显微组织对冲蚀磨损的影响

研究了经不同热处理，特别是经渗硼＋激光共晶化处理的４５钢的４５钢的冲蚀磨损行为。结果表明，退火、正火和淬火回火系列的４５钢显示延性材料的冲蚀磨损特征，即最大部刨率发生在低攻角处，其中淬火＋高温回火试样在高角、低角冲蚀时都具有最低的磨损，渗硼和渗硼后激光共晶化的４５钢显示脆性材料的冲蚀磨损特征，即最大冲刨率发生在高攻角处，渗硼共晶层的冲蚀抗力明显优于渗硼层，且两者冲蚀抗力的差异在低攻角时更为显著。     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损特性

在腐蚀冲蚀磨损试验机上,用5%H2SO4和质量分数15%棕刚玉组成的腐蚀-冲蚀磨损介质,对不同燃气流量下HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-25%NiCr涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损性能进行了试验研究,测定了涂层单位面积失重量随腐蚀冲蚀磨损时间和冲蚀角度的变化,用扫描电镜观察了涂层断面组织形貌,分析了涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损机制.研究表明,涂层的腐蚀...     

耐磨耐蚀钢发展途径的探索

在双相不锈钢研究基础上，探索了耐磨耐蚀合金组织与腐蚀，磨损，冲蚀性能的关系，腐蚀介质中外加极化电位下的销环磨损试验，料浆及水砂冲蚀和磨痕观测结果表明：控制合金成分及组织以提高其综合性能，并充分发挥形变强化能力是发展耐磨耐蚀合金的正确途径，第二相强化只要应用得当也有定效果。     

电沉积镍合金的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损研究

采用MSH型腐蚀磨损试验机研究了电沉积纯Ni、Ni-P非晶合金、Ni-W-P非晶合金的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损行为,并结合电化学测量系统研究了上述材料冲蚀与腐蚀之间相互促进机理。结合XRD分析了冲蚀前后电沉积镍合金的相变行为。结果表明：冲蚀-腐蚀磨损试验前后,电沉积镍合金镀层的硬度都增加;Ni-P非晶合金受到冲击后,镀层明显的发生了由非晶向微晶的转变;镍合金在含盐砂浆中的腐蚀性能随着工况的不同而不同,试样在含盐砂浆中的冲击速度由0增加到3.14ms-1时,三种材料的腐蚀速率都减小,之后随着冲击速度的增大,试样腐蚀速度增加;镍及镍合金材料的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损失重都以冲蚀失重为主,试验条件下冲蚀与腐蚀的交互作用最高能使材料的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损失重增加42%。     

低温离子渗氮提高2Cr13不锈钢的冲蚀磨损与冲刷腐蚀抗力

采用喷射式固体粒子冲蚀磨损实验机和浆体冲刷腐蚀装置对比研究了350℃低温离子渗氮和550℃常规高温离子渗氮对2Cr13不锈钢冲蚀磨损和冲刷腐蚀行为的影响规律,通过组织结构分析、硬度测试和电化学交流阻抗分析探讨了低温渗氮改善2Cr13不锈钢抗冲蚀磨损和抗冲刷腐蚀性能的机制。结果表明：低温和常规高温离子渗氮均可提高2Cr13不锈钢在小角度固体颗粒干冲蚀条件下的冲蚀磨损抗力,但是,350℃低温渗氮处理表现出比550℃高温离子渗氮层更好的抗冲蚀磨损性能。在含10%石英砂的中性和酸性5%NaCl水溶液中,350℃低温渗氮处理使2Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀速率分别降低96.7%和87.4%;然而,550℃常规离子渗氮却导致2Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀速率分别提高4.13倍和0.49倍。350℃渗氮层由-εFe3N和N过饱和固溶体αN相组成,其化学稳定性好,硬度高,因而表现出良好的耐腐蚀、抗冲刷磨损与抗冲刷腐蚀性能。550℃渗氮处理时,αN相分解成了α相和CrN化合物,造成基材贫Cr,耐腐蚀性能下降,同时表面硬度低于350℃低温渗氮层,其抗冲蚀磨损性能不及350℃低温渗氮处理,冲刷腐蚀抗力则低于2Cr13不锈钢基材。     

电沉积Ni-P非晶合金的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损行为

采用MSH型腐蚀磨损实验机,通过改变水砂两相流的冲击速度、含砂量和固相粒径等环境因素,研究了电沉积Ni-P非晶合金的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损行为。结果表明,电沉积Ni-P非晶合金的冲蚀失重率和冲蚀-腐蚀失重率均随着冲击速度、含砂量和固相粒径的增加而增大。与AISI 304不锈钢相比,电沉积Ni-P非晶合金冲蚀失重率和总失重率较高,但腐蚀失重率较低,也表现出了良好的抗冲蚀-腐蚀磨损性能。棒状Ni-P非晶合金镀层的冲蚀-腐蚀磨损,正面以砂粒挤压锻打造成的唇片和断裂为主,侧面以切削和犁削为主。     

