔽(B4C-W)/6061Al层状复合板设计与性能

基于B₄C和W良好的屏蔽中子和γ射线性能,采用6061铝合金作为基体,设计了一种新型双屏蔽(B₄C-W)/6061Al层状复合材料,通过放电等离子烧结后加热轧制成板材,对制备的复合材料微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,屏蔽组元B₄C和W颗粒均匀地分布在6061Al基体中,层界面、B₄C/Al、W/Al异质界面之间结合良好,无空隙和裂纹。在颗粒与基体界面处形成扩散层,扩散层的厚度约为6 μm (W/Al)和4 μm (W/Al)。轧制态的(B₄C-W)/6061Al层状复合板的屈服强度(109 MPa)和极限抗拉强度(245 MPa)明显优于烧结态的复合材料,但断裂韧性降低。强度提高的原因主要是轧制后颗粒的二次分布、均匀性及界面结合强度提高,基体合金的晶粒尺寸减小,位错密度增加。层状复合板的断裂方式为基体合金的韧性断裂和颗粒的脆性断裂。      

Kinetics of precipitation hardening in SiC whisker-reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy

Ageing behaviour at 180 °C of 6061 aluminium alloy-SiC_w composites, drawn from bars obtained in various extruded ratios, and 6061 aluminium alloy used as matrix, have been compared. These materials were dissolved in a salt bath at 529 and 557 °C for 2 h, quenched in ice-water, and aged at 180 °C in an oil bath for increasing periods. Ageing kinetics were studied with Brinell hardness measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various samples of the composite, deriving from bars with Φ20, Φ35 and Φ50 mm in diameter, and 6061 aluminium alloy, show the same ageing mechanism; however, the ageing rates results increased for composites. While 6061 aluminium alloy shows its maximum hardness value after about 4–5 h at 180 °C, the 6061-SiC_w composites reach theirs in 2–3 h. Moreover, for composites hardness abruptly decreases after 3 h, while aluminium alloy keeps its maximum value for an ageing time as long as 6 h. Thermal analysis allows us to put together a definite DSC trace for every microstructural state. The highest hardness values are obtained as a result of the formation of a Guinier Preston (GP) needle-shaped zones, which progressively become more thermally stable with protracted isothermal treatment at 180 °C. The different ageing process rates observed for composites and for the 6061 alloy are correlated with the sizes of the reinforcements. Dimensional analysis of whiskers has been performed by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Ordinarily the longer the average length of the whiskers in the samples, the faster the ageing process. Higher temperatures are required for composite solutions than for 6061 alloy. On the other hand, 6061-SiC_w samples solutionized at higher temperature and then quenched sometimes show microcrack formation in the materials.     

Ballistic performance of multi-layered metallic plates impacted by a 7.62-mm APM2 projectile

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the ballistic performance of monolithic, double- and triple-layered metallic plates made of either steel or aluminium or a combination of these materials, impacted by a 7.62-mm APM2 projectile in the velocity range of 775–950 m/s. Numerical models were developed using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. It was found that monolithic plates have a better ballistic performance than that of multi-layered plates made of the same material. This effect diminishes with impact velocity. It was also found that double-layered plates with a thin front plate of aluminium and thick back steel plate exhibit greater resistance than multi-layered steel plates with similar areal density. These predictions indicate that multi-layered targets using different metallic materials should be investigated for improved ballistic performance and weight-savings.     

厚铝合金-薄不锈钢复合板爆炸焊接工艺研究

研究了6061铝合金(厚度为28 mm)-304L薄不锈钢(厚度为4 mm)复合板的爆炸焊接工艺。结果表明,以薄不锈钢为基层,纯铝为过渡层,分别以12 mm和16 mm厚的铝合金为复层进行3次爆炸焊接,可得到性能合格的厚铝合金-薄不锈钢复合板。     

尼龙66电纺纳米纤维膜的纤维分散形态和结晶性能

采用高压静电纺丝方法,制备了尼龙66电纺纤维膜,纤维的直径为纳米级。运用场发射扫描电镜(EFSEM)观察了纺丝液的浓度、电压、固化距离等参数对尼龙66电纺纤维膜的纤维分散形态和直径大小的影响,运用XRD分析了纺丝液浓度和电压对电纺纤维结晶度的影响。结果表明,纺丝液浓度对纤维分散形态有决定性作用,尼龙66电纺纤维膜结晶度比未纺丝的尼龙66的结晶度要低得多,并且电压对结晶度影响很大,电压增加使结晶度降低,电纺纤维膜的晶体结构趋于无定型。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Laser-Friction Stir Welding between AA6061-T6 Al Alloy and AZ31 Mg Alloy

For the purpose of improving the strength of this dissimilar joint,the present study was carried out to investigate the improvement in intermetallic layer by using a third material foil between the faying edges of the friction stir welded and hybrid welded Al6061-T6/AZ31 alloy plates.The difference in microstructural and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded and hybrid welded Al6061-T6/AZ31 joint was compared.Hybrid buttwelding of aluminum alloy plate to a magnesium alloy plate was successfully achieved with Ni foil as filler material,while defect-free laser-friction stir welding(FSW) hybrid welding was achieved by using a laser power of 2 kW.Transverse tensile strength of the joint reached about 66% of the Mg base metal tensile strength in the case of hybrid welding with Ni foil and showed higher value than that of the friction stir welded joint with and without the third material foil.This may be due to the presence of less brittle Ni-based intermetallic phases instead of Al12Mg17.