海水中泥沙对铜及铜合金腐蚀的影响

采用室内模拟加速试验装置,对紫铜,青铜,黄铜和白铜等几类铜及铜合金,在不同泥沙含量的海水中的冲蚀情况及腐蚀速度进行了研究,用实体显微镜观察检测表面的腐蚀形貌发现,泥沙的存在明显加速了铜及铜合金在流动海水中的冲刷腐蚀,表面莆成点蚀,局部体育馆和蚀坑,且对不同铜合金的腐蚀影响和规律不一致。     

腐蚀磨损过程中材料的环境脆性

从腐蚀磨损的交互作用、腐蚀磨损与应力腐蚀及氢脆的异同出发，论述了磨损加速腐蚀及腐蚀加速磨损的微观机制，指出材料的环境脆性与腐蚀对磨损的加速作用程度有关．从腐蚀对磨损的加速作用、比能耗、磨痕硬度等方面分析了不锈钢 Cl^-体系、Ni-P镀层 NaOH溶液、H4340钢与Ti6A14V合金 稀硫酸溶液体系、铜合金 NH4^ (NH3)或S^2-溶液中的环境脆化行为和规律，总结出材料环境脆性的力学判据，展望了今后腐蚀磨损的研究方向．     

高硼铸钢的研究进展

高硼铸钢是以B为主要合金元素的新型耐磨材料。围绕高硼铸钢组织中的Fe_2B,简单介绍了合金元素对高硼铸钢组织及力学性能的影响。然而,除耐磨以外,高硼铸钢在耐高温熔体(Zn、Al)腐蚀方面也展现出优异的性能。结合笔者已有的研究成果,重点介绍了新型高硼铸钢的耐铝液腐蚀及耐铝液腐蚀-磨损性能,硼化物对改善高硼铸钢的耐铝液腐蚀及耐铝液腐蚀-磨损性能起到了非常重要的作用。富Cr和富Mo的Fe_2B在铝液腐蚀过程中表现出不同的行为:富Cr的Fe_2B与铝液反应生成周期性层片结构,而富Mo的Fe_2B则是发生断裂、剥落;在铝液腐蚀-磨损过程中,初生富Cr的Fe_2B发生Fe元素的优先溶解,之后在磨损的作用下开裂、剥落,但相关机理还需深入研究。最后,对高硼铸钢的研究进行了展望。     

铜的表面含硅渗层的结构与性能

本文综述了利用ＳｉＨ４／Ｈ２混合气体在纯铜表面获得的含硅渗层的结构和性能。试验结果表明：通过纯铜表面气体渗硅这一新的化学热处理方法，其表面获得含硅渗层，可以改善铜的表面摩擦磨损、冲蚀磨损及耐高温腐蚀等表面性能     

Modeling and optimizing of factors affecting erosion–corrosion of AA6063–(TiC/Al2O3) hybrid composites by experimental design method

In this article, modeling and optimizing of factors affecting erosion–corrosion wear of aluminum alloy A6063 reinforced with (Al₂O₃/TiC) particles have been determined by experimental design method. The erosion–corrosion wear characteristics and mechanism of AA6063–(TiC/Al₂O₃) with experimental parameters namely; type and concentration of corrosive media in the slurry, erosion speed and time have been investigated. Two models for reinforced and unreinforced alloys were applied to describe the influences of these factors on the erosion behavior of alloys. The erosion–corrosion mechanisms of the AA6063–(TiC/Al₂O₃) were dominated by particles erosion wear in alkaline slurry, and by the interaction of particle erosion wear and medium corrosion in acidic slurry. The results of experimental work are coinciding with that of calculated ones confirming the successful modelization.     

Fe-Ni-Cr(Mo,Cu)合金的腐蚀磨损行为

用自制的销环式腐蚀磨损试验机测定了 Fe-Ni-Cr(Mo,Cu)合金在20%H_2SO_4溶液中腐蚀、阴保、钝化及过钝化等电位区的腐蚀磨损-载荷关系,用 SEM 观察了磨痕。结果表明,材料流失量远大于18-8不锈钢,而且主要是磨损造成的。合金中 Ni 的含量高,降低了形变强化能力,是耐磨性下降的原因。     

Design of wear resistant boron-modified supermartensitic stainless steel by spray forming process

In this paper the chemical composition of the supermartensitic stainless (SM) was modified with the addition of small boron contents (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt.%) and processed by spray forming aiming the development of functionalized stainless steel with higher wear resistance. The addition of boron to the SM leads to the formation of continuous network of M₂B type borides uniformly distributed in the refined microstructure promoted by the spray forming process. The wear resistance was evaluated by two different methodologies: (1) the standardized dry sand/rubber wheel test (ASTM G65); and (2) a plate-on-cylinder (POC) wear test which was designed to simulate in laboratorial scale the tribosystems found in wear of risers and casings. It was shown that the wear mechanisms that take place in both tests are quite different, but in all cases increasing the boron content is always accompanied by an increase in the wear resistance. Electrochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the designed alloys. It could be seen that corrosion properties similar to the commercial SM can be achieved in the SM modified with 0.7 wt.% of boron if an over content of chromium is added to the chemical composition.     

Effect of boron on corrosion resistance of Al-2.5 wt% Cu allov

The effect of boron on the corrosion resistance of AI-2.5 wt% Cu alloy has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy and particle tracking autoradiography. It is shown that when AI-2.5 wt% Cu alloys are doped with 0.002, 0.004, and 0.006 wt% B, the corrosion resistance of the alloys can be greatly increased. The mechanism for boron to increase the corrosion resistance is that boron addition eliminates the preferential precipitation of a second phase at grain boundaries of the alloys. Moreover, it is shown that the segregation of boron to grain boundaries is importantly responsible for the increase of the corrosion resistance of the alloys. Received 25 October 1990 and accepted 25 March 1991     

Improvement in the corrosion-erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel with alloyed yttrium

It has been previously demonstrated that yttrium can improve the resistance of stainless steel to sliding wear in corrosive environment. However, the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effect of yttrium on corrosive wear is not well understood. In this work, the erosion behavior of Y-free and Y-containing 304 stainless steel in a dilute H₂SO₄ slurry containing silica sand was investigated, with the aim of exploring the role that yttrium plays. The failure and self-healing of passive films on Y-free and Y-containing 304 stainless steel samples under combined attack by corrosion and mechanical scratch were studied, using an electrochemical scratch technique. The failure of the passive films during dry scratch and identation was also investigated using a micro-mechanical probe with in situ monitoring changes in the electrical contact resistance. In addition, effect of yttrium on electron work function was investigated. All the results demonstrated that yttrium effectively improved properties of the passive film, including corrosion resistance, mechanical behavior and the film stability, resulting in enhanced resistance to corrosion-erosion.     

BASIC DIAGRAMS OF CYCLIC CRACK GROWTH RESISTANCE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS

Abstract— Basic diagrams of the cyclic crack growth resistance of two of the most investigated titanium alloys, namely Ti-6A1–4V and Ti-6A1–6V-2Sn, are presented. Diagrams are plotted for, in-air, distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solution, which are necessary for lifetime calculations of structural elements made of these metals. The dependency of cyclic crack growth resistance on the yield strength is established. It is shown that cyclic crack growth resistance of titanium alloys in corrosive environments is determined not only by the stress-strain state but also by the electrochemical conditions at the corrosion fatigue crack tip, which for aqueous environments can be characterized integrally by the hydrogen index of the environment and the electrode potential of the metal. Therefore, cyclic corrosion crack growth resistance testing should be performed under constant electrochemical conditions at the corrosion fatigue crack tip or these conditions should be taken into account. A new method of plotting the basic cyclic corrosion crack growth resistance diagrams of titanium alloys is considered.     

Modifizierte Nickelbasisstandardlote für korrosiv belastete Bauteile

Modified nickel based standard brazing filler metals for units under corrosive loads Nickel‐based alloys are presently used as brazing filler metals for components which undergo mechanical stress in corrosive conditions, f. e. heat exchangers. When soldering chrome containing steel parts with nickel based brazing filler metals additionally containing boron and silicon a reaction of chrome and boron can occur. This evolution of chromium borides, depositing on grain boundaries, causes a lack of chrome in the steel part. A drop of the chrome content in the parts below 13 % leads to a loss of corrosion resistance. It is possible to change the microstructure of brazing joints by modification with chromium and molybdenum. Continuous brittle phases could be successfully avoided with this modification. Furthermore it could be shown that the choice of additives, the heating respectively cooling rate and the brazing temperature have important influence on the microstructure evolution and therefore on the mechanical and corrosive properties of joints.     

水机材料的抗磨蚀性判据研究

为了证实水机材料的抗磨蚀和抗空蚀性能与材料的常规宏观性能之间的相依关系，选取4种具代表性的材料（碳化钨涂层、NiCr合金涂层、硼不锈钢涂层和钛），进行空蚀和磨蚀试验，并测试了它们的硬度和抗腐蚀性。试验结果表明，材料的空蚀和磨蚀抗力与硬度和抗腐蚀性有着紧密的相依关系:高硬度是抗磨蚀性优的第一判据，较强的抗腐蚀性是第二判据；高抗腐蚀性是抗空蚀性优的第一判据，较高的硬度是第二判据。     

Structure and Properties of Aluminum Alloys Modified with Silicon Carbide by Laser Surface Treatment

We study the structure and properties of AA6082 and AA7075 aluminum alloys modified with particles of SiC with the help of a laser. It is shown that the wear resistance of alloys laser reinforced with SiC in the case of friction against an abrasive wheel is 30–75 times higher than for nonmodified alloys. On the basis of the data of electrochemical investigations, it is shown that, for AA7075 alloy, the influence of its structural heterogeneity on the variation of corrosion potentials decreases as the corrosion activity of the medium increases. We measured the values of corrosion currents of the surfaces of alloys in various corrosive solutions. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 34–40, May–June, 2005.